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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Langlois, M. R., et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying atherogenic lipoproteins for lipid-lowering strategies: Consensus-based recommendations from EAS and EFLM
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 58:4, s. 496-517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The joint consensus panel of the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) and the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) recently addressed present and future challenges in the laboratory diagnostics of atherogenic lipoproteins. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), LDL cholesterol (LDLC), and calculated non-HDLC (=total - HDLC) constitute the primary lipid panel for estimating risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and can be measured in the nonfasting state. LDLC is the primary target of lipid-lowering therapies. For on-treatment follow-up, LDLC shall be measured or calculated by the same method to attenuate errors in treatment decisions due to marked between-method variations. Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]-cholesterol is part of measured or calculated LDLC and should be estimated at least once in all patients at risk of ASCVD, especially in those whose LDLC declines poorly upon statin treatment. Residual risk of ASCVD even under optimal LDL-lowering treatment should be also assessed by non-HDLC or apolipoprotein B (apoB), especially in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertriglyceridemia (2-10 mmol/L). Non-HDLC includes the assessment of remnant lipoprotein cholesterol and shall be reported in all standard lipid panels. Additional apoB measurement can detect elevated LDL particle (LDLP) numbers often unidentified on the basis of LDLC alone. Reference intervals of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins are reported for European men and women aged 20-100 years. However, laboratories shall flag abnormal lipid values with reference to therapeutic decision thresholds. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2019.
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- Botteldooren, D, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental investigation of noise annoyance caused by high-speed trains.
- 2005
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Ingår i: ICSV 2005–Twelfth International Congress on Sound and Vibration. - : IIAV/CAPS-IST, Lissabon.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The difference in perceived noise annoyance caused by train and highway noise at the same averaged noise level, has led to the introduction of the ’railway bonus’. This bonus has found its way to the noise legislation in many countries, leading to more relaxed restrictions on time averaged noise levels, LAeq. With the introduction of high-speed trains and train-like transportation systems based on magnetic levitation, the question has risen whether the railway bonus can still be applied. The paper reports on an experiment that was conducted to answer this question. The experiment that was performed was different from previous efforts in many ways. Most importantly, the experiment was conducted in a realistic setting, a holiday cottage, and participants were asked to engage in light daily activities such as reading a magazine during the tests. Traffic noise was reproduced in an ecologically valid way, using outdoor loudspeakers. Every ten minutes the participants were asked to judge noise annoyance. At the beginning of the experiment and after about 1.5 hours the participants were also asked to rate a set of 7 master scaling sounds. After this experiment, a more conventional listening test was conducted using 45-s excerpts. The experiment was also unique in the way that 100 participants were selected to be representative for the Dutch population. The selection procedure involved careful screening based on a survey that was administered at the doorstep of 1500 persons’ homes.
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- Botteldooren, D., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the role of attention in the assessment of environmental noise annoyance
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem (ICBEN), Foxwoods, CT, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Community noise effects in general and noise annoyance in particular are mostly studied by relating them to exposure through blind statistical analyses of large datasets. This paper reports on a specific part of a quite different approach. using mathematical simulation of basic perception and psychophysical mechanisms for a large synthetic population. Insight is sought into the mechanisms underlying the emergence of noise effects. This is achieved by comparing–in a phenomenological way–the statistics of the data gathered from the simulated synthetic population in that of the real population. This paper focuses on modeling the role of attention. Attention could play a role in two distinct aspects of the process: firstly, attention can be drawn away from other tasks by the environmental sound or tasks requiring sustained attention can suppress the noticing of the environmental sound; secondly, attention can jump between sounds in multisource sonic environments. In modeling this dual role of attention, care must be taken to simplify existing knowledge on theses aspects of perception in such a way that the model can be used to study long exposure times and large populations. Such modeling may support the assessment of real life situation where multiple environmental sounds interfere and cause noise annoyance. Example simulations involving exposure to railway noise, road traffic noise, and natural sound produced by the individual's own activity show the influence of attention on the model outcome.
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- Botteldooren, D, et al.
(författare)
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Perceived Noise Annoyance Caused by Maglev Trains. Management Summary.
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The annoyance impact in realistic settings of traffic noise was assessed for one, two or four train passages, primarily high-speed trains, or continuous road traffic noise. An innovative system for selecting representative participants from the Dutch population was implemented, as regards a number of critical variables (age, gender, level of education, noise sensitivity, reported anxiety, home exposure to train and road traffic noise, general quality of living environment, and general health). In total, 1500 candidate participants responded to the specifically constructed questionnaire with items from a nation-wide Dutch survey and the Eurobarometer. Participants with typical Dutch response profile were recruited on a first come, first serve basis (in total 80 plus 21 extra persons. In the experiment, 5-7 participants were seated to be relaxed and to be reading a magazine or newspaper. The were served refreshments. Traffic noise was reproduced in outdoor loudspeakers in an ecologically valid way. Every 10 min, participants were asked to assess noise annoyance. At the beginning and at brief intervals during the experiment, participants assessed the annoyance of a set of 7 reference sounds utilized for master scaling. At the same average façade exposure, no significant annoyance difference was neither found for Maglev and TGV, nor for conventional trains and the high-speed trains (only tested up to 65 dBA). The latter result contradicts Vos et al.’s earlier findings. Neugebauer at al.’s results fall within the spread in annoyance values due to distance to the track and vehicle speed that we observed. Field surveys have shown that for the same average sound level, railway noise evokes less annoyance than dense road traffic noise, at least for a certain interval of levels. Although our experiment included several of the factors that may contribute to this effect, we were unable to observe this kind of effect, except for the case when the sounds were recorded at a distance of more than 100 m.
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- Dzhambov, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Protective effect of restorative possibilities on cognitive function and mental health in children and adolescents: A scoping review including the role of physical activity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 233
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The exposome approach can be a powerful tool for understanding the intertwining of social, physical, and internal influences that shape mental health and cognitive development throughout childhood. To distil conceptual models for subsequent analyses, the EU-funded project Early Environmental quality and Life-course mental health effects (Equal-Life) has conducted literature reviews on potential mediators linking the expo some to these outcomes. We report on a scoping review and a conceptual model of the role of restorative possibilities and physical activity. Methods Peer-reviewed studies published since the year 2000 in English, on the association between the exposome and mental health/cognition in children/adolescents, and quantitatively investigating restoration/restorative quality as a mediating variable were considered. Database searches were last updated in December 2022. We used an unstructured expert-driven approach to fill in gaps in the reviewed literature.Results Five records of three distinct studies were identified, indicating a scarcity of empirical evidence in this newly developing research area. Not only were these studies few in numbers, but also cross-sectional, lending only tentative support to the idea that perceived restorative quality of adolescent's living environment might mediate the association between greenspace and mental health. Physical activity emerged as a mediator leading to better psychological outcomes in restorative environments. We provide a critical discussion of potential caveats when investigating the restoration mechanism in children and propose a hierarchical model including restoration, physical activity, and relational dynamics between children and their environment, including social context, as well as restorative environments other than nature.Conclusions It is justified to further explore the role of restoration and physical activity as mediators in the association between early-life exposome and mental health/cognitive development. It is important to consider the child perspective and specific methodological caveats. Given the evolving conceptual definitions/operationalizations, Equal-Life will attempt to fill in a critical gap in the literature.
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