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- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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- Mavaddat, N, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, natural menopause, and breast cancer risk: an international prospective cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers
- 2020
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Ingår i: Breast cancer research : BCR. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-542X. ; 22:1, s. 8-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe effect of risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) on breast cancer risk forBRCA1andBRCA2mutation carriers is uncertain. Retrospective analyses have suggested a protective effect but may be substantially biased. Prospective studies have had limited power, particularly forBRCA2mutation carriers. Further, previous studies have not considered the effect of RRSO in the context of natural menopause.MethodsA multi-centre prospective cohort of 2272BRCA1and 1605BRCA2mutation carriers was followed for a mean of 5.4 and 4.9 years, respectively; 426 women developed incident breast cancer. RRSO was modelled as a time-dependent covariate in Cox regression, and its effect assessed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.ResultsThere was no association between RRSO and breast cancer forBRCA1(HR = 1.23; 95% CI 0.94–1.61) orBRCA2(HR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.62–1.24) mutation carriers. ForBRCA2mutation carriers, HRs were 0.68 (95% CI 0.40–1.15) and 1.07 (95% CI 0.69–1.64) for RRSO carried out before or after age 45 years, respectively. The HR forBRCA2mutation carriers decreased with increasing time since RRSO (HR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.26–0.99 for 5 years or longer after RRSO). Estimates for premenopausal women were similar.ConclusionWe found no evidence that RRSO reduces breast cancer risk forBRCA1mutation carriers. A potentially beneficial effect forBRCA2mutation carriers was observed, particularly after 5 years following RRSO. These results may inform counselling and management of carriers with respect to RRSO.
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- Spyrogianni, A, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative analysis of the deposited nanoparticle dose on cell cultures by optical absorption spectroscopy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1748-6963 .- 1743-5889. ; 11:19, s. 2483-2496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The delivered nanoparticle dose to cells in vitro may depend on nanoparticle sedimentation rate. Here, the conditions under which optical absorption spectroscopy can be used to quantify the deposited nanoparticle dose in vitro are investigated. Materials & methods: Nanoparticle cytotoxicity in both upright and inverted cell culture orientations is studied in the presence and absence of serum. Results: Dissolvable nanoparticles, such as ZnO, exhibit no difference in upright and inverted cultures due to dissolved Zn2+ ions that dominate cytotoxicity. Insoluble nanoparticles, however, exhibit different sedimentation rates and deposited doses that are linked to the observed cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The combined use of upright–inverted cell orientations and optical absorption spectroscopy can provide a simple experimental approach to interpret in vitro nano–biointeractions.
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