| 1. |
- Günther, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia : Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scandinavia was one of the last geographic areas in Europe to become habitable for humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, the routes and genetic composition of these postglacial migrants remain unclear. We sequenced the genomes, up to 57x coverage, of seven hunter-gatherers excavated across Scandinavia and dated from 9,500-6,000 years before present (BP). Surprisingly, among the Scandinavian Mesolithic individuals, the genetic data display an east-west genetic gradient that opposes the pattern seen in other parts of Mesolithic Europe. Our results suggest two different early postglacial migrations into Scandinavia: initially from the south, and later, from the northeast. The latter followed the ice-free Norwegian north Atlantic coast, along which novel and advanced pressure-blade stone-tool techniques may have spread. These two groups met and mixed in Scandinavia, creating a genetically diverse population, which shows patterns of genetic adaptation to high latitude environments. These potential adaptations include high frequencies of low pigmentation variants and a gene region associated with physical performance, which shows strong continuity into modern-day northern Europeans.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Alam, Anzar, et al.
(författare)
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Online surface characterization of paper and paperboards in a wide-range of the spatial wavelength spectrum
- 2012
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 258:20, s. 7928-7935
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the paper industry, surface topography is the essence of both paper and paperboard, and accurate topographical measurements are equally essential in order to achieve a uniform smooth surface. The traditional laboratory methods measure only a few samples from the entire tambour and there are other obvious limitations to this approach. Online measurements may be of significant value to improve the surface quality throughout the production. Roughness is one of the topography components and the majority of techniques measure paper by means of a single predictor of average roughness, R a which is inadequate in providing a comprehensive characterization of the surface. Measurements, in a wide range ofwavelengths, can characterize topography components such as roughness, waviness, cockling, etc. Online measurements were taken for various grades of 8 paper reels, containing the wireside and topsides for newspaper, and uncoated and coated sides of paperboards. Their surfacecharacterization, in the spatial wavelength spectrum, from 0.1 to 10 mm was obtained. This article presents the online characterizationresults which have efficiently distinguished the surfaces of same family materials including the edge and the middle position reels of fine coatedpaperboard. Online measurements were taken, at Iggesund Paperboard Pilot Coater in Sweden, by using a recently developed OnlineTopography (OnTop) device which is based on the principle of light triangulation. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Alam, Anzar, et al.
(författare)
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Online surface roughness characterization of paper and paperboard using a line of light triangulation technique
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 27:3, s. 662-670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within both the paper and paperboard industries, real time monitoring and measurement of surface roughness of a paper moving at high velocities is an important and challenging area of research. The uniform surface, for an entire production, can be effectively achieved by monitoring and controlling the paper surface roughness, in real time during the manufacturing steps. Presently the majority of paper industries rely on traditional laboratory profilometers. The obvious limitations of lab profilometers are that these are slow, do not measure the quality of entire reels but rather deal with only a few small pieces of samples taken from the end of the reels and it is difficult to make any possible correction in the productionlines without knowing the online roughness data. To eradicate the disadvantages associated with conventional measurements, an online prototype instrument has been developed that measures the surface roughness during the manufacturing steps, and is based on a line of lighttriangulation technique. The prototype technique will be of assistance in ensuring tight process control in order to maintain both a better and auniform quality throughout the entire production. It measures the whole reel, meter by meter, in traditional units of roughness and is also capable of characterizing the topography in a wide range of wavelength spectra. The article presents the online analyses results obtained from the developed prototype. The real time measurements, in a paperboard pilot mill, have successfully characterized and distinguished 16 different grades of newspaper and paperboard reels including reels which have the same family of quality grades and materials.
