| 1. |
- Khatibi Esfanjani, Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Does hormone therapy increase allergic reactions and upper gastrointestinal problems?; Results from a population-based study of Swedish woman. The women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4111 .- 0378-5122. ; 48:4, s. 438-445
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To delineate the use of various drugs particularly pertaining to allergy and upper gastrointestinal problems in relation to hormone status in middle aged women. Methods: An analysis from a population-based study on women born between 1935 and 1945 and lived in the Lund area southern Sweden. Of 10766 women, 6917 provided complete data sets; in turn 5673 were assessed for the use of medication in this study. Among the cohort, 9% of women were premenopausal (PM), 54% were postmenopausal without hormone replacement therapy (PM0) and 37% were current hormone replacement therapy users (PMT). Results: There were 7 (1.3%) women in PM, 11 (0.4%) in PMO and 21 (1.0%) in PMT group who used loratadine regularly. There was a significant difference between the PM and PMO groups and also between the PMO and PMT groups in the use of loratadine (P < 0.05). Among 21 loratadine users in PMT group 4 (19%) used transdermal patches and 17 (81%) used oral HRT. The result for omeprazole use was as follows: 4 (0.8%) of PM group, 39 (1.3%) of PMO group and 42 (2.0%) of PMT group. The use of omeprazole was significantly higher in the PMT group than in the PM (P = 0.05) and PMO group (P < 0.05). There was no relation between the use of omeprazole and smoking or alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Use of hormone replacement therapy seems to be related to a higher frequency of omeprazole and loratadine use, which implies that hormone replacement therapy, may be associated with more upper gastrointestinal symptoms as well as allergy. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
|
|
| 2. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Ability of physical activity measurements to assess health-related risks.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5640 .- 0954-3007. ; 63, s. 1448-1451
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is to evaluate if two different physical activity (PA) questionnaires have similar ability to rank individuals, and to examine associations with cardiovascular-metabolic risk factors, compared to an objective measure. In a random sample (n=369, age: 65+/-6 years) from the population-based 'Malmö Diet and Cancer' (MDC) cohort, PA was measured by a leisure-time comprehensive questionnaire (MDC-score), a simple leisure-time questionnaire and by accelerometer-monitoring (CSA). Moderate correlations were observed between MDC-score and CSA in men and women (r=0.35 and 0.24, respectively). In men, both questionnaires and CSA were inversely associated with waist circumference, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. In women, the MDC-score was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and the simple questionnaire inversely associated with anthropometric indexes, but no association was seen between PA estimates and cardiovascular components. We conclude that both PA questionnaires distinguish health risks associated with anthropometric-metabolic risk factors, particularly in men.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 29 July 2009; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2009.69.
|
|
| 3. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Background factors influencing somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women with different hormonal status A population-based study of Swedish women.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Maturitas. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4111 .- 0378-5122. ; 52:3-4, s. 306-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To analyse the influence of socio-demographic characteristics and environmental factors on self-reported somatic and psychological symptoms among middle-aged Swedish women. Methods: A total of 6917 women living in the Lund area of southern Sweden were participates of this study. They completed a generic questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and current health related problems. According to hormonal status, the participants were subdivided into three groups, i.e. premenopause, postmenopause and perior postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Results: By using multiple logistic regression models, a high risk for somatic symptoms was independently associated with unemployment, no exercise, unmarried, high body weight and diseases affecting the cardiovascular system as well as a history of cancer. Psychological symptoms were independently associated with higher educational level, unemployment, no exercise, unmarried, heavy smoking habits (>= 15 cig/day), weight gain and a history of cancer. In addition, the background factors seemed to have less impact on symptoms among women who used HRT. Conclusion: Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and concurrent health problems appear to have influences on the frequency and the number of somatic and psychological symptoms in middle-age women. Hormone replacement therapy seems to be able to counteract negative impacts caused by un-healthy lifestyle and other health problems.
|
|
| 4. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Blood Pressure Control and Risk of Stroke. A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Stroke: a journal of cerebral circulation. - 1524-4628. ; 36:4, s. 725-730
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Purpose— Adequate control of blood pressure (BP) is a cornerstone in stroke prevention. This study explored the risk of stroke in relation to the quality of BP control in a population-based cohort and whether control of hypertension was related to background characteristics of patients. Methods— A total of 27 936 subjects (10 953 men and 16 983 women), 45 to 73 years old, living in Malmö, Sweden participated in the study. Incidence of stroke was followed-up for a mean period of 6 years. Controlled BP was defined as BP <140/90 mm Hg in subjects with pharmacological treatment for hypertension. Results— In the whole cohort, 16 648 subjects (60%) had hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) and 23% of them received treatment. Among treated hypertensives, 88.2% had BP levels ≥140/90 mm Hg and 49.5% had BP levels ≥160/100 mm Hg. During the follow-up, 137 strokes occurred among treated hypertensive subjects. The crude incidence of stroke was 289/100 000 person-year in controlled hypertensive subjects and 705/100 000 person-year in treated hypertensive subjects with BP ≥140/90 mm Hg. It was estimated that {approx}45% of all strokes among subjects with treatment for hypertension might be attributed to uncontrolled BP. In treated hypertensives, the risk of stroke increased significantly with advancing age, current smoking, high level of diastolic BP, and diabetes. In hypertensive subjects without treatment (n=12 819), incidence of stroke was 363/100 000 person-year. Conclusion— Uncontrolled BP is highly prevalent in patients with pharmacological treatment for hypertension. More than 90% of stroke in this group occurred in those with uncontrolled BP. Adequate hypertension control may prevent a substantial proportion of first-ever stroke among treated hypertensives.
