| 1. |
- Corin, Antonia, et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography evaluation of intra-articular mineralization in feline stifle joints
- 2016
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Ingår i: Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound. - 1058-8183 .- 1740-8261. ; 57, s. 658-658
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- COMPUTEDTOMOGRAPHYEVALUATIONOFINTRA-ARTICULARMINERALIZATIONINFELINESTIFLEJOINTSA.Corin,C.Ley,A.Leijon,C.J.Ley.FromtheDepartmentofClinicalSciences(Corin,Ley)andDepartmentofBiomedicalSciencesandVeterinaryPublicHealth,SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,UppsalaSE-75007,Sweden(Ley,Leijon).Introduction/Purpose:Intra-articularmineralization(IAM)isacommonradiographicfndingincatstifle.TheetiologyofIAMremainsunknown,althoughseveralstudieshaveshownacorrela-tionwithosteoarthritis(OA).Theaimsofthisstudywereto(a)investigatecorrela-ionsbetweenIAMandtheparametersage,sex,catsize,andsesamoidvolumes;(b)investigatepossiblecorrelationsbetweenIAMandOAcartilagelesions;(c)comparethesizeofIAMincomputedtomography(CT)imagesandradiographsofthesamestifle.Methods:Rightstifljointsfrom28cats(16MN,9FN,3F),age1-23years(mean9.9),weight2.1-7.3kg(mean3.9)thatdiedforreasonsunrelatedtothestudywereexaminedpostmortemwithCTandradiography,followedbymacroscopicandmicroscopicevaluationofjointtissues.Femurvolume,IAMvolume,andsesamoidmineralizedtissuevolumesweremeasuredinCTimages.Intra-articularmineralizationareawasmeasuredinmediolateralprojectionradiographsandcategorizedaccordingtoapublishedstudy.1Allmeasurementsweredonebyoneauthor(C.J.L.).ThearticularcartilagewasgradedforpresenceofOAlesionsbytwoauthors(C.L.,A.L.)usingconsensusandwithlightmicroscopyhistology.OsteoarthritisgradeswerecomparedwiththepresenceandvolumeofIAMinCTimages.Regressionanalysis,t-tests,andFisherexacttestswereusedandvaluesofP<0.05wereconsideredsignificantResults:In13of28jointsIAMweredetectedandallexceptonewerelocatedwithinthemedialmeniscus.Whenmeasuredinradiographs11of13IAMweresmall(<2.25mm2),twowereintermediate,andnoIAMwerelarge(>6.25mm2).Osteoarthritiswasdetectedin26jointsandofthese13hadminimalOA,11hadmildOA,andtwohadmoderateOA.NosignificancorrelationwasfoundbetweenIAMandgradeofOAcartilagelesions,femurvolume,lateralfabellavolume,poplitealsesamoidvolume,patellavolume,sex,orageofthecats.Themedialfabellawasmineralizedin16cats,eightofwhichhadIAM.ThemedialfabellawassignificantllargerincatswithIAM.AreaofIAMinradiographshadsignificancorrelationswithCTvolumemeasurements.Discussion/Conclusions:Intra-articularmineralizationswerenotaconsistentfindininstifljointswithminimal,mild,andmoderateOAcartilagelesions.SmallmineralizationsinthefelinemedialmeniscusmaydevelopforreasonsotherthanOAandsmallIAMareunlikelytobeareliableindicationoffelinestiflOA.ThereasonforcatswithIAMhavinglargermineralizedmedialfabellaisnotclear.ItseemsreasonabletousemeasurementsfrommediolateralprojectionradiographstoestimateIAMsizeinfelinestifljoints.References:1.VossK,etal.JFelineMedSurg2015;Epubaheadofprint.