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| 5. |
- Alam, Mohammad Anzar, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of the surface topographical differences between the Cross Direction and the Machine Direction for newspaper and paperboard
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 26:4, s. 468-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper and paperboard surface quality is constantly being improved by the industry. This improvement work deals with the essential fact that the surface topography must be measured, both in relation to offline and online measurements for the manufactured products. Most measurements relating to surface topography (especially online) are performed either in the machine direction (MD) or in the cross direction (CD). It has been the opinion of SCA Ortviken AB and Iggesund Paperboard AB that the surface topography amplitudes are almost always higher in the CD than in the MD, for their products which consist of newspaper and paperboard. This article aims to investigate the rela-tionship between the CD and the MD surface topography amplitudes for a wide range of spatial wavelength for both newspaper and paperboard. The tests and investiga-tions have been conducted using an FRT Microprof profilometer within the range 20 μm up to 8 mm, and the results confirm that the surface topography amplitudes are higher in the CD for most of the shorter spatial wavelength within this range. The results also show significant differences between measurements for different paper qualities, suggesting a requirement to investigate the relationship between the CD and the MD topography for all paper and paperboard qualities of interest for a paper or paperboard mill, before a decision is made in relation to a measurement method.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Practical pulp washing implications of Donnan equlibria in the fiber line
- 2006
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. ; 21:2, s. 264-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The washing of dissolved lignin residues from fibers is significantly favored at low ionic strengths. This is shown to affect the standard procedures for COD analysis of pulp, and evaluations of washing efficiency. In the paper, strategies to take advantage of the effect, in storage towers and in washing equipment, are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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The Donnan theory applied to pulp washing - Experimental studies on the removal of anionic substances from an assumed fiber lumen volume and from the fiber wall
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal. ; 18:4, s. 404-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied how anionic materials, i.e. methylorange, IndulinAT, and water soluble lignin residues from mill sampled pulps, are distributed between a restricted fiber wall liquor volume and the suspension liquor, as a function of the suspension liquor composition. The influence of time, temperature, and molecular size on the leaching of lignin residues from pulp fibers was also studied, as was the exchange of the residues between an assumed fiber lumen volume and the surrounding suspension liquor.It was shown that all the liquor up to a consistency of 35% can be considered as one homogeneous suspension liquor in all practical mill and laboratory situations. A gentle mechanical mixing or liquor displacement is sufficient to exchange the dissolved lignin residues between the assumed lumen volume and the surrounding suspension liquor. It was also shown that the level of mobile anionic material in the fiber wall liquor volume is significantly depleted at low salt concentrations and that the Donnan theory, which describes the fiber ion exchange properties, could be used to estimate the leaching of lignin residues from pulp fibers. Relatively low concentrations of magnesium, i.e. below 50 mM, or high concentrations of sodium ions, i.e. above 400 mM, seem to cause precipitation of these residues within the fiber wall, and reduce the amount of leachable lignin. This phenomenon is not accounted for by the Donnan theory. The leaching of high molecular weight lignin residues was found to be more sensitive to salt and temperature effects than low molecular weight residues.
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| 8. |
- Bergfeldt, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of microbial pathogens in Neolithic Scandinavian humans
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the Neolithic transition, human lifestyle shifted from hunting and gathering to farming. This change altered subsistence patterns, cultural expression, and population structures as shown by the archaeological/zooarchaeological record, as well as by stable isotope and ancient DNA data. Here, we used metagenomic data to analyse if the transitions also impacted the microbiome composition in 25 Mesolithic and Neolithic hunter-gatherers and 13 Neolithic farmers from several Scandinavian Stone Age cultural contexts. Salmonella enterica, a bacterium that may have been the cause of death for the infected individuals, was found in two Neolithic samples from Battle Axe culture contexts. Several species of the bacterial genus Yersinia were found in Neolithic individuals from Funnel Beaker culture contexts as well as from later Neolithic context. Transmission of e.g. Y. enterocolitica may have been facilitated by the denser populations in agricultural contexts.
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| 9. |
- Bergfeldt, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of microbial pathogens in Neolithic Scandinavian humans
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the Neolithic transition, human lifestyle shifted from hunting and gathering to farming. This change altered subsistence patterns, cultural expression, and population structures as shown by the archaeological/zooarchaeological record, as well as by stable isotope and ancient DNA data. Here, we used metagenomic data to analyse if the transitions also impacted the microbiome composition in 25 Mesolithic and Neolithic hunter-gatherers and 13 Neolithic farmers from several Scandinavian Stone Age cultural contexts. Salmonella enterica, a bacterium that may have been the cause of death for the infected individuals, was found in two Neolithic samples from Battle Axe culture contexts. Several species of the bacterial genus Yersinia were found in Neolithic individuals from Funnel Beaker culture contexts as well as from later Neolithic context. Transmission of e.g. Y. enterocolitica may have been facilitated by the denser populations in agricultural contexts.
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| 10. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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A Process for Participatory Democracy in Electronic Government
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis. - : Wiley. - 1057-9214 .- 1099-1360. ; 15:1-2, s. 15-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a project and case study integrating decision methods into democratic processes. The case discussed is a set of three complicated decisions in a municipality in Sweden. The decisions had been postponed on several occasions prior to bringing in the method described in the paper. The method employed consists of two main parts. The interaction part contains the communication channels directed to the stakeholders. The decision-process part consists of a three-layered working process model. As a part of the method, the project was highly visible on the web. Citizens were encouraged to submit material to the project. All intermediate results of the process were continuously published, enhancing transparency. For each decision, the analysis consisted of comparing all alternatives, taking the respective criteria into account as weighted or ranked by the participants. A method for recording compromises analytically was also used. The purpose was not to replace the political process but to support it in a structured way.
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