|
|
| 5. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of norethisterone acetate addition to estradiol in long term HRT
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Maturitas. - 1873-4111. ; 36:2, s. 139-152
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postmenopausal women living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden and to analyze treatment effects in different types or routes of HRT administration, as well as to compare with unopposed estrogen therapy. METHOD: in an ongoing, large population-based, prospective cohort study, this interim analysis included 3900 women. Of them, 693 postmenopausal women were eligible in the present analyses as they continued to use one of the four commercial HRT products for at least 2-3 years, i.e. continuous oral estradiol (E(2)) 2 mg+norethisterone acetate (NETA) 1 mg (CON-O), sequential oral estradiol 2 mg + norethisterone acetate 1 mg (CYC-O), sequential transdermal estradiol 50 microg + norethisterone acetate 250 microg (CYC-TRANS) and estradiol monotherapy. These women completed one generic questionnaire and one specific 'hormonal' questionnaire, as well as a personal interview pertaining to socio-demographics, detailed status of HRT use, and therapeutic efficacy and untoward side-effects by HRT. RESULTS: comparing the three combined E(2)+NETA groups with E(2) monotherapy, the beneficial effects on sexual desire and emotional well-being were significantly less in the combined groups than in E(2) monotherapy group. There was no significant difference regarding the negative side-effects between the groups. No significant difference was found between CON-O and CYC-O groups either in positive effects or in negative side-effects. A higher prevalence of positive effects was found in CYC-TRANS group than that in CYC-O group, especially in amelioration of sleep and urinary symptoms. Higher odd ratios of negative effects by HRT, such as irregular bleeds, weight gain, food craving and skin disorders were also found in CYC-TRANS group. CONCLUSION: in long-term HRT administration, the addition of a progestogen in HRT could compromise the beneficial effects of estradiol, particularly, the effects on women's emotional well being and psychosexual functioning. Administration of NETA continuously and sequentially had similar therapeutic efficacy and tolerability. More marked positive effects, such as improving of sleep and urinary symptoms, as well as nuisance side-effects, i.e. irregular bleeds, weight gain, food craving and skin disorders were encountered by the women using sequential transdermal regimen
|
|
| 6. |
- Li, Cairu
(författare)
-
Factors of impotance for women's health at midlife with special emphasis on effect by sex steroids
- 2003
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Menopause is not a disease, but may bring about a wide range of health complaints and increase some risks of illnesses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the general health status and influences of background factors on symptomatology among a cohort of Swedish women aged 50-64 years, with specific emphasis on the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by investigating a profile of HRT use, long-term effects of HRT by different tapes and routes of administration as well as clinical and metabolic changes by use of low dose HRT. A total of 6917 out of 10870 women (64%) answered a questionnaire and underwent physical and laboratory examinations. Hot flushes were the predominant complaint and peaked during the first year after menopause (57%). Socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles and concomitant health problems appeared to influence the symptomatology. Psychological problems were abundant in 85% of women, but mood disturbances were not found to have significant relation to menopausal status. The most common somatic symptoms were headache, pain in back and/or leg and joint problems. The prevalence of symptoms differed by hormonal status. The proportion of current HRT users was 39%. In long-term HRT users the addition of a progestogen compromised beneficial effects of the estrogen on women’s emotional well-being and psychosexual activity. Transdermal therapy exhibited not only more apparent therapeutic effects but also more adverse side-effects in comparison with the oral route. A 12-month randomized controlled trial examined the changes of serum lipid profiles and carbohydrate metabolism in healthy post-menopausal women by low doses of estradiol (E2) in combination with norethisterone acetate (NETA). It was found that the low dose therapies, especially the formulation of E2 1mg + NETA 0.5mg, exerted favorable effects on the lipid profile as well as on carbohydrate metabolism.
|
|
| 7. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Health profile of middle-aged women: The Women's Health in the Lund Area (WHILA) study.
