| 1. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 2. |
- Watts, Anna L., et al.
(författare)
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Dense matter with eXTP
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy. - : Science Press. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 62:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this White Paper we present the potential of the Enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry (eXTP) mission for determining the nature of dense matter; neutron star cores host an extreme density regime which cannot be replicated in a terrestrial laboratory. The tightest statistical constraints on the dense matter equation of state will come from pulse profile modelling of accretion-powered pulsars, burst oscillation sources, and rotation-powered pulsars. Additional constraints will derive from spin measurements, burst spectra, and properties of the accretion flows in the vicinity of the neutron star. Under development by an international Consortium led by the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the eXTP mission is expected to be launched in the mid 2020s.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Daosheng, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation on heating aging mechanism of cellulose paper for oil-immersed transformer main insulation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids. - 2153-3733 .- 2153-3725. ; 2019-June:June
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power transformer plays a vital role in maintaining reliable and efficient electricity supply. However, in service is increasing and growing older, much and much attention has been paid on their aging condition and life assessment than ever. The aging and degradation of transformer insulation will determine the life-time of its operation. The intensities of these depend on mechanical, thermal and environmental stresses that act on the insulations. Due to the temperature rise, the lifetime of insulation material will be shortened. The accelerated thermal aging method is often adopted to do some evaluation on the oil-paper insulation materials under different temperature for the thermal lifetime model. According to existing aging test, both insulation paper and mineral oil were aged at the same temperature. In this paper, the thermal aging experiments were implemented on the transformer main insulation model made with modified and unmodified insulation paper. The accelerated thermal aging tests were finished, and the superior electric characteristics of the nano-TiO2 and cellulose composition insulation were validated.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Daosheng, et al.
(författare)
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Suppression Mechanism of TiO 2 for the Partial Discharge of Oil-paper Insulation in Intensive Electric Field
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids. - 2153-3733 .- 2153-3725. ; 2019-June
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the rapid development of modern HVDC transmission technology, higher insulation properties are put forward on the oil-paper insulation system of the transformer, which determine the transformer service life to a certain extent. Traditional transformer oil-paper insulation is becoming increasingly difficult to meet the demands of insulation system with large capacity and miniaturization at ultra-high voltage level. In order to improve the insulation strength of oil-paper system, the insulation cellulose paper modified by TiO2 nanoparticles of different diameters (5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 30 nm) were prepared, in addition, each of modified cellulose paper has different mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles (1%, 3%, 5%, 7% wt.). The partial discharge (PD) detection platform was established, and the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) values of the oil-paper insulation system with and without nanoparticles were measured. To investigate the PD characteristics, the PD waveforms and PD frequency spectrums of modified cellulose paper and the unmodified were obtained. The suppression mechanism of TiO2 nanoparticles on PD was explored through scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. All the experiment results indicate that adding nano-TiO2 is beneficial to enhance the insulation properties of oil-paper insulation, and the optimum diameter and mass fraction of TiO2 nanoparticles to suppress oil-paper PD were obtained.
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| 5. |
- Yan, Zihan, et al.
(författare)
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Design Eye-Tracking Augmented Reality Headset to Reduce Cognitive Load in Repetitive Parcel Scanning Task
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems. - 2168-2291 .- 2168-2305. ; 52:4, s. 578-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repetitive tasks widely exist in applied fields of human-computer interaction. One underestimated example is parcel scanning, which has consistent operation difficulty but comprises multiple processes (e.g., label seeking and scanning, result confirming, and parcel relocating), involving respective cognitive requirements. Many devices are developed to facilitate repetitive operations, but few are to reduce fluctuating cognitive load throughout task processes. We present the eye-tracking augmented reality headset that integrates foveated vision detection and smooth pursuit of eye tracking and investigate how it can reduce cognitive load in the repetitive task. In total, 33 participants completed a set of parcel scanning tasks with the headset and their visual and cognitive performance were assessed. The results show that the headset maintained high scanning efficiency and lower cognitive load across the tasks with varying difficulties and it significantly reduced the participants' cognitive load during the processes of barcode seeking and scanning and result confirmation. The headset demonstrated good usability and ease of use. Implications for how the case study result could be used in generalizing applications are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Yuan, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Space charge behavior in silicone rubber from in-service aged HVDC composite insulators
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation. - 1558-4135 .- 1070-9878. ; 26:3, s. 843-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Space charge behavior in sheds removed from service aged 500 and 800 kV HVDC silicone rubber insulators and compared to a stored reference insulator is reported in this paper. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the material aging. The investigations are made under electric field of ±20 kV/mm at room temperature using pulsed electro-acoustic technique. Based on the results, the electric field distribution and mobility of charge carriers, considering the contributions of de-trapping process from both shallow and deep traps, are deduced. It is concluded that space charge concentration in the aged material increases compared to that in the reference material and the dynamics of the charge decay changes. The understanding of this behavior provides a means of possibility assessing insulator material aging.
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| 7. |
- Ai, Sizhi, et al.
