| 1. |
- Spinelli, L., et al.
(författare)
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Determination of reference values for optical properties of liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink
- 2014
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Ingår i: Biomedical Optics Express. - : Optical Society of America. - 2156-7085. ; 5:7, s. 2037-2053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-center study has been set up to accurately characterize the optical properties of diffusive liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink at near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Nine research laboratories from six countries adopting different measurement techniques, instrumental set-ups, and data analysis methods determined at their best the optical properties and relative uncertainties of diffusive dilutions prepared with common samples of the two compounds. By exploiting a suitable statistical model, comprehensive reference values at three NIR wavelengths for the intrinsic absorption coefficient of India ink and the intrinsic reduced scattering coefficient of Intralipid-20% were determined with an uncertainty of about 2% or better, depending on the wavelength considered, and 1%, respectively. Even if in this study we focused on particular batches of India ink and Intralipid, the reference values determined here represent a solid and useful starting point for preparing diffusive liquid phantoms with accurately defined optical properties. Furthermore, due to the ready availability, low cost, long-term stability and batch-to-batch reproducibility of these compounds, they provide a unique fundamental tool for the calibration and performance assessment of diffuse optical spectroscopy instrumentation intended to be used in laboratory or clinical environment. Finally, the collaborative work presented here demonstrates that the accuracy level attained in this work for optical properties of diffusive phantoms is reliable.
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| 2. |
- Leahy, M.J., et al.
(författare)
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Developments in laser Doppler blood perfusion monitoring
- 2002
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. ; 4876:1, s. 128-139
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper reviews the development and use of laser Doppler perfusion monitors and imagers. Despite their great success and almost universal applicability in microcirculation research, they have had great difficulty in converting to widespread clinical application. The enormous interest in microvascular blood perfusion coupled with the 'ease of use' of the technique has led to 2000+ publications citing its use. However, useful results can only be achieved with an understanding of the basic principles of the instrumentation and its application in the various clinical disciplines. The basic technical background is explored and definitions of blood perfusion and laser Doppler perfusion are established. The calibration method is then described together with potential routes to standardisation. A guide to the limitations in application of the technique gives the user a clear indication of what can be achieved in new studies as well as possible inadequacy in some published investigations. Finally some clinical applications have found acceptability and these will be explored.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Abadpour, Shadab, et al.
(författare)
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Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells Preserve Pancreatic Islet Function in a Transplantable 3D Bioprinted Scaffold
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced healthcare materials. - 2192-2640 .- 2192-2659. ; 12:32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intra-portal islet transplantation is currently the only clinically approved beta cell replacement therapy, but its outcome is hindered by limited cell survival due to a multifactorial reaction against the allogeneic tissue in liver. Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) can potentially improve the islet micro-environment by their immunomodulatory action. The challenge is to combine both islets and ASCs in a relatively easy and consistent long-term manner in a deliverable scaffold. Manufacturing the 3D bioprinted double-layered scaffolds with primary islets and ASCs using a mix of alginate/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) bioink is reported. The diffusion properties of the bioink and the supportive effect of human ASCs on islet viability, glucose sensing, insulin secretion, and reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines are demonstrated. Diabetic mice transplanted with islet-ASC scaffolds reach normoglycemia seven days post-transplantation with no significant difference between this group and the group received islets under the kidney capsules. In addition, animals transplanted with islet-ASC scaffolds stay normoglycemic and show elevated levels of C-peptide compared to mice transplanted with islet-only scaffolds. The data present a functional 3D bioprinted scaffold for islets and ASCs transplanted to the extrahepatic site and suggest a possible role of ASCs on improving the islet micro-environment.
