| 1. |
- Bergström, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Report of the ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea (WGIAB)
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ICES/HELCOM Working Group on Integrated Assessments of the Baltic Sea(WGIAB) was established in 2007 as a forum for developing and combining ecosystembasedmanagement efforts for the Baltic Sea. The group intends to serve as a scientificcounterpart and support for the ICES Baltic Fisheries Assessment Working Group(WGBFAS) as well as for efforts and projects related to Integrated Ecosystem Assessments(IEA) within ICES and HELCOM. The group works in cooperation with similargroups within the ACOM/SCICOM Steering Group on Integrated Ecosystem Assessments(SSGIEA).The 2015 WGIAB meeting was held in Cádiz, Spain, from 9–13 March, back-to-backwith the meeting of its counterpart in the Working Group on Ecosystem Assessmentof Western European Shelf Seas (WGEAWESS). The meetings had joint sessions as wellas WG specific work, and some participants effectively participated in both meetings.The WGIAB meeting was attended by 27 participants from nine countries. The meetingwas chaired by Christian Möllmann, Germany, Laura Uusitalo, Finland and Lena Bergström,Sweden.This was the last year of the ongoing three-year Terms of Reference (ToR) for WGIAB.The main working activities in 2015 were to i) conduct studies on Baltic Sea ecosystemfunctioning with the goal to publish case studies from different parts of the Baltic Seain peer-reviewed journals, ii) work on the demonstration exercise to develop ecosystem-based assessment and advice for Baltic fish stocks focusing on cod (DEMO) withmultiple approaches, iii) plan further how to integrate the social and economic aspectsmore tightly in the WGIAB work, and iv) discuss the future focus and format of theWGIAB work.The Baltic ecosystem functioning activity focused on identifying and exploring keytrends and linkages in the Baltic Sea foodweb. This was pursued by presentation andfurther discussion of ongoing intersessional work on foodweb modelling and integratedanalyses, and by exercises to develop conceptual models Baltic Sea foodwebsand the links to ecosystem function. Long-term monitoring datasets on the abiotic andbiotic parts of the Baltic Sea Proper ecosystem were updated for use in the continuedwork to develop environmental indicators for fisheries and marine management.The focus of the DEMO 3 (DEMOnstration exercise for Integrated Ecosystem Assessmentand Advice of Baltic Sea cod) was on finding a way to use the results from theDEMO1 and DEMO2 workshops in short and midterm projections/scenarios of Balticcod dynamics based on different types of modelling, as well as designing methodologyand modelling data for practical implementation of Integrated Advice for Baltic cod.The WGIAB was positively inclined towards including social and economic aspectsinto the integrated assessment. Openings to this path were provided by presentationon ongoing project work, and discussing their linkages to ecological aspects. It wasseen as crucial that experts on social and economic analysis should be included andtake an active part in the future work of the group.The group concluded that its upcoming work should focus more closely on functionaldiversity, which was identified as a recurring issue in the Baltic Sea. This approach wasalso identified as a useful connection point between scientific and management aspectsin order for the group to continue serving as a forum for developing ecosystem-basedmanagement efforts in the Baltic Sea. A focus on functional diversity was also seen as2 | ICES WGIAB REPORT 2015a potentially feasible way of bringing together management aspects for different sectors,by linking to ecosystem services concepts.The group proposed Saskia Otto, Germany and Martin Lindegren, Denmark as newincoming Chairs, together with Lena Bergström, Sweden and Laura Uusitalo, Finland.Having four Chairs is justified due to the wide scope of the group's work, as well asthe increased work load due to the planned new foci.
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| 2. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Volatile metabolites from microorganisms grown on humid building materials and synthetic media
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Monitoring. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1464-0325 .- 1464-0333. ; 4:5, s. 667-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Growth of different microorganisms is often related to dampness in buildings. Both fungi and bacteria produce complicated mixtures of volatile organic compounds that include hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones, sulfur- and nitrogen-containing compounds etc. Microbially produced substances are one possible explanation of odour problems and negative health effects in buildings affected by microbial growth. A mixture of five fungi, Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis and Wallemia sebi were grown on three different humid building materials (pinewood, particle board and gypsum board) and on one synthetic medium. Six different sampling methods were used, to be able to collect both non-reactive volatile organic compounds and reactive compounds such as volatile amines, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. Analysis was performed using gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and ion chromatography, mass spectrometry was used for identification of compounds. The main microbially produced metabolites found on pinewood were ketones (e.g. 2-heptanone) and alcohols (e.g. 2-methyl-1-propanol). Some of these compounds were also found on particle board, gypsum board and the synthetic medium, but there were more differences than similarities between the materials. For example, dimethoxymethane and 1,3,5-trioxepane and some nitrogen containing compounds were found only on particle board. The metabolite production on gypsum board was very low, although some terpenes (e.g. 3-carene) could be identified as fungal metabolites. On all materials, except gypsum board, the emission of aldehydes decreased during microbial growth. No low molecular weight carboxylic acids were identified.
