| 1. |
- Kontos, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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An Overview of MnAl Permanent Magnets with a Study on Their Potential in Electrical Machines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 13:21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, hard magnetic materials for future use in electrical machines are discussed. Commercialized permanent magnets used today are presented and new magnets are reviewed shortly. Specifically, the magnetic MnAl compound is investigated as a potential material for future generator designs. Experimental results of synthesized MnAl, carbon-doped MnAl and calculated values for MnAl are compared regarding their energy products. The results show that the experimental energy products are far from the theoretically calculated values with ideal conditions due to microstructure-related reasons. The performance of MnAl in a future permanent magnet (PM) generator is investigated with COMSOL, assuming ideal conditions. Simplifications, such as using an ideal hysteresis loop based on measured and calculated saturation magnetization values were done for the COMSOL simulation. The results are compared to those for a ferrite magnet and an NdFeB magnet. For an ideal MnAl hysteresis loop, it would be possible to replace ferrite with MnAl, with a reduced weight compared to ferrite. In conclusion, future work for simulations with assumptions and results closer to reality is suggested.
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| 2. |
- Leijon, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Content validity and feasibility of the BABITT questionnaire : assisted infant toilet training and bowel and bladder function in children
- 2024
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Functional bowel and bladder disorders are prevalent among children. The impact of assisted infant toilet training on the prevalence of childhood bowel and bladder disorders has not previously been investigated. As self-reported bowel and bladder symptoms can be unreliable, robust tools are essential to evaluate interventions. The ROME Foundation offers diagnostic criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders, while the International Children's Continence Society (ICCS) provides definitions for functional bladder disorders. Our research group has launched the BABITT study, a two-armed intervention study to investigate whether assisted infant toilet training reduces the prevalence of functional bowel and bladder disorders.Aim: To construct a questionnaire, assessing bowel and bladder function in children introduced to infant toilet training and to evaluate content validity as well as feasibility.Methods: In three consecutive steps, a web-based questionnaire was developed. In Step 1, the questionnaire was outlined based on literature review and consensus panel discussions. In Step 2, the questionnaire was validated regarding relevance and simplicity by the content validity index (CVI) method. In Step 3, a pilot phase allowed for assessment of feasibility in the clinical study setting.Results: In Step 1, the Rome criteria and ICCS frameworks were selected for primary outcomes. After the final assessment round in Step 2, the i-CVI ranged from 0.88-1.00 in most items, in all domains, for both relevance and simplicity. Generally lower scores on simplicity emphasized revisions of this aspect of the items. In the pilot phase Step 3, respondent burden was analysed and feasibility assessed. The response rate at the 2-months questionnaire was 95% and acceptability of the intervention was satisfactory.Conclusion: A web- based questionnaire for assessment of parent-reported bladder and bowel function in children who are introduced to infant toilet training was developed. The questionnaire emerged as valid and feasible in its context.
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| 3. |
- Leijon, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Freshwater and Lithium from Desalination Powered by Marine Energy Sources
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering. - : International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers. - 1053-5381. ; 30:3, s. 283-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To our knowledge, this paper represents an initial study of a novel concept in freshwater and lithium extraction from desalination powered off-grid by marine renewable energy sources. The project's background is interest in the local supply of lithium for the growing numbers of electric vehicles. The desalination technologies investigated are reverse osmosis and electrodialysis. The collocation of the marine resources, possibly available and future technical solutions, and demands for freshwater and lithium suggest that the proposed system could be interesting to study further.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Leijon, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Marine renewable energy sources for desalination, generating freshwater and lithium
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. - 1098-6189 .- 1555-1792. ; 1, s. 562-568
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel concept is presented on lithium extraction of desalination from marine renewable energy sources. The wave-and marine current energy converters designed at Uppsala University in Sweden are evaluated as potential drivers of desalination processes, off-grid, for both local lithium extraction and freshwater production. Also, aqueous mining for other minerals is briefly discussed. Calculations, estimating the freshwater and lithium production from desalination plants powered by marine renewable energy sources, are presented. It is estimated that a medium-sized desalination plant, producing 7500 m3/day, could also generate 1.28 kg lithium daily, utilizing reverse osmosis desalination and electrodialysis, powered by marine energy converter parks. To the best of our knowledge, this concept has never previously been suggested in literature.
