| 1. |
- Gao, Xindi, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptococcal Hsf3 controls intramitochondrial ROS homeostasis by regulating the respiratory process
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitochondrial quality control prevents accumulation of intramitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (mtROS), thereby protecting cells against DNA damage, genome instability, and programmed cell death. However, underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood, particularly in fungal species. Here, we show that Cryptococcus neoformans heat shock factor 3 (CnHsf3) exhibits an atypical function in regulating mtROS independent of the unfolded protein response. CnHsf3 acts in nuclei and mitochondria, and nuclear- and mitochondrial-targeting signals are required for its organelle-specific functions. It represses the expression of genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle while promoting expression of genes involved in electron transfer chain. In addition, CnHsf3 responds to multiple intramitochondrial stresses; this response is mediated by oxidation of the cysteine residue on its DNA binding domain, which enhances DNA binding. Our results reveal a function of HSF proteins in regulating mtROS homeostasis that is independent of the unfolded protein response.
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| 2. |
- Long, Junshui, et al.
(författare)
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Hydrological Projections in the Third Pole Using Artificial Intelligence and an Observation-Constrained Cryosphere-Hydrology Model
- 2024
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Ingår i: EARTHS FUTURE. - 2328-4277. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The water resources of the Third Pole (TP), highly sensitive to climate change and glacier melting, significantly impact the water and food security of millions in Asia. However, projecting future spatial-temporal runoff changes for TP's mountainous basins remains a formidable challenge. Here, we've leveraged the long short-term memory model (LSTM) to craft a grid-scale artificial intelligence (AI) model named LSTM-grid. This model has enabled the production of hydrological projections for the seven major river basins of TP. The LSTM-grid model integrates monthly precipitation, air temperature, and total glacier mass changes (total_GMC) data at a 0.25-degree model grid. Training the LSTM-grid model employed gridded historical monthly runoff and evapotranspiration data sets generated by an observation-constrained cryosphere-hydrology model at the headwaters of seven TP river basins during 2000-2017. Our results demonstrate the LSTM grid's effectiveness and usefulness, exhibiting a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient exceeding 0.92 during the verification periods (2013-2017). Moreover, river basins in the monsoon region exhibited a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies region. Intra-annual projections indicated notable increases in spring runoff, especially in basins where glacier meltwater significantly contributes to runoff. Additionally, the LSTM-grid model aptly captures the runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting, highlighting the growing influence of precipitation on runoff after reaching the maximum total_GMC. Therefore, the LSTM-grid model offers a fresh perspective for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in high-mountain glacial regions by tapping into AI's potential to drive scientific discovery and provide reliable data. Water resources of the Third Pole (TP) significantly impact the water and food security in Asia. However, projecting future spatial-temporal runoff changes for the TP's mountain basins remains a challenge. Here, we've leveraged the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to craft a gridded artificial intelligence model (named LSTM-grid). Trained by the outputs of an observation-constrained distributed cryosphere-hydrology model, the LSTM-grid has enabled reliable spatiotemporal runoff and evapotranspiration projections for the headwaters of seven TP rivers (Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Brahmaputra, Ganges, Indus) till 2100. Our projections show that the river basins in the monsoon region exhibit a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies region. In particular, the proposed approach in this study can reasonably capture the runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting without prior knowledge, highlighting the growing influence of precipitation on runoff after reaching the maximum total glacier mass changes (of a river basin). Hence, the LSTM-grid model provides a fresh perspective for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in high-mountain glacial regions. We use artificial intelligence and an observation-constrained cryosphere-hydrology model to project future runoff for seven high-mountain Third Pole basins Results show that river basins in the monsoon region exhibited a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies region The proposed approach can aptly simulate runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting without prior knowledge
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| 3. |
- Chng, Kern Rei, et al.
