| 1. |
- Antão, Laura H., et al.
(författare)
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Climate change reshuffles northern species within their niches
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 12:6, s. 587-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is a pervasive threat to biodiversity. While range shifts are a known consequence of climate warming contributing to regional community change, less is known about how species’ positions shift within their climatic niches. Furthermore, whether the relative importance of different climatic variables prompting such shifts varies with changing climate remains unclear. Here we analysed four decades of data for 1,478 species of birds, mammals, butterflies, moths, plants and phytoplankton along a 1,200 km high latitudinal gradient. The relative importance of climatic drivers varied non-uniformly with progressing climate change. While species turnover among decades was limited, the relative position of species within their climatic niche shifted substantially. A greater proportion of species responded to climatic change at higher latitudes, where changes were stronger. These diverging climate imprints restructure a full biome, making it difficult to generalize biodiversity responses and raising concerns about ecosystem integrity in the face of accelerating climate change.
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| 2. |
- Leinonen, Päivi H., et al.
(författare)
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Local adaptation in European populations of Arabidopsis lyrata (Brassicaceae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0002-9122 .- 1537-2197. ; 96:6, s. 1129-1137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied local adaptation to contrasting environments usingan organism that is emerging as a model for evolutionary plantbiology—the outcrossing, perennial herb Arabidopsis lyratasubsp. petraea (Brassicaceae). With reciprocal transplant experiments,we found variation in cumulative fitness, indicating adaptivedifferentiation among populations. Nonlocal populations didnot have significantly higher fitness than the local population.Experimental sites were located in Norway (alpine), Sweden (coastal),and Germany (continental). At all sites after one year, thelocal population had higher cumulative fitness, as quantifiedby survival combined with rosette area, than at least one ofthe nonlocal populations. At the Norwegian site, measurementswere done for two additional years, and fitness differencespersisted. The fitness components that contributed most to differencesin cumulative fitness varied among sites. Relatively small rosettearea combined with a large number of inflorescences producedby German plants may reflect differentiation in life history.The results of the current study demonstrate adaptive populationdifferentiation in A. lyrata along a climatic gradient in Europe.The studied populations harbor considerable variation in severalcharacters contributing to adaptive population differentiation.The wealth of genetic information available makes A. lyrataa highly attractive system also for examining the functionaland genetic basis of local adaptation in plants.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Quilot-Turion, Bénédicte, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic changes in flowering and morphology in response to adaptation to a high-latitude environment in Arabidopsis lyrata
- 2013
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Ingår i: Annals of Botany. - : Oxford University Press. - 0305-7364 .- 1095-8290. ; 111:5, s. 957-968
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims The adaptive plastic reactions of plant populations to changing climatic factors, such as winter temperatures and photoperiod, have changed during range shifts after the last glaciation. Timing of flowering is an adaptive trait regulated by environmental cues. Its genetics has been intensively studied in annual plants, but in perennials it is currently not well characterized. This study examined the genetic basis of differentiation in flowering time, morphology, and their plastic responses to vernalization in two locally adapted populations of the perennial Arabidopsis lyrata: (1) to determine whether the two populations differ in their vernalization responses for flowering phenology and morphology; and (2) to determine the genomic areas governing differentiation and vernalization responses.Methods Two A. lyrata populations, from central Europe and Scandinavia, were grown in growth-chamber conditions with and without cold treatment. A QTL analysis was performed to find genomic regions that interact with vernalization.Key Results The population from central Europe flowered more rapidly and invested more in inflorescence growth than the population from alpine Scandinavia, especially after vernalization. The alpine population had consistently a low number of inflorescences and few flowers, suggesting strong constraints due to a short growing season, but instead had longer leaves and higher leaf rosettes. QTL mapping in the F2 population revealed genomic regions governing differentiation in flowering time and morphology and, in some cases, the allelic effects from the two populations on a trait were influenced by vernalization (QTL × vernalization interactions).Conclusions The results indicate that many potentially adaptive genetic changes have occurred during colonization; the two populations have diverged in their plastic responses to vernalization in traits closely connected to fitness through changes in many genomic areas.
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