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| 3. |
- Claeson, Anna-Sara, 1974-
(författare)
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Volatile organic compounds from microorganisms : identification and health effects
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Damp building materials are subjected to degradation processes due to moisture and also microbial growth, with both of these giving rise to emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may contribute to indoor air health problems. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate emissions of reactive and non-reactive VOCs from damp building materials and from the microorganisms growing on them, and also to investigate the possible health impact of these compounds. Three studies were carried out in order to study emissions of VOCs. The first investigated emissions from a mixture of five fungi (Aspergillus versicolor, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis and Wallemia sebi) and the second emissions from the bacterium Streptomyces albidoflavus. In both studies the microorganisms were cultivated on three different building materials (pine wood, particle board and gypsum board) and one synthetic media, MEA and TGEA respectively. The bacterium was also cultivated on sand. Air samples from the cultures were collected on six different adsorbents and chemosorbents to sample a wide range of compounds such as VOCs, aldehydes, amines and light-weight organic acids. The samples were analyzed with gas chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography and ion chromatography. Mass spectrometry was used for identification of the compounds. Alcohols and ketones were the predominant compound groups identified. The bacterial culture growing on TGEA emitted ammonia, methylamine, diethylamine and ethylamine. The third study dealt with secondary emissions collected from buildings with moisture and mould problems. Samples were taken when the materials were dry and also after they had been wet for a week. Most alcohols and ketones could be identified from the wet materials. Trimethylamine and triethylamine, were identified from sand contaminated by Bacillus. One study looked at the development of a method for analysis of primary and secondary amines with LC-MS/MS. A three-step process was developed, with the first step screening the samples for NIT derivatives with selected reaction monitoring, SRM. In the second step a precursor ion scan gave the [M+H]+ ion, and the last step involved fragmentation with a product ion scan. It was possible to separate and identify all the investigated amines, which showed that the method was both specific and selective and therefore well suited for the analysis of amines in complex environments. The last study comprised two exposure studies. In study 1 each participant took part in two exposure conditions, one with air from mouldy building materials and one with blank air for a 60 minute period. In study 2 each participant was exposed four times (for a period of 10 min) at random to air from mouldy building materials and blank air, with and without nose-clip. The participants rated air quality and symptoms before, during and after each exposure. Exposure to moderate VOC levels resulted in reports of perceived poor air quality, but no such results were received when exposing the participants to low VOC levels.
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| 4. |
- Eriksson, Jenny, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Utredning av mål för ökad cykling i Sverige : ett regeringsuppdrag
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det finns idag inget definierat nationellt mål för ökad cykling i Sverige. VTI fick i uppdrag av regeringen att ta fram detta. I uppdraget ingår att ta fram en målstruktur och föreslå indikatorer och system för uppföljning. Vi har inhämtat kunskap genom litteraturstudier, en workshop, en enkätundersökning samt genom egna analyser av data från nationella resvaneundersökningar. Vi har avgränsat definitionen av cykling till att omfatta färd med trampcykel med eller utan elassistans – i dagligt tal ”vanlig” cykel och elcykel. Enkelt uttryckt ska cyklandet fördubblas till 2035 och mer specifikt föreslår vi följande mål, målstruktur och ambitionsnivå: • Övergripande mål: Cyklingen i hela Sverige ska öka så att tillgängligheten förbättras, folkhälsan stärks och klimat- och miljöpåverkan minskar. • Etappmål 1: Cykelresornas andel av det totala antalet resor i Sverige ska öka till 20 procent år 2030 och till 26 procent år 2035, utan att andelen gång- eller kollektivtrafikresande minskar. • Etappmål 2: Cykelresornas andel av det totala persontransportarbetet i Sverige ska öka till 3 procent till 2035, utan att gång- eller kollektivtrafiken minskar. • Delmål 1: Cykelresornas andel av det totala antalet resor i Sverige kortare än 10 km, ska öka till 30 procent år 2030 och till 45 procent år 2035, utan att andelen gång- eller kollektivtrafik[1]resande minskar. • Delmål 2: Cykelresornas andel av det totala antalet resor för barn i grundskoleåldern i Sverige ska öka till 40 procent år 2030 och till 50 procent år 2035, utan att andelen gångresor minskar. Därutöver har vi föreslagit sju indikatorer med tillhörande mått som kan kopplas till ovanstående målförslag. Den nationella resvaneundersökningen kan användas för uppföljning av målen och Nationella cykelrådets sammanställning ”Nationellt cykelbokslut” kan med fördel användas för uppföljningen av indikatorerna.
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| 5. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Levin, Jan-Olov, et al.
(författare)
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Delprogrammet cancerframkallande ämnen i tätortsluft, personlig exponering och bakgrundsmätningar. : Utveckling av metoder för personburen mätning av PAH.