(författare)
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Cartography of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in a tertiary hospital environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 26, s. 941-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although disinfection is key to infection control, the colonization patterns and resistomes of hospital-environment microbes remain underexplored. We report the first extensive genomic characterization of microbiomes, pathogens and antibiotic resistance cassettes in a tertiary-care hospital, from repeated sampling (up to 1.5 years apart) of 179 sites associated with 45 beds. Deep shotgun metagenomics unveiled distinct ecological niches of microbes and antibiotic resistance genes characterized by biofilm-forming and human-microbiome-influenced environments with corresponding patterns of spatiotemporal divergence. Quasi-metagenomics with nanopore sequencing provided thousands of high-contiguity genomes, phage and plasmid sequences (>60% novel), enabling characterization of resistome and mobilome diversity and dynamic architectures in hospital environments. Phylogenetics identified multidrug-resistant strains as being widely distributed and stably colonizing across sites. Comparisons with clinical isolates indicated that such microbes can persist in hospitals for extended periods (>8 years), to opportunistically infect patients. These findings highlight the importance of characterizing antibiotic resistance reservoirs in hospitals and establish the feasibility of systematic surveys to target resources for preventing infections. Spatiotemporal characterization of microbial diversity and antibiotic resistance in a tertiary-care hospital reveals broad distribution and persistence of antibiotic-resistant organisms that could cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare setting.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Ruishun, et al.
(författare)
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Cryosphere-Hydrometeorology Observations for a Water Tower Unit on the Tibetan Plateau Using the BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System
- 2024
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 105:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Life and civilization in arid regions depend on the availability of freshwater. Arid alpine river basins, where hydrological processes are highly sensitive to rapid warming, act as vital water towers for lowland oases. However, scientific understanding of precipitation variability and related cryosphere-hydrology processes is extremely limited because of the scarcity of in situ observations. The upper Danghe River basin (UDB; similar to 14,000 km2) is an arid and westerly dominated basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and is the water source for the Dunhuang Oasis in China. We have established a comprehensive cryosphere-hydrometeorology observation network in the basin since 2014. At present, the network consists of 21 automatic rain gauges, 22 soil freeze-thaw monitoring stations, 4 automatic weather stations (AWS), and a 50-m gradient meteorological tower with an eddy covariance system. In particular, the 18 sites, located in remote areas without public networks, are equipped with new -generation BeiDou-3 communication terminals that enable the observations to be easily, safely, and reliably read and quality controlled in near-real time from offices in the city or at home. This integrated observation network over the UDB that facilitates the monitoring of cryosphere-hydrology processes, land-atmosphere interactions, and local weather processes. In addition, the observations are helpful for the objective evaluation, and continual improvement, of hydrological models, satellite -retrieval products, and reanalysis datasets. Finally, the network is expected to promote a better understanding of the status and role of water towers in arid zones and to provide basic data support for the sustainable development of the Dunhuang Oasis and the Belt and Road.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of Insomnia With Insulin Resistance Traits : A Cross-sectional and Mendelian Randomization Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 108:8, s. e574-e582
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Insomnia is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in observational studies; however, whether insomnia is causally associated with IR remains unestablished.Objective: This study aims to estimate the causal associations of insomnia with IR and its related traits.Methods: In primary analyses, multivariable regression (MVR) and 1-sample Mendelian randomization (1SMR) analyses were performed to estimate the associations of insomnia with IR (triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [TG/HDL-C] ratio) and its related traits (glucose level, TG, and HDL-C) in the UK Biobank. Thereafter, 2-sample MR (2SMR) analyses were used to validate the findings from primary analyses. Finally, the potential mediating effects of IR on the pathway of insomnia giving rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined using a 2-step MR design.Results: Across the MVR, 1SMR, and their sensitivity analyses, we found consistent evidence suggesting that more frequent insomnia symptoms were significantly associated with higher values of triglyceride-glucose index (MVR, beta = 0.024, P < 2.00E-16; 1SMR, beta = 0.343, P < 2.00E-16), TG/HDL-C ratio (MVR, beta = 0.016, P = 1.75E-13; 1SMR, beta = 0.445, P < 2.00E-16), and TG level (MVR, beta = 0.019 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16, 1SMR: beta = 0.289 log mg/dL, P < 2.00E-16) after Bonferroni adjustment. Similar evidence was obtained by using 2SMR, and mediation analysis suggested that about one-quarter (25.21%) of the association between insomnia symptoms and T2D was mediated by IR.Conclusions: This study provides robust evidence supporting that more frequent insomnia symptoms are associated with IR and its related traits across different angles. These findings indicate that insomnia symptoms can be served as a promising target to improve IR and prevent subsequent T2D.
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