| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Cerca, Jose, et al.
(författare)
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The genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in Darwin's giant daisies
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many island plant species share a syndrome of characteristic phenotype and life history. Cerca et al. find the genomic basis of the plant island syndrome in one of Darwin's giant daisies, while separating ancestral genomes in a chromosome-resolved polyploid assembly. The repeated, rapid and often pronounced patterns of evolutionary divergence observed in insular plants, or the 'plant island syndrome', include changes in leaf phenotypes, growth, as well as the acquisition of a perennial lifestyle. Here, we sequence and describe the genome of the critically endangered, Galapagos-endemic species Scalesia atractyloides Arnot., obtaining a chromosome-resolved, 3.2-Gbp assembly containing 43,093 candidate gene models. Using a combination of fossil transposable elements, k-mer spectra analyses and orthologue assignment, we identify the two ancestral genomes, and date their divergence and the polyploidization event, concluding that the ancestor of all extant Scalesia species was an allotetraploid. There are a comparable number of genes and transposable elements across the two subgenomes, and while their synteny has been mostly conserved, we find multiple inversions that may have facilitated adaptation. We identify clear signatures of selection across genes associated with vascular development, growth, adaptation to salinity and flowering time, thus finding compelling evidence for a genomic basis of the island syndrome in one of Darwin's giant daisies.
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| 3. |
- Wan, Hongyu, et al.
(författare)
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Trace analysis using Wi-Fi probe positioning and virtual reality for commercial building complex design
- 2023
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Ingår i: Automation in Construction. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-5805 .- 1872-7891. ; 153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effective management of human flow is critical to the success of complex projects in urban centers, such as shopping malls. However, conventional methods of flow organization, which rely on observation and empirical knowledge, face challenges in fully comprehending the intricate environment. This study proposes an analytical approach to manage human flow in shopping malls in urban centers. A Wi-Fi probe positioning system recorded real-time human flow to assess current movement patterns, while virtual reality (VR) identified issues and optimized the space layout. The Maoye shopping mall in Nanjing experienced a decline in human flow, prompting the need for a new design. The study demonstrates that the Wi-Fi probe positioning system supports the setting of entrances and main corridors during the design phase, while VR tracing evaluates space layout and aids optimization. The study contributes to data-informed design by integrating analytical approaches into the conventional design process.
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| 4. |
- Chong, Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Organo-ptii complexes for potent photodynamic inactivation of multi-drug resistant bacteria and the influence of configuration
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advanced Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2198-3844. ; 11:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PtII based organometallic photosensitizers (PSs) have emerged as novel potent photodynamic inactivation (PDI) reagents through their enhanced intersystem crossing (ISC) processes. Currently, few PtII PSs have been investigated as antibacterial materials, with relatively poor performances reported and with structure-activity relationships not well described. Herein, a pair of configurational isomers are reported of Bis-BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-boradizaindacene) embedded PtII PSs. The cis-isomer (cis-BBP) displayed enhanced 1O2 generation and better bacterial membrane anchoring capability as compared to the trans-isomer (trans-BBP). The effective PDI concentrations (efficiency > 99.9%) for cis-BBP in Acinetobacter baumannii (multi-drug resistant (MDR)) and Staphylococcus aureus are 400 nM (12 J cm−2) and 100 nM (18 J cm−2), respectively; corresponding concentrations and light doses for trans-BBP in the two bacteria are 2.50 µM (30 J cm−2) and 1.50 µM (18 J cm−2), respectively. The 50% and 90% minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50 and MIC90) ratio of trans-BBP to cis-BBP is 22.22 and 24.02 in A. baumannii (MDR); 21.29 and 22.36 in methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), respectively. Furthermore, cis-BBP displays superior in vivo antibacterial performance, with acceptable dark and photoinduced cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate cis-BBP is a robust light-assisted antibacterial reagent at sub-micromolecular concentrations. More importantly, configuration of PtII PSs should be an important issue to be considered in further PDI reagents design.
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| 5. |
- Li, Siyu, et al.
