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| 2. |
- van Hullebusch, Eric D., et al.
(författare)
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Methodological approaches for fractionation and speciation to estimate trace element bioavailability in engineered anaerobic digestion ecosystems: An overview
- 2016
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Ingår i: Critical reviews in environmental science and technology. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC. - 1064-3389 .- 1547-6537. ; 46:16, s. 1324-1366
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal supply of trace elements (TE) is a prerequisite for microbial growth and activity in anaerobic digestion (AD) bioprocesses. However, the required concentrations and ratios of essential TE for AD biotechnologies strongly depend on prevailing operating conditions as well as feedstock composition. Furthermore, TE in AD bioreactors undergo complex physicochemical reactions and may be present as free ions, complex bound or as precipitates depending on pH, or on the presence of sulfur compounds or organic macromolecules. To overcome TE deficiency, various commercial mineral products are typically applied to AD processes. The addition of heavy metals poses the risk of overdosing operating systems, which may be toxic to microbial consortia and ultimately the environment. Adequate supplementation, therefore, requires appropriate knowledge not only about the composition, but also on the speciation and bioavailability of TE. However, very little is yet fully understood on this specific issue. Evaluations of TE typically only include the measurement of total TE concentrations but do not consider the chemical forms in which TE exist. Thus detailed information on bioavailability and potential toxicity cannot be provided. This review provides an overview of the state of the art in approaches to determine bioavailable TE in anaerobic bioprocesses, including sequential fractionation and speciation techniques. Critical aspects and considerations, including with respect to sampling and analytical procedures, as well as mathematical modeling, are examined. The approaches discussed in this review are based on our experiences and on previously published studies in the context of the COST Action 1302: European Network on Ecological Roles of Trace Metals in Anaerobic Biotechnologies.
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- Guillén, Sergio, et al.
(författare)
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IoT European Large-Scale Pilots – Integration, Experimentation and Testing
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cognitive Hyperconnected Digital Transformation. - New York : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 221-282
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IoT European Large-Scale Pilots Programme includes the innovation consortia that are collaborating to foster the deployment of IoT solutions in Europe through the integration of advanced IoT technologies across the value chain, demonstration of multiple IoT applications at scale and in a usage context, and as close as possible to operational conditions.The programme projects are targeted, goal-driven initiatives that propose IoT approaches to specific real-life industrial/societal challenges. They are autonomous entities that involve stakeholders from the supply side to the demand side, and contain all the technological and innovation elements, the tasks related to the use, application and deployment as well as the development, testing and integration activities.This chapter describes the IoT Large Scale Pilot Programme initiative together with all involved actors. These actors include the coordination and support actions CREATE-IoT and U4IoT, being them drivers of the programme, and all five IoT Large-Scale Pilot projects, namely ACTIVAGE, IoF2020, MONICA, SynchroniCity and AUTOPILOT.ot projects, namely ACTIVAGE,IoF2020, MONICA, SynchroniCity and AUTOPILOT.
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| 5. |
- Hedwig, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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From Trace to Pure : Pilot-Scale Scandium Recovery from TiO2 Acid Waste
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scandium (Sc), declared a critical raw material in the European Union (EU), could face further supply issues as the EU depends almost entirely on imports from China, Russia, and Ukraine. In this study, a tandem nanofiltration-solvent extraction procedure for Sc recovery from titania (TiO2) acid waste was piloted and then augmented by antisolvent crystallization. The new process, comprising advanced filtration (hydroxide precipitation, micro-, ultra-, and nanofiltration), solvent extraction, and antisolvent crystallization, was assessed in relation to material and energy inputs and benchmarked on ScF3 production. From ∼1 m3 of European acid waste containing traces of Sc (81 mg L–1), ∼13 g of Sc (43% yield, nine stages) was recovered as (NH4)3ScF6 with a purity of approximately 95%, demonstrating the technical feasibility of the approach. The production costs per kilogram of ScF3 were lower than reported market prices, which underscores a competitive process at scale. Although a few technical bottlenecks (e.g., S/L separation and electricity consumption) need to be overcome, combining advanced filtration with solvent extraction and antisolvent crystallization promises a future supply of this critical raw material from European secondary sources.
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| 6. |
- Lenz, Tobias L., et al.
(författare)
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Widespread non-additive and interaction effects within HLA loci modulate the risk of autoimmune diseases
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Macmillan Publishers Ltd.. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47:9, s. 1085-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes confer substantial risk for autoimmune diseases on a log-additive scale. Here we speculated that differences in autoantigen-binding repertoires between a heterozygote's two expressed HLA variants might result in additional non-additive risk effects. We tested the non-additive disease contributions of classical HLA alleles in patients and matched controls for five common autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (n(cases) = 5,337), type 1 diabetes (T1D; n(cases) = 5,567), psoriasis vulgaris (n(cases) = 3,089), idiopathic achalasia (n(cases) = 727) and celiac disease (ncases = 11,115). In four of the five diseases, we observed highly significant, non-additive dominance effects (rheumatoid arthritis, P = 2.5 x 10(-12); T1D, P = 2.4 x 10(-10); psoriasis, P = 5.9 x 10(-6); celiac disease, P = 1.2 x 10(-87)). In three of these diseases, the non-additive dominance effects were explained by interactions between specific classical HLA alleles (rheumatoid arthritis, P = 1.8 x 10(-3); T1D, P = 8.6 x 10(-27); celiac disease, P = 6.0 x 10(-100)). These interactions generally increased disease risk and explained moderate but significant fractions of phenotypic variance (rheumatoid arthritis, 1.4%; T1D, 4.0%; celiac disease, 4.1%) beyond a simple additive model.
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