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna studie har olika metoder för analys av partikulära polycykliska aromatiska kolväten (PAH) efter provtagning på filter utvärderats. Två metoder för ultraljudsextraktion, ett traditionellt ultraljudsvattenbad samt en ultraljudsextraktor specialdesignad för PAH-extraktion (Sonicator) samt två olika analysmetoder gaskromatografi-masspektrometri (GC/MS) och vätskekromatografi med fluorescensdetaktion (LC/Fluo) har studerats. För testerna användes bl.a certifierade referensmaterial av typen Urban Dust och Fly Ash. Sonicatorn gav för Urban Dust en avvikelse på mellan 5-35 % med GC/MS-analys och med LC/Fluo-analys var avvikelsen endast 3 % från det certifierade värdet. För extraktion av Fly Ash med Sonicatorn var avvikeslen <10 % med GC/MS-metoden medan LC/Fluo-metoden endast var ca 30 % av det certifierade värdet, vilket inte är acceptabelt. Extraktion med traditionellt ultraljudsvattenbad följt av LC/Fluo-analys gav för Urban Dust en avvikelse på ca 32%. Filterprover tagna i stadsmiljö analyserade med bägge metoderna gav likvärdiga resultat för B[a]P oberoende av analysmetod. Studien visar att båda analysmetoderna är användbara för mätningar där dammet är av typen Urban Dust, dvs. från utomhus- och tätortsmiljöer. I denna studie har fokus legat på analys av högmolekylära, partikulära PAH-komponenter och då framför allt B[a]P. Förutom B[a]P kan flertalet andra PAH-komponenter analyseras med bägge metoderna, dock har i detta projekt endast B[a]P studerats med LC-fluo-metoden eftersom detta ämne är prioriterat i EU-direktiven. En stor fördel med LC/Fluo-metoden är att den inte kräver lika omfattande provupparbetning före analys. LC/Fluo-metoden har något bättre känslighet, men bägge metoderna är tillräckligt känsliga för dessa analyser. Det är viktigt att påpeka att PAH i allmänluften domineras av PAH med 3-4 ringar dvs PAH som finns i gasfas. PAH-komponenterna fenantren, pyren och fluoranten är till 80-90% i gas fas vid 20°C. Vill man mäta sanna halter av PAH i både gasfas och partikelfas måste någon form av denuder eller motsvarande provtagningsmetod användas. För att få en bra uppfattning om totala mängden gas + partiklar och en ungefärlig uppfattning om fördelning gas/partiklar kan en enkel uppsättning av 13-mm-filter av glasfiber i kombination med adsorbentrör med XAD-2 användas [9-10]. Denna provtagningsutrustning är lättanvänd för personburna mätningar där man inte specifikt behöver mäta PM2,5 och kan användas både för GC-MS-analys och LC-Fluo-analys [9-10]. Ett intressant alternativ för att mäta gasfas-PAH är passiva provtagningstekniker som PUF (polyurethane foam disks) och SPMDs (semipermeable membrane devices) som idag används som tidsintegrerade (2-6 veckor) semikvantitativa provtagare i olika miljöövervakningsprogram för gasfas PAH både i Europa och globalt [11-13]. Det är därför viktigt att också utveckla och validera enkla och billiga metoder och gärna diffusionsprovtagare för att kunna mäta gasfas-PAH både stationärt och personburet. Lagring av prover testades inte i denna studie. Vid långtidslagring kan det vara viktigt att lagra filtren i kylskåp. PAH-föreningar med 5 eller 6 ringar anses dock vara stabila även vid lagring i rumstemperatur [7]. Sammanfattningsvis har utvärderingen visat att det är möjligt att analysera 8 av de 16 PAH-föreningar som EPA anger på personburna teflonfilter provtagna med PM2.5cykloner. Inom HÄMI-luft programmet kan man därmed vid samma provtagningstillfälle få svar på partikelmassekoncentrationen och koncentrationen av ett flertal svårflyktiga PAH-föreningar, däribland benso(a)pyren.
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| 9. |
- Liljelind, Ingrid E, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of self-assessment and expert assessment of occupational exposure to chemicals
- 2001
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Tyoterveyslaitos, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 27:5, s. 311-317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Occupational assessments of chemical exposure are often inadequate because of difficulties in obtaining sufficient numbers of measurements by trained professionals (experts). The objective of this study was to determine whether workers can provide unbiased data via self-assessments of exposure facilitated by the use of simple passive monitors for personal sampling.METHODS: Untrained workers obtained personal measurements of their exposures to gaseous contaminants (terpenes in sawmills and styrene in reinforced plastics factories) with passive monitors and written instructions. To study the validity of the self-assessments, an occupational hygienist performed exposure measurements on the same occupational groups after the workers had obtained two or more measurements independently. The potential bias of the self-assessments was evaluated by comparing the self-assessments with the expert assessments in mixed-effects statistical models.RESULTS: A total of 153 terpene (97 self and 56 expert) and 216 styrene (159 self and 57 expert) measurements were obtained from four sawmills and six reinforced plastics factories, respectively. No significant differences in the geometric mean exposures were observed between the self-assessments and the expert assessments in 3 of 4 sawmills and 5 of 6 reinforced plastics factories (P > 0.10). The potential bias of the self-assessments of exposure ranged from less than 0.1% to 102% and was less than 17% in 9 of the 10 groups investigated.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that untrained, unsupervised workers are able to collect consistently unbiased exposure data by employing currently available passive monitors.
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| 10. |
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