(författare)
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A serious game with avatar suspects can be used to train naive participants in the Strategic Use of Evidence
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Forensic Psychology: Research and Practice.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we developed a serious game with computer-generated avatars (i.e., Avatar Training) driven by empirically-based algorithms of suspect behavior to train participants in using the Evidence Framing Matrix (EFM), an essential tactical component of the SUE technique. Ninety-six participants were randomly allocated into four groups (i.e., Control, Training, Feedback, and Training & Feedback groups) and conducted two interviews. Compared to untrained participants, EFM-trained participants used the EFM to a higher degree in the first interview. Receiving feedback increased the ability to use the EFM in the second interview. Furthermore, combining the theoretical training with feedback made participants use within-statement (in)consistencies more when evaluating avatar statements. The results show that naive participants can be trained to use the EFM using algorithm-driven suspect avatars, suggesting there is potential for using avatars as a scalable approach in the learning of interview techniques with suspects.
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| 6. |
- Li, Siyu, et al.
(författare)
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Comprehensive assessment of dissolved organic matter processing in the Amazon River and its major tributaries revealed by positive and negative electrospray mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : ELSEVIER. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rivers are natural biogeochemical systems shaping the fates of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from leaving soils to reaching the oceans. This study focuses on Amazon basin DOM processing employing negative and positive electro-spray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI[+/-] FT-ICR MS) and nuclear mag-netic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to reveal effects of major processes on the compositional space and structural characteristics of black, white and clear water systems. These include non-conservative mixing at the confluences of (1) Solimoes and the Negro River, (2) the Amazon River and the Madeira River, and (3) in-stream processing of Amazon River DOM between the Madeira River and the Tapajos River. The Negro River (black water) supplies more highly oxygenated and high molecular weight compounds, whereas the Solimoes and Madeira Rivers (white water) contribute more CHNO and CHOS molecules to the Amazon River main stem. Aliphatic CHO and abundant CHNO compounds prevail in Tapajos River DOM (clear water), likely originating from primary production. Sorption onto particles and heterotrophic microbial degradation are probably the principal mechanisms for the observed changes in DOM composition in the Amazon River and its tributaries.
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| 7. |
- Li, Siyu, et al.
(författare)
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Dearomatization drives complexity generation in freshwater organic matter
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 628:8009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one of the most complex, dynamic and abundant sources of organic carbon, but its chemical reactivity remains uncertain 1-3 . Greater insights into DOM structural features could facilitate understanding its synthesis, turnover and processing in the global carbon cycle 4,5 . Here we use complementary multiplicity-edited 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra to quantify key substructures assembling the carbon skeletons of DOM from four main Amazon rivers and two mid-size Swedish boreal lakes. We find that one type of reaction mechanism, oxidative dearomatization (ODA), widely used in organic synthetic chemistry to create natural product scaffolds 6-10 , is probably a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of DOM that are rich in suitable polyphenolic precursor molecules. Our data suggest a high abundance of tetrahedral quaternary carbons bound to one oxygen and three carbon atoms (OCqC3 units). These units are rare in common biomolecules but could be readily produced by ODA of lignin-derived and tannin-derived polyphenols. Tautomerization of (poly)phenols by ODA creates non-planar cyclohexadienones, which are subject to immediate and parallel cycloadditions. This combination leads to a proliferation of structural diversity of DOM compounds from early stages of DOM processing, with an increase in oxygenated aliphatic structures. Overall, we propose that ODA is a key reaction mechanism for complexity acceleration in the processing of DOM molecules, creation of new oxygenated aliphatic molecules and that it could be prevalent in nature. Using complementary multiplicity-edited 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, oxidative dearomatization is shown to be a key driver for generating structural diversity during processing of dissolved organic matter and the data also suggest high abundance of OCqC3 units.
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| 8. |
- Li, Siyu, et al.
(författare)
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Distinct Non-conservative Behavior of Dissolved Organic Matter after Mixing Solimoes/Negro and Amazon/Tapajo s River Waters
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS - ES & T Water. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2690-0637. ; 3:8, s. 2083-2095
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Positive and negative electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and H-1 NMR revealed major compositional and structural changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) after mixing two sets of river waters in Amazon confluences: the Solimoes and Negro Rivers (S + N) and the Amazon and Tapajo s Rivers (A + T). We also studied the effects of water mixing ratios and incubation time on the composition and structure of DOM molecules. NMR spectra demonstrated large-scale structural transformations in the case of S + N mixing, with gain of pure and functionalized aliphatic units and loss of all other structures after 1d incubation. A + T mixing resulted in comparatively minor structural alterations, with a major gain of small aliphatic biomolecular binding motifs. Remarkably, structural alterations from mixing to 1d incubation were in essence reversed from 1d to 5d incubation for both S + N and A + T mixing experiments. Heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP) in endmembers S, N, and S + N mixtures remained near 0.03 mu gC L-1 h(-1), whereas HBP in A, T, and A + T were about five times higher. High rates of dark carbon fixation took place at S + N mixing in particular. In-depth biogeochemical characterization revealed major distinctions between DOM biogeochemical changes and temporal evolution at these key confluence sites within the Amazon basin.