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| 2. |
- Leijon, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage lesions in feline stifle joints – Associations with articular mineralizations and implications for osteoarthritis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 114, s. 186-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feline stifle osteoarthritis (OA) is common, however little is known about the early stages of the disease. Furthermore, the importance of small articular mineralizations (AMs) in feline stifle OA is controversial. This study aimed to describe microscopic articular cartilage lesions and to investigate associations between cartilage lesions and AMs, synovitis, osteochondral junction findings and subchondral bone sclerosis. Stifles of 29 cats, aged 1-23 years and euthanized for reasons other than stifle disease, were examined. Osteochondral tissue and synovial membrane changes were histologically evaluated. Computed tomography and radiography were used for evaluation of AMs. Global cartilage scores (GCS, n = 28) were summarized and joints assigned a histologic OA grade. Minimal to mild histologic OA was seen in 24/28 joints. In 27/29 joints tibial cartilage lesions were seen, whereas femoral lesions were only seen in two joints. Articular mineralizations were detected in 13/29 joints, 11 were small and 12 were located entirely within the medial meniscus. There was no association between GCS and presence or volumes of AMs. However, higher GCS was associated with synovitis (P = 0.001) and age (P < 0.0005). Presence of subchondral bone sclerosis (P < 0.0005) and disruption of the calcified cartilage or tidemark (P < 0.0005) were associated with cartilage lesions. We conclude that the tibial articular cartilage is a common location for histologic OA lesions in cats. Synovitis and changes in the subchondral bone and calcified cartilage may be important in the pathogenesis of feline stifle OA, whereas small AMs likely represent incidental findings.
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| 3. |
- Leijon, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological changes of osteoarthritis in feline stifle joints and associations to intra-articular mineralization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 156, s. 83-83
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN FELINE STIFLE JOINTS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTRAARTICULAR MINERALIZATION A. Leijon*, C.J. Ley y , A. Corin y and C. Ley* *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health and y Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in cats. However, there are no detailed histological descriptions of feline stifle OA. Intra-articular mineralization (IAM) is commonly detected in feline stifle radiographs, but the association between small IAMs and feline OA is unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe OA lesions in feline stifle joints and to investigate associations between articular cartilage lesions, synovitis and IAMs. Materials and Methods: The right stifle joints from 29 cats (age 1e23 years, median 9) were examined for IAM using computed tomography and radiography, followed by macro- and microscopical evaluation of joint tissues. Articular cartilage lesions and synovitis were graded histologically. Cartilage lesions were summarized into global joint scores (GJS, n 5 28). Associations between cartilage lesions, synovitis and IAMs were determined. Results: The most frequent location of cartilage lesions was the tibia (27/29 joints), followed by the patella (14/28 joints). The majority of cartilage lesions were low grade. Femoral cartilage lesions (2/29 joints) were only seen in joints with severe tibial cartilage lesions. Synovitis was present in 13/29 joints and always low grade. IAMs were detected in 13 joints, 11 were classified as small. Neither GJS nor synovitis scores were associated with IAMs; however, increased GJS was associated with synovitis (P 5 0.001). Conclusions: OA lesions in the articular cartilage were common and associated with synovitis. Tibial cartilage may represent the most common site for detection of early morphological cartilage changes of feline stifle OA. Lack of association between GJS and IAMs suggests that small IAMs are incidental findings in OAaffected joints.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Acetabular margin changes in feline hip joints-Implications for radiologic diagnosis and development of osteoarthritis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 137, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and early morphological features of feline hip osteoarthritis (OA) are largely unknown. Tears in the acetabular labrum and at the chondrolabral transition zone are suggested to be important in the pathogenesis of human hip OA, but in cats such lesions have not been described. We investigated associations between computed tomography (CT)-detected joint changes and microscopic articular cartilage lesions, the distribution of detected changes, and histologically evaluated the acetabular margin (AM) in hip joints from 20 cats. Histologic evaluation was undertaken on at least one joint from each cat. CT-detected joint changes and articular cartilage lesions were graded and the histological appearance of CT-detected osteophytes evaluated. The majority of CTdetected lesions and cartilage lesions were mild. Whole-joint CT scores and AM osteophyte CT scores showed moderate to strong correlation with cartilage scores. The odds were higher for presence of CT-detected osteophytes in craniodorsal, cranial, cranioventral, ventral and dorsal AM regions. Peripheral acetabular regions showed higher cartilage lesion grades than central regions. Tears, seen as fissures/clefts, in labral and perilabral tissues were common. CT-detected AM osteophytes morphologically presented as pointed sclerotic bone, spurshaped bone or rounded chondro-osteophytes. The results suggest that CT is a valuable tool for diagnosing early feline hip OA. CT-detected osteophytes showed variable histologic morphologies, which may implicate different disease mechanisms and/or disease stages. Tears in the AM could represent an early event in feline hip OA and this warrants further investigation.
