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| 2. |
- Bereczky-Veress, Biborka, et al.
(författare)
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Host strain-dependent difference in susceptibility in a rat model of herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of neurovirology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1538-2443 .- 1355-0284. ; 14:2, s. 102-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is characterized by severe focal brain inflammation leading to substantial loss of nervous tissue. The authors established a model of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV)-1-induced acute encephalitis in the rat by injecting into the whiskers' area a virus strain isolated from a fatal human HSE case. The model might resemble natural propagation of HSV-1 in humans; spreading from the mouth and lips via the trigeminal nerve to trigeminal ganglia and subsequently entering the central nervous system (CNS). HSV-1 infected Dark Agouti (DA) rats developed a well-synchronized disease and died 5 days after inoculation. HSV-1 detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), virus isolation and immunohistochemistry, magnetic resonance imaging, and histopathological examination verified dramatic encephalitis mainly in the brainstem, but also in the olfactory bulb and other segments of the brain of diseased rats. In contrast, Piebald Virol Glaxo (PVG) rats were completely resistant to disease, displaying a more rapid clearance of peripheral infection and no evidence of virus entering into neither the trigeminal ganglia nor the CNS. These results suggest a regulation of susceptibility to HSV-1-induced encephalitis at the level of peripheral infection and subsequent neuronal uptake/transport of the virus. This provides a basis for future positioning of genetic polymorphisms regulating HSE and for dissection of important pathogenetic mechanisms of this severe human disease.
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| 4. |
- Ingri, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Iron isotope pathways in the boreal landscape : Role of the riparian zone
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533 .- 0046-564X. ; 239, s. 49-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stable Fe isotope compositions have been measured in water samples of the subarctic Kalix River, a first-order stream, and soil water samples from a riparian soil profile adjacent to the first-order stream (Northern Sweden). In the first-order stream, dominated by forest, both the particulate (>0.22 µm) and dissolved (<0.22 µm) phase showed negative δ56Fe values (relative to IRMM-014) during base flow and meltwater discharge in May (−0.97 to −0.09‰). The Fe isotope composition in the water from the riparian soil profile varied between −0.20 and +0.91‰ with sharp gradients near the groundwater table. A linear correlation between the δ56Fe values and the TOC/Febulk ratio was measured during snowmelt in the unfiltered river waters (δ56Fe from −0.02 to +0.54‰), suggesting mixing of two Fe components. Two groups of Fe aggregates, with different Fe isotope compositions, are formed in the boreal landscape. We propose that carbon-rich aggregates, Fe(II)(III)-OC, have negative δ56Fe values and Fe-oxyhydroxides have positive δ56Fe values. A mixture of these two components can explain temporal variations of the Fe isotope composition in the Kalix River. This study suggests that stable Fe isotopes can be used as a tool to track and characterize suspended Fe-organic carbon aggregates during transport from the soil, via first-order streams and rivers, to coastal sediment. Furthermore, the differences in Fe isotope values in the Kalix River and the first-order stream during base flow conditions suggest that the primary Fe sources for river water change throughout the year. This model is combining the Fe isotope composition of first-order streams and rivers to weathering and transport processes in the riparian soil.
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| 6. |
- Diez, Margarita, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of gene regions regulating inflammatory microglial response in the rat CNS after nerve injury
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8421 .- 0165-5728. ; 212:1-2, s. 82-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local CNS inflammation takes place in many neurological disorders and is important for autoimmune neuroinflammation. Microglial activation is strain-dependent in rats and differential MHC class II expression is influenced by variations in the Mhc2ta gene. Despite sharing Mhc2ta and MHC class II alleles, BN and LEW.1N rats differ in MHC class II expression after ventral root avulsion (VRA). We studied MHC class II expression and glial activation markers in BN rats after VRA. Our results demonstrate that MHC class II expression originates from a subpopulation of IBA1(+), ED1(-), and ED2(-) microglia. We subsequently performed a genome-wide linkage scan in an F2(BNxLEW.1N) population, to investigate gene regions regulating this inflammatory response. Alongside MHC class II, we studied the expression of MHC class 1, costimulatory molecules, complement components, microglial markers and Il1b. MHC class II and other transcripts were commonly regulated by gene regions on chromosomes 1 and 7. Furthermore, a common region on chromosome 10 regulated expression of complement and co-stimulatory molecules, while a region on chromosome II regulated MHC class I. We also detected epistatic interactions in the regulation of the inflammatory process. These results reveal the complex regulation of CNS inflammation by several gene regions, which may have relevance for disease. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Dominguez, Cecilia A, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analysis of neuropathic pain-like behavior following peripheral nerve injury suggests a role of the major histocompatibility complex in development of allodynia
- 2008
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Ingår i: Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1872-6623 .- 0304-3959. ; 136:3, s. 313-319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropathic pain is a common consequence of damage to the nervous system. We here report a genetic analysis of development of neuropathic pain-like behaviors after unilateral photochemically-induced ischemic sciatic nerve injury in a panel of inbred rat strains known to display different susceptibility to autoimmune neuroinflammation. Pain behavior was initially characterized in Dark-Agouti (DA; RT1(avl)), Piebald Virol Glaxo (PVG; RT1(c)), and in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-congenic strain PVG-RT1(avl). All strains developed mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia) following nerve injury. However, the extent and duration of allodynia varied significantly among the strains, with PVG displaying more severe allodynia compared to DA rats. Interestingly, the response of PVG-RT1(avR1) was similar to that of DA, suggesting regulation by the MHC locus. This notion was subsequently confirmed in an F2 cohort derived from crossing of the PVG and PVG-RT1(avl) strains, where allodynia was reduced in homozygous or heterozygous carriers of the RT1(avl) allele in comparison to rats homozygous for the RT1(c) allele. These results indicate that certain allelic variants of the MHC could influence susceptibility to develop and maintain neuropathic pain-like behavior following peripheral nerve injury in rats.