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| 5. |
- Arokiasamy, Perianayagam, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low-and Middle-Income Countries : Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 185:6, s. 414-428
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we examine patterns of self-reported diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and prevalences of algorithm/measured test-based, undiagnosed, and untreated NCDs in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. Nationally representative samples of older adults aged >= 50 years were analyzed from wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (2007-2010; n = 34,149). Analyses focused on 6 conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, and hypertension. Outcomes for these NCDs were: 1) self-reported disease, 2) algorithm/measured test-based disease, 3) undiagnosed disease, and 4) untreated disease. Algorithm/measured test-based prevalence of NCDs was much higher than self-reported prevalence in all 6 countries, indicating underestimation of NCD prevalence in low-and middle-income countries. Undiagnosed prevalence of NCDs was highest for hypertension, ranging from 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.1, 21.3) in India to 49.6% (95% CI: 46.2, 53.0) in South Africa. The proportion untreated among all diseases was highest for depression, ranging from 69.5% (95% CI: 57.1, 81.9) in South Africa to 93.2% (95% CI: 90.1, 95.7) in India. Higher levels of education and wealth significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition and untreated morbidity. A high prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs and an even higher proportion of untreated NCDs highlights the inadequacies in diagnosis and management of NCDs in local health-care systems.
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| 6. |
- Baron, U, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic immune cell counting in human blood samples for immunodiagnostics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science translational medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1946-6242 .- 1946-6234. ; 10:452
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epigenetic immune cell counting provides a potentially more robust platform to diagnose immune defects in adults and newborns.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Burnett, AL, et al.
(författare)
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Erectile Function Outcome Reporting After Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Urol. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). ; 178:2, s. 597-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose In conjunction with the assignment to update the Guidelines for Management of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer, the American Urological Association Prostate Cancer Guideline Update Panel performed a side analysis of the reporting of erectile function outcomes in this clinical context as published in the medical literature. Materials and Methods Four National Library of Medicine PubMed® Services literature searches targeting articles published from 1991 through early 2004 were done to derive outcome reporting (efficacy or side effects) for the treatment of clinical stage T1 or T2 N0M0 prostate cancer. A database was constructed containing descriptions relating to erectile function as well as numerical frequency rates of complete erectile dysfunction, and partial and intact erectile function for various treatments. A literature review was also done, consisting of a PubMed Services search of current measures and protocols used for assessing erectile function outcomes and a survey of consensus opinion sources on the management of male sexual dysfunctions. Results Based on inclusion criteria 436 articles were selected. Of these articles database extraction from 100 pertaining to radical prostatectomy garnered various characterizations of erectile function, including qualitative descriptions, generic terminology and rating systems. Database extraction from 31 articles, in which results for at least 50 patients were reported, yielded ranges of rates for complete erectile dysfunction, partial erectile function and intact erectile function that were 26% to 100%, 16% to 48% and 9% to 86% for radical prostatectomy, 8% to 85%, 21% to 47% and 36% to 63% for external beam radiation, and 14% to 61%, 21% and 18% for interstitial radiation, respectively. The literature review showed an evolution in standards for studying and reporting erectile function outcomes. Conclusions Clinical studies reporting erectile function outcomes after localized prostate cancer treatment often demonstrate poorly interpretable and inconsistent manners of assessment as well as widely disparate rates of erectile dysfunction and erectile function. Future studies must apply scientifically rigorous methodology and standard outcomes measures to advance this field of study.
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| 9. |
- Gerbault, Pascale, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of lactase persistence : an example of human niche construction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8436 .- 1471-2970. ; 366:1566, s. 863-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Niche construction is the process by which organisms construct important components of their local environment in ways that introduce novel selection pressures. Lactase persistence is one of the clearest examples of niche construction in humans. Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose and its production decreases after the weaning phase in most mammals, including most humans. Some humans, however, continue to produce lactase throughout adulthood, a trait known as lactase persistence. In European populations, a single mutation (-13910*T) explains the distribution of the phenotype, whereas several mutations are associated with it in Africa and the Middle East. Current estimates for the age of lactase persistence-associated alleles bracket those for the origins of animal domestication and the culturally transmitted practice of dairying. We report new data on the distribution of -13910*T and summarize genetic studies on the diversity of lactase persistence worldwide. We review relevant archaeological data and describe three simulation studies that have shed light on the evolution of this trait in Europe. These studies illustrate how genetic and archaeological information can be integrated to bring new insights to the origins and spread of lactase persistence. Finally, we discuss possible improvements to these models.
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