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| 6. |
- Ley, Charles, et al.
(författare)
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Computed tomography is superior to radiography for detection of feline elbow osteoarthritis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 140, s. 6-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elbow osteoarthritis (OA) is common in cats and radiography is typically used for diagnosis. However computed tomography (CT), with its multiplanar three-dimensional characteristics, could have significant advantages for assessment of OA compared to radiography, particularly early in the disease process. The study objectives were to compare radiography and CT to histologic OA changes, investigate the stage of OA that radiography and CT detect, and search for specific changes in CT images strongly predictive for feline elbow OA. Right elbows from 29 cats were evaluated by radiography and CT, and articular cartilage lesions graded histologically and macroscopically. Three further joints were sampled to specifically evaluate the morphology of the anconeal process. Macroscopic, radiographic and CT OA diagnosis were compared to the reference standard histologic OA that was divided into mild, moderate and severe. Osteophytic spurs on the lateral margin of the anconeal process could be reliably measured in CT images (intra-class correlation 0.79) and when >= 0.5 mm had high sensitivity for moderate/severe histologic OA, moderate sensitivity for mild histologic OA and high specificity for all stages of OA. In moderate/severe histologic OA both radiography and CT subjective OA diagnosis had moderate to very high sensitivity. However, in mild histologic OA CT grading had low sensitivity and radiography did not detect OA. In conclusion, CT of the feline elbow including measurement of osteophytes on the anconeal process lateral margin is superior to radiography for OA detection and should be considered for OA diagnosis, particularly when mild OA changes are of interest.
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| 7. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of body fat content and osteoarthritis in cats using computed tomography – a novel approach using whole-body imaging
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Supplementum. - 0065-1699. ; 57, s. 9-9
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Evaluation of body fat content and osteoarthritis in cats using computed tomography - a novel approach using whole-body imaging Cecilia Ley1*, Charles J Ley2 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; 2Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden E-mail: cecilia.ley@slu.se Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2015, 57(Suppl 1):P7 Introduction: Development of whole-body multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) methods have the potential to allow investigations into relations between feline osteoarthritis (OA) and obesity. In one MDCT examination all joints in an animal and the total body fat content can be evaluated. However, studies investigating the correlation between presence of joint lesions detected by MDCT and macroscopic evidence of OA are lacking. Objectives: The aims of the study were to evaluate whole-body MDCT for the diagnosis of feline OA, and to utilize a method for whole-body MDCT-based quantitative fat content determination. Methods: MDCT images from 30 cats were evaluated for joint lesions and fat percentages (fat%) were calculated for 14 cats. Body condition scores (BCS) were determined using a nine-grade scale. The shoulder, elbow, antebrachiocarpal, hip, stifle and tarsocrural joints were macroscopically evaluated for presence of cartilage lesions. Associations between MDCT-detected lesions and macroscopic cartilage lesions were investigated, and the correlation between MDCT-fat% and BCS determined. Results: Significant associations between MDCT-detected lesions and macroscopic cartilage lesions were detected in the shoulder (p=0.0002), elbow (p=0.009), and tarsocrural (p=0.004) joints. MDCT estimates of fat% ranged from 13.4-48.6% (median 34%) and the BCS ranged from 2- 8 (median 5). There was significant correlation between fat% and the BCS (p=0.006). Conclusion: Whole-body MDCT is useful for predicting macroscopic cartilage lesions in feline shoulder, elbow and tarsocrural joints and for determination of body fat content. These methods may be valuable for future studies of feline OA and investigations into the possible influence of obesity on OA development.