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 17:5, s. 1379-1385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Middle-aged women experience various health-related problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impacts of menopause status and hormone intervention on women's health. METHODS: In an ongoing, population-based study, 4943 women, born 1935 to 1945 and living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden, were included in this analysis. They completed a generic questionnaire pertaining to socio-demographic background and current health-related symptoms. Among the cohort, 9% of women were pre-menopausal (PM), 52% were post-menopausal without hormone replacement therapy (PMO) and 39% were current hormone replacement therapy users (PMT). RESULTS: Hot flushes and vaginal dryness were strongly related to menopausal status. The prevalence of somatic symptoms worsened progressively from the groups of PM to PMO to PMT. The most abundant complaints were headache and muscle-skeletal-joint problems. A total of 85% of women experienced psychological problems. Contrary to our expectation, a poorer profile of psychological health was found in the PMT group when compared with the PMO group. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of symptoms in middle-aged women could be attributed to age, hormonal influence as well as personality.
|
|
| 8. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypertension in an urban population - who is treated with what and how well?
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Human Hypertension. - 1476-5527. ; 21:4, s. 323-326
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the profile of long-term blood pressure (BP)-lowering medication in a population-based cohort, and whether treatment effects on BP control or risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differed between the types or patterns of BP-lowering regimes. In treated hypertensive patients, only 11.3% had a BP < 140/90 mm Hg. Inadequate drug combination and underestimation of global risk score seemed to be the possible reasons for poor BP control. Neither CVD morbidity nor mortality showed any significant difference in relation to treatment types or patterns.
|
|
| 9. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Important factors for use of hormone replacement therapy: a population-based study of Swedish women. The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Menopause. - 1530-0374. ; 7:4, s. 273-281
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to delineate the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women who were born between December 2, 1935, and December 1, 1945, and living in the Lund area of southern Sweden and to analyze factors that contribute to the acceptance and continuation of HRT. METHODS: All women received a generic questionnaire pertaining to demographic background, lifestyle, health behavior, and climacteric symptoms and underwent a personal interview. An interim analysis was carried out on 3,900 women. We mailed a hormone questionnaire to the women who were using HRT (n = 1,875). This hormone questionnaire covered, for example, menopausal status, complaints, and alterations in and efficacy of HRT use, as well as the reasons for discontinuing HRT use. RESULTS: A total of 1,415 (76%) women answered the hormone questionnaire. Forty-eight percent were HRT ever users, and 32% were current users. Mean duration of HRT use was 47 months. The most common incentives for HRT use were alleviation of menopausal symptoms (72%) and prevention of bone loss (50%) and/or cardiovascular disease (31%). Forty-seven percent of HRT users reported that they had changed regimens at least once. HRT users had higher education, full-time work, and a higher consumption of alcohol but less consumption of cigarettes. They reported higher frequencies of climacteric symptoms, past histories of premenstrual syndrome, use of oral contraceptives, and hysterectomy. They also had a higher consumption of healthcare resources. A total of 177 women withdrew from therapy. The most common reasons for discontinuation of HRT were weight gain, anxiety of cancer, bleeding, breast tenderness, and emotional problems. Compared with current users, past users had less positive as well as fewer negative effects of HRT. Several variables contributed to compliance, including education, full-time work, regular exercise, low frequency of persistent climacteric symptoms, and alteration of regimens. CONCLUSION: Education, working conditions, lifestyle, interest in prevention, and severity of the climacteric symptoms are determinants for both acceptance of and compliance with HRT.
|
|
| 10. |
- Li, Cairu, et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in Relation to Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Normal Blood Pressure. A Prospective Cohort Study.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9786 .- 1015-9770. ; 26:3, s. 297-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Approximately 10-20% of stroke cases have normal blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to explore whether the risk of ischemic stroke is related to the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and atherosclerotic lesions in a cohort of subjects with normal BP. Methods:Common CIMT and the presence of carotid plaque were determined by B-mode ultrasound in 6,103 subjects, randomly recruited between 1991 and 1994 from the 'Malmo Diet and Cancer' study. Normal BP was defined as BP <140/90 mm Hg, without pharmacological treatment for hypertension. Carotid artery atherosclerosis (CAA) was defined as CIMT >/=0.81 mm or/and the presence of plaque (i.e. focal CIMT >1.2 mm). The incidence of ischemic stroke was followed over a mean period of 10.7 years. Results:A total of 2,228 subjects (791 men and 1,437 women) had normal BP. During the follow-up, 34 patients suffered a first-ever ischemic stroke (crude incidence: 1.51/1,000 person-years). The Prevalences of CAA in subjects with and without stroke were 68.6 and 39.0%, respectively. It was estimated that the subjects with CAA had a 3-fold higher risk of ischemic stroke (RR: 3.33, 1.37-8.14), independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Each increase of 1 standard deviation (0.13 mm) in CIMT increased the stroke risk by 43% (RR: 1.43, 1.002-2.02). Several factors were found to have a notable relation with CAA, including age, male sex, smoking, diabetes, systolic BP, HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin) and cholesterol. Conclusions: CIMT and atherosclerotic lesions are independent clinical markers for ischemic stroke among normotensive individuals.
|
|
