| 1. |
- Andersson, Håkan, 1970-
(author)
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A Co-Simulation Approach for Hydraulic Percussion Units
- 2018
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This Licentiate of Engineering thesis concerns modelling and simulation of hydraulic percussion units. These units are often found in equipment for breaking or drilling in rock and concrete, and are also often driven by oil hydraulics, in which complex fluid-structure couplings are essential for their operation.Current methodologies used today when developing hydraulic percussion units are based on decoupled analyses, which are not correctly capturing the important coupled mechanisms. Hence, an efficient method for coupled simulations is of high importance, since these mechanisms are critical for the function of these units. Therefore, a co-simulation approach between a 1D system simulation model representing the fluid system and a structural 3D FE-model is proposed.This approach is presented in detail, implemented for two well-known simulation tools and evaluated for a simple but relevant model. The Hopsan simulation tool was used for the fluid system and the FE-simulation software LS-DYNA was used for the structural mechanics simulation. The co-simulation interface was implemented using the Functional Mock-up Interface-standard.The approach was further developed to also incorporate multiple components for coupled simulations. This was considered necessary when models for the real application are to be developed. The use of two components for co-simulation was successfully evaluated for two models, one using the simple rigid body representation, and a second where linear elastic representations of the structural material were implemented.An experimental validation of the co-simulation approach applied to an existing hydraulic hammer was performed. Experiments on the hydraulic hammer were performed using an in-house test rig, and responses were registered at four different running conditions. The co-simulation model was developed using the same approach as before. The corresponding running conditions were simulated and the responses were successfully validated against the experiments. A parameter study was also performed involving two design parameters with the objective to evaluate the effects of a parameter change.This thesis consists of two parts, where Part I gives an introduction to the application, the simulation method and the implementation, while Part II consists of three papers from this project.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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A co-simulation method for system-level simulation of fluid-structure couplings in hydraulic percussion units
- 2017
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In: Engineering with Computers. - : SPRINGER. - 0177-0667 .- 1435-5663. ; 33:2, s. 317-333
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper addresses a co-simulation method for fluid power driven machinery equipment, i.e. oil hydraulic machinery. In these types of machinery, the fluid-structure interaction affects the end-product performance to a large extent, hence an efficient co-simulation method is of high importance. The proposed method is based on a 1D system model representing the fluid components of the hydraulic machinery, within which structural 3D Finite Element (FE) models can be incorporated for detailed simulation of specific sub-models or complete structural assemblies. This means that the fluid system simulation will get a more accurate structural response, and that the structural simulation will get more correct fluid loads at every time step, compared to decoupled analysis. Global system parameters such as fluid flow, performance and efficiency can be evaluated from the 1D system model simulation results. From the 3D FE-models, it is possible to evaluate displacements, stresses and strains to be used in stress analysis, fatigue evaluation, acoustic analysis, etc. The method has been implemented using two well-known simulation tools for fluid power system simulations and FE-simulations, respectively, where the interface between the tools is realised by use of the Functional Mock-up Interface standard. A simple but relevant model is used to validate the method.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Håkan, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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Simulation of wear in hydraulic percussion units using a co-simulation approach
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Modelling and Simulation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0228-6203 .- 1925-7082. ; 43:3, s. 265-281
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study, a developed co-simulation method, which couples 1D-fluid and 3D-structural models, has been utilised to simulate wear in a hydraulic percussion unit. The effect of wear is generally detrimental on performance and lifetime for such units, but can also cause catastrophic failure and breakdown, requiring a total overhaul and replacement of core components. One experiment of standard straight impact was performed to investigate the tolerance against seizure. The percussion unit was operated at successively increasing operating pressures, and the level of wear was registered at each step, until seizure occurred. The co-simulation model was used to replicate the running conditions from the experiment to simulate the structural response to be used as input for the wear routine to calculate the wear depth. The wear pattern from the simulations corresponds well to the wear pattern from the experiment. Further, the effect of a misaligned impact on wear development was also studied, as this is a loading situation that typically occurs for hydraulic percussion units. The study demonstrates that the simulation method used has a potential for simulating wear and predicting seizure in hydraulic percussion units.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Håkan, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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System level co-simulation of a control valve and hydraulic cylinder circuit in a hydraulic percussion unit
- 2017
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In: Proceedings of 15:th Scandinavian International Conference on Fluid Power, June 7-9, 2017, Linköping, Sweden. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789176853696 ; , s. 225-235
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study a previously developed co-simulation method that is based on a 1D system model representing the fluid components of a hydraulic machinery, within which structural 3D Finite Element (FE) models can be incorporated for detailed simulation of specific sub-models or complete structural assemblies, is further developed. The fluid system model consists of ordinary differential equation sub-models that are computationally very inexpensive, but still represents the fluid dynamics very well. The co-simulation method has been shown to work very well for a simple model representing a hydraulic driven machinery. A more complex model was set up in this work, in which two cylinders in the hydraulic circuit were evaluated. Such type of models, including both the main piston and control valves, are necessary as they represent the real application to a further extent than the simple model, of only one cylinder. Two models have been developed and evaluated, from the simple rigid body representation of the structural mechanics model, to the more complex model using linear elastic representation. The 3D FE-model facilitates evaluation of displacements, stresses, and strains on a local level of the model. The results can be utilised for fatigue assessment, wear analysis and for predictions of noise radiation.
