| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Li, Chunxia, et al.
(författare)
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Noncovalent microarrays from synthetic amino-terminating glycans : Implications in expanding glycan microarray diversity and platform comparison
- 2021
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 31:8, s. 931-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Glycan microarrays have played important roles in detection and specificity assignment of glycan recognition by proteins. However, the size and diversity of glycan libraries in current microarray systems are small compared to estimated glycomes, and these may lead to missed detection or incomplete assignment. For microarray construction, covalent and noncovalent immobilization are the two types of methods used, but a direct comparison of results from the two platforms is required. Here we develop a chemical strategy to prepare lipid-linked probes from both naturally derived aldehyde-terminating and synthetic amino-terminating glycans that addresses the two aspects: expansion of sequence-defined glycan libraries and comparison of the two platforms. We demonstrate the specific recognition by plant and mammalian lectins, carbohydrate-binding modules and antibodies and the overall similarities from the two platforms. Our results provide new knowledge on unique glycan-binding specificities for the immune receptor Dectin-1 toward beta-glucans and the interaction of rotavirus P[19] adhesive protein with mucin O-glycan cores.
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| 3. |
- Li, Xixing, et al.
(författare)
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Flexible Job Shop Composite Dispatching Rule Mining Approach Based on an Improved Genetic Programming Algorithm
- 2024
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Ingår i: Tsinghua Science and Technology. - : Tsinghua University. - 1007-0214 .- 1878-7606. ; 29:5, s. 1390-1408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To obtain a suitable scheduling scheme in an effective time range, the minimum completion time is taken as the objective of Flexible Job Shop scheduling Problems (FJSP) with different scales, and Composite Dispatching Rules (CDRs) are applied to generate feasible solutions. Firstly, the binary tree coding method is adopted, and the constructed function set is normalized. Secondly, a CDR mining approach based on an Improved Genetic Programming Algorithm (IGPA) is designed. Two population initialization methods are introduced to enrich the initial population, and a superior and inferior population separation strategy is designed to improve the global search ability of the algorithm. At the same time, two individual mutation methods are introduced to improve the algorithm’s local search ability, to achieve the balance between global search and local search. In addition, the effectiveness of the IGPA and the superiority of CDRs are verified through comparative analysis. Finally, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is employed to solve the FJSP by incorporating the CDRs as the action set, the selection times are counted to further verify the superiority of CDRs.
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| 4. |
- Khetan, Aditya K, et al.
(författare)
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Variations in the association of height with mortality, cardiovascular disease and cancer in low-, middle- and high-income countries.
- 2022
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Ingår i: International journal of epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 51:4, s. 1304-1316
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Final adult height is a useful proxy measure of childhood nutrition and disease burden. Tall stature has been previously associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, decreased risk of major cardiovascular events and an increased risk of cancer. However, these associations have primarily been derived from people of European and East Asian backgrounds, and there are sparse data from other regions of the world.The Prospective Urban-Rural Epidemiology study is a large, longitudinal population study done in 21 countries of varying incomes and sociocultural settings. We enrolled an unbiased sample of households, which were eligible if at least one household member was aged 35-70 years. Height was measured in a standardized manner, without shoes, to the nearest 0.1 cm. During a median follow-up of 10.1 years (interquartile range 8.3-12.0), we assessed the risk of all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events and cancer.A total of 154 610 participants, enrolled since January 2003, with known height and vital status, were included in this analysis. Follow-up event data until March 2021 were used; 11 487 (7.4%) participants died, whereas 9291 (6.0%) participants had a major cardiovascular event and 5873 (3.8%) participants had a new diagnosis of cancer. After adjustment, taller individuals had lower hazards of all-cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) per 10-cm increase in height 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90-0.96] and major cardiovascular events (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00), whereas the hazard of cancer was higher in taller participants (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.18-1.28). The interaction p-values between height and country-income level for all three outcomes were <0.001, suggesting that the association with height varied by country-income level for these outcomes. In low-income countries, height was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.92) and major cardiovascular events (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.93). There was no association of height with these outcomes in middle- and high-income countries. The respective HRs for cancer in low-, middle- and high-income countries were 1.14 (95% CI 0.99-1.32), 1.12 (95% CI 1.04-1.22) and 1.20 (95% CI 1.14-1.26).Unlike high- and middle-income countries, tall stature has a strong inverse association with all-cause mortality and major cardiovascular events in low-income countries. Improved childhood physical development and advances in population-wide cardiovascular treatments in high- and middle-income countries may contribute to this gap. From a life-course perspective, we hypothesize that optimizing maternal and child health in low-income countries may improve rates of premature mortality and cardiovascular events in these countries, at a population level.
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| 5. |
- Li, Yibing, et al.