(författare)
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Causal associations of short and long sleep durations with 12 cardiovascular diseases : linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses in UK Biobank
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:34, s. 3349-3357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Observational studies have suggested strong associations between sleep duration and many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but causal inferences have not been confirmed. We aimed to determine the causal associations between genetically predicted sleep duration and 12 CVDs using both linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization (MR) designs. Methods and results Genetic variants associated with continuous, short (<= 6 h) and long (>= 9 h) sleep durations were used to examine the causal associations with 12 CVDs among 404 044 UK Biobank participants of White British ancestry. Linear MR analyses showed that genetically predicted sleep duration was negatively associated with arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and chronic ischaemic heart disease after correcting for multiple tests (P <0.001). Nonlinear MR analyses demonstrated nonlinearity (L-shaped associations) between genetically predicted sleep duration and four CVDs, including arterial hypertension, chronic ischaemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Complementary analyses provided confirmative evidence of the adverse effects of genetically predicted short sleep duration on the risks of 5 out of the 12 CVDs, including arterial hypertension, pulmonary embolism, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic ischaemic heart disease (P< 0.001), and suggestive evidence for atrial fibrillation (P < 0.05). However, genetically predicted long sleep duration was not associated with any CVD. Conclusion This study suggests that genetically predicted short sleep duration is a potential causal risk factor of several CVDs, while genetically predicted long steep duration is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most CVDs. [GRAPHICS] .
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| 8. |
- Alm, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Variation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in eight strains of mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-1519 .- 1569-9048. ; 171, s. 157-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that genetic variations may play an important role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI models has been widely applied for pathophysiological and pharmacological research. In order to understand the variation of acute pulmonary reactions between mouse strains and find the optimal strain for target-oriented study, the present study investigated the alterations of acute lung hyperinflation, inflammation and injury in C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/1J, CD-1, NMRI, DBA/2J, A/J and C3H/HeN mice after the intra-tracheal challenge with LPS. We found that LPS-induced ALI varied between measured variables, durations and strains. General score of LPS-induced acute lung hyperinflation, inflammation and edema followed the order CD-1, A/J, Balb/c, DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, DBA/1J, NMRI, C3H/HeN mice at 4h, and CD-1, C57BL/6J, Balb/c, C3H/HeN, NMRI, A/J, DBA/2J, DBA/1 mice at 24h. Thus, these data provide useful information to select sensitive or resistant strain mouse for understanding genetic variation of pathogenesis and screening of target-oriented drugs.
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| 9. |
- Alm, Ann-Sophie, et al.
(författare)
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Varying susceptibility of pulmonary cytokine production to lipopolysaccharide in mice.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Cytokine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1096-0023 .- 1043-4666. ; 49, s. 256-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model has been widely applied for pathophysiological and pharmacological research. The aim of present study is to understand the variation of acute pulmonary inflammation between mouse strains. Methods: The present study investigated the susceptibility of acute production of inflammatory mediators, e.g. cytokines, chemokines and others, to LPS in C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/1J, CD-1, NMRI, DBA/2J, A/J, and C3H/HeN mice. Results: The susceptibility to intra-tracheal challenge with LPS varied between measured variables, durations and strains. General lung hyper-reactive susceptibility to LPS-induced pulmonary production of 6-8 inflammatory mediators followed the order NMRI, Balb/cJ, C3H/HeN, A/J, C57BL/6J, DBA/1J, DBA/2J and CD-1 mice at 4h, and A/J, C3H/HeN, CD-1, NMRI, C57BL/6J, Balb/cJ, DBA/2J and DBA/1J mice at 24h. Conclusions: Our data provide information for scientists to consider the proper strain of mice for the measurement of specific inflammatory mediators and to select sensitive or resistant mouse strains for understanding genetic variation in the pathogenesis and for the screening of target-oriented drug development.
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| 10. |
- Brütt, Katharina, et al.
(författare)
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Competition and moral behavior: A meta-analysis of forty-five crowd-sourced experimental designs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490 .- 0027-8424. ; 120:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Does competition affect moral behavior? This fundamental question has been debated among leading scholars for centuries, and more recently, it has been tested in experimental studies yielding a body of rather inconclusive empirical evidence. A potential source of ambivalent empirical results on the same hypothesis is design heterogeneity-variation in true effect sizes across various reasonable experimental research protocols. To provide further evidence on whether competition affects moral behavior and to examine whether the generalizability of a single experimental study is jeopardized by design heterogeneity, we invited independent research teams to contribute experimental designs to a crowd-sourced project. In a large-scale online data collection, 18,123 experimental participants were randomly allocated to 45 randomly selected experimental designs out of 95 submitted designs. We find a small adverse effect of competition on moral behavior in a meta-analysis of the pooled data. The crowd-sourced design of our study allows for a clean identification and estimation of the variation in effect sizes above and beyond what could be expected due to sampling variance. We find substantial design heterogeneity-estimated to be about 1.6 times as large as the average standard error of effect size estimates of the 45 research designs-indicating that the informativeness and generalizability of results based on a single experimental design are limited. Drawing strong conclusions about the underlying hypotheses in the presence of substantive design heterogeneity requires moving toward much larger data collections on various experimental designs testing the same hypothesis.
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