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| 5. |
- Ewest, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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COMPARISON BETWEEN LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR FRACTURE MECHANICS ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA FOR THE DUCTILE SUPERALLOY HAYNES 230
- 2015
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In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME TURBO EXPO: TURBINE TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, 2015, VOL 7A. - : ASME Press. - 9780791856765
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vith increasing use of renewable energy sources, an industrial us turbine is often a competitive solution to balance the power rid. However, life robustness approaches for gas turbine corn9nents operating under increasingly cyclic conditions, is a chalmging task. Ductile superalloys, as Haynes 230, are often used n stationary gas turbine hot parts such as combustors. The main cad for such components is due to non -homogeneous thermal xpansion within or between parts. As the material is ductile Jere is considerable redistribution of stresses and strains due to nelastic deformations during the crack initiation phase. There ore, the subsequent crack growth occurs through a material with :gnificant residual stresses and strains. In this work, fatigue ack propagation experiments, including the initiation phase, ave been performed on a single edge notched specimen under train controlled conditions. The test results are compared to -acture mechanics analyses using the linear AK and the non near AJ approaches, and an attempt to quantify the difference 2 terms of a life prediction is made. For the tested notched gemetry, material and strain ranges, the difference in the results using AKeff or ATeff are larger than the scatter seen when fitting the model to the experimental data. The largest differences can be found for short crack lengths, when the cyclic plastic work is the largest. The AJ approach clearly shows better agreement with the experimental results in this regime.
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| 6. |
- Ewest, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Comparison between linear and non-linear fracture mechanics analysis of experimental data for the ductile superalloy Haynes 230
- 2016
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In: Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. - : ASME Press. - 0742-4795 .- 1528-8919. ; 138:6, s. 062101-1-062101-7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- With increasing use of renewable energy sources, an industrial gas turbine is often a competitive solution to balance the power grid. However, life robustness approaches for gas turbine components operating under increasingly cyclic conditions are a challenging task. Ductile superalloys, as Haynes 230, are often used in stationary gas turbine hot parts such as combustors. The main load for such components is due to nonhomogeneous thermal expansion within or between parts. As the material is ductile, there is considerable redistribution of stresses and strains due to inelastic deformations during the crack initiation phase. Therefore, the subsequent crack growth occurs through a material with significant residual stresses and strains. In this work, fatigue crack propagation experiments, including the initiation phase, have been performed on a single edge notched specimen under strain controlled conditions. The test results are compared to fracture mechanics analyses using the linear ΔK and the nonlinear ΔJ approaches, and an attempt to quantify the difference in terms of a life prediction is made. For the tested notched geometry, material, and strain ranges, the difference in the results using ΔKeff or ΔJeff is larger than the scatter seen when fitting the model to the experimental data. The largest differences can be found for short crack lengths, when the cyclic plastic work is the largest. The ΔJ approach clearly shows better agreement with the experimental results in this regime.
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| 7. |
- Ewest, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Fatigue crack propagation in a ductile superalloy at room temperature and extensive cyclic plastic flow
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Fatigue. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 80, s. 40-49
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fatigue crack propagation experiments under both force and displacement control have been performed on the wrought superalloy Haynes 230 at room temperature, using a single edge notched specimen. The force controlled tests are nominally elastic, and the displacement controlled tests have nominally large plastic hysteresis at the beginning of the tests, but saturates towards linear elastic conditions as the crack grows. As some tests are in the large scale yielding regime, a non-linear fracture mechanics approach is used to correlate crack growth rates versus the fracture parameter Delta J. It is shown that crack closure must be accounted for, to correctly model the crack growth seen in all the tests in a unified manner. For the force controlled small scale yielding tests the Newman crack closure model was used. The Newman equation is however not valid for large nominal cyclic plasticity, instead the crack closure in the displacement controlled tests is extracted from the test data. A good agreement between all tests is shown, when closure is accounted for and effective values of Delta J are used.