(författare)
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Digital twin-based job shop anomaly detection and dynamic scheduling
- 2023
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Ingår i: Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0736-5845 .- 1879-2537. ; 79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scheduling scheme is one of the critical factors affecting the production efficiency. In the actual production, anomalies will lead to scheduling deviation and influence scheme execution, which makes the traditional job shop scheduling methods are not sufficient to meet the needs of real-time and accuracy. By introducing digital twin (DT), further convergence between physical and virtual space can be achieved, which enormously reinforces real-time performance of job shop scheduling. For flexible job shop, an anomaly detection and dynamic scheduling framework based on DT is proposed in this paper. Previously, a multi-level production process monitoring model is proposed to detect anomaly. Then, a real-time optimization strategy of scheduling scheme based on rolling window mechanism is explored to enforce dynamic scheduling optimization. Finally, the improved grey wolf optimization algorithm is introduced to solve the scheduling problem. Under this framework, it is possible to monitor the deviation between the actual processing state and the planned processing state in real time and effectively reduce the deviation. An equipment manufacturing job shop is taken as a case study to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed framework.
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| 6. |
- Santosa, Ailiana, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease and Death in a Population-Based Cohort From 21 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries.
- 2021
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Ingår i: JAMA network open. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2574-3805. ; 4:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stress may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Most studies on stress and CVD have been conducted in high-income Western countries, but whether stress is associated with CVD in other settings has been less well studied.To investigate the association of a composite measure of psychosocial stress and the development of CVD events and mortality in a large prospective study involving populations from 21 high-, middle-, and low-income countries across 5 continents.This population-based cohort study used data from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study, collected between January 2003 and March 2021. Participants included individuals aged 35 to 70 years living in 21 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Data were analyzed from April 8 to June 15, 2021.All participants were assessed on a composite measure of psychosocial stress assessed at study entry using brief questionnaires concerning stress at work and home, major life events, and financial stress.The outcomes of interest were stroke, major coronary heart disease (CHD), CVD, and all-cause mortality.A total of 118706 participants (mean [SD] age 50.4 [9.6] years; 69842 [58.8%] women and 48864 [41.2%] men) without prior CVD and with complete baseline and follow-up data were included. Of these, 8699 participants (7.3%) reported high stress, 21797 participants (18.4%) reported moderate stress, 34958 participants (29.4%) reported low stress, and 53252 participants (44.8%) reported no stress. High stress, compared with no stress, was more likely with younger age (mean [SD] age, 48.9 [8.9] years vs 51.1 [9.8] years), abdominal obesity (2981 participants [34.3%] vs 10599 participants [19.9%]), current smoking (2319 participants [26.7%] vs 10477 participants [19.7%]) and former smoking (1571 participants [18.1%] vs 3978 participants [7.5%]), alcohol use (4222 participants [48.5%] vs 13222 participants [24.8%]), and family history of CVD (5435 participants [62.5%] vs 20255 participants [38.0%]). During a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.2 (8.6-11.9) years, a total of 7248 deaths occurred. During the course of follow-up, there were 5934 CVD events, 4107 CHD events, and 2880 stroke events. Compared with no stress and after adjustment for age, sex, education, marital status, location, abdominal obesity, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and family history of CVD, as the level of stress increased, there were increases in risk of death (low stress: hazard ratio [HR], 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.16]; high stress: 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06-1.29]) and CHD (low stress: HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.01-1.18]; high stress: HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.08-1.42]). High stress, but not low or moderate stress, was associated with CVD (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.08-1.37]) and stroke (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.09-1.56]) after adjustment.This cohort study found that higher psychosocial stress, measured as a composite score of self-perceived stress, life events, and financial stress, was significantly associated with mortality as well as with CVD, CHD, and stroke events.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Jinbao, et al.
(författare)
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Al2O3 Underlayer Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells.
- 2017
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Ingår i: ChemSusChem. - : Wiley. - 1864-5631 .- 1864-564X. ; 10:19, s. 3810-3817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Perovskite solar cells, as an emergent technology for solar energy conversion, have attracted much attention in the solar cell community by demonstrating impressive enhancement in power conversion efficiencies. However, the high temperature and manually processed TiO2 underlayer prepared by spray pyrolysis significantly limit the large-scale application and device reproducibility of perovskite solar cells. In this study, lowtemperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to prepare a compact Al2 O3 underlayer for perovskite solar cells. The thickness of the Al2 O3 layer can be controlled well by adjusting the deposition cycles during the ALD process. An optimal Al2 O3 layer effectively blocks electron recombination at the perovskite/fluorine-doped tin oxide interface and sufficiently transports electrons through tunneling. Perovskite solar cells fabricated with an Al2 O3 layer demonstrated a highest efficiency of 16.2 % for the sample with 50 ALD cycles (ca. 5 nm), which is a significant improvement over underlayer-free PSCs, which have a maximum efficiency of 11.0 %. Detailed characterization confirms that the thickness of the Al2 O3 underlayer significantly influences the charge transfer resistance and electron recombination processes in the devices. Furthermore, this work shows the feasibility of using a high band-gap semiconductor such as Al2 O3 as the underlayer in perovskite solar cells and opens up pathways to use ALD Al2 O3 underlayers for flexible solar cells.
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