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| 8. |
- Gahrton, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Viremic hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV infection, and vaccination status among prisoners in Stockholm County
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2334. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Identification and knowledge of settings with high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is important when aiming for elimination of HCV. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners. Secondary aims were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the proportion who have received hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination.METHODS: A cross-sectional study of all incarcerated persons (n = 667) at all prisons (n = 9) in Stockholm County was conducted. All prisoners are routinely offered opt-in screening for HCV antibodies (anti-HCV), HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HIV Ag/Ab at prison in Sweden. Data on the results of these tests and the number of received HBV vaccine doses were collected from the prison medical records. The parameters of HCV RNA, anti-HCV, and occurrence of testing for HCV were analysed in multiple logistic regression models in relation to age, sex and prison security class.RESULTS: The median age was 35 (IQR 26-44) years, and 93.4% were men. Seventy-one percent (n = 471) had been tested for anti-HCV, 70% (n = 465) for HBsAg and 71% (n = 471) for HIV. The prevalence of anti-HCV, HCV RNA, HBsAg and HIV Ag/Ab was 17.0, 11.5, 1.9, and 0.2%, respectively among tested persons. The proportion of prisoners who had received full HBV vaccination was 40.6% (n = 271) among all study subjects.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of viremic HCV infection among Swedish prisoners in Stockholm County was 11.5%, which is high in comparison to the general population. Therefore, when aiming for the WHO goal of HCV elimination, prisons could suit as a platform for identification and treatment of HCV infection. There is a need to increase testing for blood-borne viruses and to improve vaccination coverage against HBV in Swedish prisons.
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| 9. |
- Gielen, Alexander W., et al.
(författare)
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Expression of T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecules-1 and -3 (TIM-1 and -3) in the rat nervous and immune systems
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-5728 .- 1872-8421. ; 164:1, s. 93-104
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecules (TIMs) can be used as T helper (Th) differentiation markers in the human and mouse. We examined the expression of TIM-1 and -3 mRNAs in rat MBP(63-88)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). TIM-3 expression was upregulated in the spinal cord during EAE and following antigen restimulation of the encephalitogenic TCRBV8S2+ population. Interestingly, TIM-3 expression was also detected by in situ hybridization in resident cells of the nervous system. TIM-1 was expressed in B cells but not in resident CNS cells and TIM-1 mRNA levels in spinal cord were unchanged throughout the course of EAE. These results support the notion that TIM-3 can also be used as a Th1 differentiation marker in the rat. However, expression of TIM-1 and -3 is not restricted solely to T cells and the presence of TIM-3 in resident CNS cells may indicate a role for this molecule in the interaction between the nervous and immune systems.
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| 10. |
- Harnesk, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Differential nerve injury-induced expression of MHC class II in the mouse correlates to genetic variability in the type I promoter of C2ta
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-8421 .- 0165-5728. ; 212:1-2, s. 44-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II is of critical importance for the induction of immune responses. Levels of MHC class II in the nervous system are normally low, but expression is up-regulated in many disease conditions. In rat and human, variation in the MHC class II transactivator gene (Uta) is associated with differential expression of MHC class II and susceptibility to autoimmune disease. Here we have characterized the response to facial nerve transection in 7 inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, 129X1/SvJ, BALB/cJ, SJL/J, CBA/J, and NOD). The results demonstrate differences in expression of C2ta and markers for MHC class I and II expression, glial activation. and T cell infiltration. Expression levels of C2ta and Cd74 followed similar patterns, in contrast to MHC class I and markers of glial activation. The regulatory region of the C2ta gene was subsequently sequenced in the four strains (C57BL/6/J, DBA/2J, SJL/J and 129X1/SvJ) that represented the phenotypical extremes with regard to C2ta/Cd74 expression. We found 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the type I (pI) and type III (pIII) promoters of C2ta, respectively. Higher expression of pI in 129X1/SvJ correlated with the pI haplotype specific for this strain. Furthermore, congenic strains carrying the 129X1/SvJ C2ta allele on B6 background displayed significantly higher C2ta and Cd74 expression compared to parental controls. We conclude that genetic polymorphisms in the type I promoter of C2ta regulates differential expression of MHC class II, but not MHC class I, Cd3 and other markers of glial activation. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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