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| 8. |
- Ewest, Daniel, et al.
(author)
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Isothermal and thermomechanical fatigue crack propagation in both virgin and thermally aged Haynes 230
- 2019
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In: International Journal of Fatigue. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0142-1123 .- 1879-3452. ; 120, s. 96-106
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Fatigue crack propagation tests under both isothermal and non-isothermal thermomechanical fatigue conditions have been performed on wrought Haynes 230, a ductile combustor material. A number of specimens were thermally aged by pre-straining and subsequent furnace exposure for 3000 h at 600 degrees C. The tests were performed both under load and strain control, between room temperature and 600 degrees C. The thermally aged notched specimens show a decrease in the crack initiation life, similar to results previously reported for smooth test specimens at room temperature. For the crack growth rates, the effects of thermal ageing were less pronounced than for crack initiation. Further, the tests have been simulated using the finite element method to calculate the crack driving force, where the plasticity induced crack closure is handled with a full history description. A temperature dependent linear kinematic hardening plasticity law has been adopted for describing the material behaviour between room temperature and 600 degrees C. A post-processing tool was used in which the plasticity induced crack opening level was calculated, followed by a calculation of the effective Delta J range for each crack length. The adopted procedure yields good correlation between the different tests, under both isothermal and non-isothermal conditions.
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| 9. |
- Ewest, Daniel
(author)
-
Modelling and experimental evaluation of non-linear fatigue crack propagation in a ductile superalloy
- 2016
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Fatigue life evaluation is an important part in the design process of an industrial gas turbine. The fatigue life can be divided into crack initiation and crack propagation, and not to address the crack propagation part usually yields a non-conservative and overcomplicated design. Historically a lot of attention has been directed towards the crack initiation, but the crack propagation part in an industrial gas turbine context has not been given the same attention due to limitations in theoretical modelling, lack of test possibilities and that the design requirements have been fulfilled within the initiation life. However, with the need to reduce service down time and to improve performance, the crack propagation life needs to be further accounted for. As an example, cracks that emerge from notches or other stress concentrations grow under non-elastic conditions, which cannot be modelled with linear theories.In this Licentiate of Engineering thesis a non-linear approach is put forward in which the plastic contribution in fatigue crack propagation is addressed and accounted for. The theoretical background is not new, but the finite element implementation done was, to the author knowledge, not available. This numerical post processing tool can calculate the non-linear ΔJ value for an arbitrary 2D-geometry. It was used to produce an expression for a non-linear geometry factor used in a simple expression for estimation of ΔJ in a test evaluation context. Room temperature tests were performed on a single notch specimen, under both displacement and force control. The latter were carried out in order to show the behaviour under small scale yielding conditions, while the displacement controlled testing was to show large scale yielding at the beginning of the tests. It was shown that all the test results could be collected in a Paris law type plot with ΔJ if the crack closure effect is taken into account. Furthermore, a study was performed where both a linear and a non-linear approach are applied on the displacement controlled tests. It was concluded that for the studied test series, the linear fatigue fracture parameter ΔK underestimates the crack growth behaviour if the elasto-plastic stresses from the tests are used, hence yielding non-conservative results.Since this project focuses on non-linear crack propagation at thermo-mechanical conditions a crack length description is put forward, which simplifies and increases the accuracy of crack length measurements in fatigue crack propagation tests. It has also been shown that irrespectively of the crack initiation location in a single edge notch specimen the data fall on one curve, meaning that no care has to be taken regarding this aspect when evaluating crack length with the modified compliance method put forward in Paper III.This Licentiate of Engineering thesis consists of two parts, where Part I gives an introduction to the subject, while Part II consists of three papers.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Thomas, 1991-, et al.
(author)
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Accounting for anisotropic, anisothermal, and inelastic effects in crack initiation lifing of additively manufactured components
- 2023
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In: Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures. - : Wiley. - 8756-758X .- 1460-2695. ; 46:2, s. 396-415
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The crack initiation life of a ductile additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy is studied and modeled for low-cycle fatigue and thermomechanical fatigue conditions up to 600 degrees C. Isothermal experiments were performed on smooth specimens at temperatures up to 600 degrees C with different applied strain ranges. Additionally, thermomechanical fatigue experiments at 100-450 degrees C and 100-600 degrees C were performed on smooth specimens under in-phase and out-of-phase conditions. A life prediction model accounting for the anisotropy was developed, where the temperature cycle is accounted with a Delta T$$ \Delta T $$-functionality, generating good agreements with the experiments. The model was also validated on notched specimens undergoing thermomechanical fatigue conditions at 100-500 degrees C using simplified notch correction methods.
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