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| 6. |
- Nilsson, Terese, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Bowel and bladder function in infant toilet training (BABITT) - protocol for a randomized, two-armed intervention study
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In the last decades, the average age for toilet training has increased in the western world. It is suggested that the postponed initiation of toilet training is a contributing factor to problems related to bowel and bladder control. Functional gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders are prevalent in childhood, causing suffering in affected children and for their families, and consuming healthcare resources. To evaluate whether assisted infant toilet training can prevent functional gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders in young children, we are conducting a randomized intervention study with a 4-year follow-up. Methods: This randomized two-armed intervention study will include 268 Swedish infants recruited at six child healthcare centers in Region Dalarna located in the central part of Sweden. The intervention entails parents being instructed and practicing assisted infant toilet training with their child. Children are randomized to start assisted infant toilet training at 0-2 months or at 9-11 months of age. The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of assisted infant toilet training initiated at 0-2 months on the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (defined as infant colic, infant dyschezia and/or functional constipation) up to the age of 9 months. Secondary objectives are to evaluate whether assisted toilet training initiated during the first year of life reduce the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (defined as functional constipation, gastrointestinal symptoms and/or stool toileting refusal) and urinary tract disorders (defined as bladder dysfunction and/or urinary tract infections) up to the age of 4 years. Furthermore, infant-to-mother attachment, parental stress, the toilet training process and overall parental experiences will be evaluated/explored. Discussion: This protocol article presents the rationale and design of a randomized two-armed intervention study that will determine the efficacy of assisted infant toilet training on functional gastrointestinal disorders up to the age of 9 months. Furthermore, the study will evaluate whether assisted infant toilet training during the first year of life can prevent functional gastrointestinal and urinary tract disorders in children up to 4 years of age. If effective, assisted infant toilet training could be recommended in child healthcare settings and new evidence-based guidelines on infant toilet training could be implemented.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Fredrik N G, et al.
(författare)
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The Euro and the Nation-State That Never Disappeared: Would Europe Benefit from the Return of National Currencies?
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European Union and the Return of the Nation State. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030350048 ; , s. 165-189
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses the current problems and future prospects of the euro area. The author argues that the problem for the euro area is not the return of the nation-state, but that the nation-states never disappeared. A common currency requires common economic policies, which is largely lacking in the euro area. As a result, large economic and social imbalances have emerged. The chapter examines proposals from the European Commission to increase the level of co-operation to reduce the imbalances. He finds the proposals backward-looking and insufficient. Towards the end of the chapter, the author explores possibility of some countries leaving the euro area. He finds that a friendly divorce is costly in the short term, but likely needed to restore economic balance in the long run. According to the author, a smaller euro area may mean more European co-operation down the line.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bakardjieva Engelbrekt, Antonina, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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What Does the Technological Shift Have in Store for the EU? Opportunities and Pitfalls for European Societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: The European Union and the Technology Shift. - Cham : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9783030636715 - 9783030636722 ; , s. 1-25
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This introductory chapter sheds light on the opportunities and challenges that the digital era has in store for the European Union (EU) at a time when its fundamental values are being called into question by prominent political currents. The chapter sets the scene by an account of how previous periods of technological transformation affected European societies and considers the financial and regulatory resources at the disposal of the EU to manage the technological shift of the 2020s. The chapter introduces the book’s interdisciplinary approach, which offers various disciplinary perspectives on how the technological mega-shift impacts the EU’s ability to meet the multifaceted challenges it is facing. The chapter concludes that decision-makers at the national as well as European levels must be prepared to take a holistic perspective when addressing technological trends and seeking solutions to the problems that arise in the wake of changing economic and political conditions in society.
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| 10. |
- Brokelind, Cécile, et al.
(författare)
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EU Tax Law and The Return of the Nation-State
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European Union and the Return of the Nation State : Interdisciplinary European Studies - Interdisciplinary European Studies. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030350055 - 9783030350048 ; , s. 139-165
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter analyses the European Union’s efforts to counteract the erosion of member states’ corporate tax bases. The author first describes how multinational enterprises, like Apple, have been able to exploit differences between the tax systems in order to pay less taxes. The author then presents the hypothesis that EU member states have managed to defend their interests in protecting their own corporate tax revenues under the pretext of safeguarding national welfare under the mandate of the European Union. However, the Commission’s use of EU rules on state aid to limit tax competition may be viewed as contrary to the Union’s freedom of movement. In view of this trend, the author recommends the EU to agree on a common corporate income tax rule for cross-border transactions reducing member states' initiatives to safeguard their sovereignty through protectionist tax measures.
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