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| 9. |
- Li, Siyu, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of surface treatment and shade on the color, translucency, and surface roughness of high-translucency self-glazed zirconia materials
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Journal of prosthetic dentistry (Print). - : Elsevier. - 0022-3913 .- 1097-6841. ; 128:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Statement of problemThe impact of different surface treatments and shades on the color, translucency, and surface roughness of high-translucency self-glazed zirconia materials is unclear.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effects of different external surface treatments (self-glazed, milled, polished, and glazed), intaglio surface treatments (milled and airborne-particle abraded), and shades (A1 and A3 shades) on the color, translucency, and surface roughness of high-translucency self-glazed zirconia materials, as well as the correlations among optical parameters, translucency, and surface roughness.Material and methodsEighty shade A1 and 80 shade A3 disks were fabricated with a thickness of 0.80 +/- 0.02 mm and divided into 16 groups (n=10). Different external and intaglio surface treatments were applied to the specimens. CIELab values were measured with a spectrophotometer, and color differences (Delta E-00) and relative translucency parameter (RTP) were calculated. Total transmittance (Tt%) and reflectance (R%) were tested with a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) (mu m) was measured with a noncontact 3-dimensional laser scanning microscope. One specimen from each group was subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test. The correlation among optical parameters, translucency, and surface roughness was investigated by using Pearson correlation analysis (alpha=.05).ResultsThe effects of external surface treatments, intaglio airborne-particle abrasion, and shades on Delta E-00, RTP, and Ra values of the disks were significantly different (P<.001). The smoothest external polishing surface had the greatest RTP and color difference (P<.001). Shade A3 disks had lower RTP and Tt% values than shade A1 disks (P<.001). Delta E-00 had a highly positive relationship with the RTP (A1: r=0.884, P<.001; A3: r=0.859, P<.001). SEM images demonstrated that surface treatments affected the surface texture of monolithic zirconia ceramics.ConclusionsDifferent surface treatments affected the surface roughness, translucency, and final color of zirconia materials. The smoothest external polishing surface had the greatest RTP and color difference. Different shades influenced the translucency, as the darker the disk shade, the lower the translucency. The RTP was appropriate as an auxiliary indicator for evaluating the color of a dental ceramic.
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| 10. |
- Liu, Siyu, et al.
(författare)
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A TDLAS-based photofragmentation method for spatially resolved measurement of KOH and KCl as well as its application in biomass combustion processes
- 2024
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Ingår i: Fuel. - 0016-2361. ; 357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The release of gas-phase potassium species, mainly KOH, KCl, and K atoms, from burning biomass fuels can introduce severe problems to boilers, such as fouling, slagging, and corrosion. In the present work, an optical technique combining laser-induced photofragmentation and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed for simultaneously measuring the concentration of KOH, KCl and K atoms with a high temporal and spatial resolution. Two laser sheets with a thickness of about 1 mm at wavelengths of 266 and 355 nm, respectively, were adopted to photodissociate KOH and KCl molecules into K atoms. A continuous wave laser at 766 nm generated by a tunable diode laser passed perpendicularly through the laser sheet to detect the K atom. The measured fragmentation-induced K-atom absorbance was correlated to KOH and KCl concertation through a calibration process in a homogenous combustion environment where the concentrations of KOH and KCl were monitored by UV absorption spectroscopy. The calibration curves were verified to be independent of temperature. A typical spatial resolution of 1 mm3 was realized where the value depended on the overlap volume of the UV laser sheet and the 766 nm laser beam. Finally, this technique was applied to measure the release behavior of KOH, KCl and K atoms from burning wood and straw pellets.
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