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| 8. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Falciform fat:femur length ratio provides a novel method for objective postmortem estimation of total body fat in overweight and obese cats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1040-6387 .- 1943-4936. ; 34, s. 237-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determination of the nutritional condition, including estimation of amounts of total body fat (tBF), at routine postmortem examination of cats is typically based on subjective visual assessment. Subjective assessment may result in uncertainties regarding degree of overweight, and objective methods that provide a numerical value reflecting the tBF could be valuable to accurately judge excess body fat. We investigated if the falciform fat pad weight (FFPW) was correlated to tBF and could be used to detect overweight and obesity in cats. The FFPW and the femur length (FL) were recorded at postmortem examination in 54 cats and the FFPW:FL ratio (FFR) calculated. Each cat was additionally assigned to a fat category (FC) according to subjective assessment. Computed tomography was used to determine tBF as the body fat percentage (%BF), the body fat volume (BFV), and BFV normalized to animal size (nBFV) in 39 cats. There was strong correlation between the FFPW and the BFV (r = 0.888) and between the FFR and the nBFV (r = 0.897). The correlation between the nBFV and %BF was very strong (r = 0.974). Using a lower FFR cutoff value of 3.5 for obesity and 1.6 for overweight, there was a discrepancy in FC between using the FFR and subjective assessment in 6 of 54 cats (11%). We conclude that the FFPW increases proportionally with tBF and that the FFR provides a method for objective tBF estimation. We suggest introducing the FFR to feline postmortem examination protocols as an objective estimate of tBF.
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| 9. |
- Strage, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Homeostasis model assessment, serum insulin and their relation to body fat in cats
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Veterinary Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1746-6148. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundObesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and considered a risk factor for diabetes mellitus (DM) in cats. It has been proposed that homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), which is the product of fasting serum insulin (mU/L) and glucose (mmol/L) divided by 22.5, can be used to indicate IR. The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) to evaluate associations between body fat, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR, (ii) to determine population-based reference interval of HOMA-IR in healthy lean cats, and (iii) to evaluate biological variation of HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in cats.Results150 cats were grouped as lean or overweight based on body condition score and in 68 of the cats body fat percentage (BF%) was estimated by computed tomography. Fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations were analysed. Statistical differences in HOMA-IR and insulin between overweight or lean cats were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Robust method with Box-Cox transformation was used for calculating HOMA-IR reference interval in healthy lean cats. Relations between BF% and HOMA-IR and insulin were evaluated by regression analysis. Restricted maximum likelihood ratio was used to calculate indices of biological variation of HOMA-IR and insulin in seven cats.There were significant differences between groups with overweight cats (n = 77) having higher HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001) and insulin (p = 0.0002) than lean cats (n = 73). Reference interval for HOMA-IR in lean cats was 0.1–3.0. HOMA-IR and fasting insulin concentrations showed similar significant positive association with BF% (p = 0.0010 and p = 0.0017, respectively). Within-animal coefficient of variation of HOMA-IR and insulin was 51% and 49%, respectively.ConclusionsHOMA-IR and fasting insulin higher in overweight than lean cats and correlate to BF%. The established population-based reference interval for HOMA-IR as well as the indices of biological variation for HOMA-IR and fasting insulin may be used when interpreting HOMA-IR and fasting insulin in cats. Further studies are needed to evaluate if HOMA-IR or fasting insulin is useful for identifying cats at risk of developing DM.
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| 10. |
- Tengstrand, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Mystery of fatal 'staggering disease' unravelled: novel rustrela virus causes severe meningoencephalomyelitis in domestic cats
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ‘Staggering disease’ is a neurological disease entity considered a threat to European domestic cats (Felis catus) for almost five decades. However, its aetiology has remained obscure. Rustrela virus (RusV), a relative of rubella virus, has recently been shown to be associated with encephalitis in a broad range of mammalian hosts. Here, we report the detection of RusV RNA and antigen by metagenomic sequencing, RT-qPCR, in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in brain tissues of 27 out of 29 cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis and clinical signs compatible with’staggering disease’ from Sweden, Austria, and Germany, but not in non-affected control cats. Screening of possible reservoir hosts in Sweden revealed RusV infection in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). Our work indicates that RusV is the long-sought cause of feline ‘staggering disease’. Given its reported broad host spectrum and considerable geographic range, RusV may be the aetiological agent of neuropathologies in further mammals, possibly even including humans.
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