| 1. |
- Anticona, Cynthia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the possible impact of oral nutritional supplements on children's oral health : an in vitro investigation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Dentistry Journal. - : MDPI. - 2304-6767. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eight pediatric oral nutritional supplements (ONSs) and 0.5% fat bovine milk were examined in vitro regarding their effect on the adhesion of three caries-related bacteria, Streptococcus mutans (strain CCUG 11877T), Lactobacillus gasseri (strain CCUG 31451), and Scardovia wiggsiae (strain CCUG 58090), to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite, as well as their pH and capacity to withstand pH changes. Bacteria were cultivated and radiolabeled. The adhesion assays used synthetic hydroxyapatite coated with whole or parotid saliva. Measurements of pH and titration of the products with HCl and NaOH were conducted in triplicate. Three ONSs promoted the S. mutans adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (increase from 35% to >200%), supporting caries risk enhancement. S. wigssiae and L. gasseri adhered only to one and no ONS, respectively. Most supplements had limited buffering capacity to counteract acidification changes, suggesting their low capacity to neutralize acids, and one ONS showed a significant capacity to counteract basic changes, suggesting a high erosive potential. S. mutans adhesion was influenced by the ONS pH and volume NaOH added to reach pH 10. L. gasseri and S. wiggsiae adhesion was influenced by the ONSs' carbohydrate and fat content. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to increase awareness and prevent the possible negative impact of ONSs on children's oral health.
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| 2. |
- Anticona Huaynate, Cynthia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing inequities in unmet oral care needs among adults in Sweden : An intersectional approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 51:3, s. 428-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The goal of the Swedish oral healthcare system is to achieve good oral health and equitable access to care for the entire population. However, considerable inequities in oral health and care are evident and occur across a range of social dimensions. This study uses an intersectional approach to examine complex inequities in unmet oral care needs among adults in Sweden over the period 2004–2021.Methods: Data were obtained from 14 Health on Equal Terms surveys conducted during 2004–2021. The final sample was 129 473 individuals aged 26–84 years. Applying intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy, inequities in unmet oral care needs were estimated across 48 intersectional strata defined by gender, age, educational level, individual disposable income and immigrant status.Results: A high risk of unmet oral care needs was found among strata consisting of immigrants and those with low income. However, being an immigrant and/or having a low income did not universally entail a high risk but varied by the social position along other axes, particularly age and education. The discriminatory accuracy was moderate.Conclusion: Groups with certain social disadvantages are highly heterogeneous themselves. An intersectionality approach is important to prevent the risk of stigmatizing large heterogenous groups while failing to identify the most vulnerable strata. The discriminatory accuracy analysis suggested that further policy and/or interventions may be the most effective if approaching the whole population, combined with selected targeted interventions directed at the most disadvantaged social strata.
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| 3. |
- Anticona Huaynate, Cynthia, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of an oral care subsidization reform on intersectional inequities in self-rated oral health in Sweden
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal for Equity in Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1475-9276. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Oral health in Sweden is good at the population level, but seemingly with persisting or increasing inequities over the last decades. In 2008, a major Swedish reform introduced universal partial subsidies to promote preventive care and reduce the treatment cost for patients with extensive care needs. This study aimed to apply an intersectional approach to assess the impact of the 2008 subsidization reform on inequities in self-rated oral health among adults in Sweden over the period 2004–2018.Methods: Data from 14 national surveys conducted over 2004–2018 were divided into three study periods: pre-reform (2004–2007), early post-reform (2008–2012) and late post-reform (2013–2018). The final study population was 118,650 individuals aged 24–84 years. Inequities in self-rated oral health were examined by intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy across 48 intersectional strata defined by gender, age, educational level, income, and immigrant status.Results: Overall, the prevalence of poor self-rated oral health decreased gradually after the reform. Gender-, education- and income-related inequities increased after the reform, but no discernible change was seen for age- or immigration-related inequities. The majority of intersectional strata experienced patterns of persistently or delayed increased inequities following the reform.Conclusions: Increased inequities in self-rated oral health were found in most intersectional strata following the reform, despite the seemingly positive oral health trends at the population level. Applying an intersectional approach might be particularly relevant for welfare states with overall good oral health outcomes but unsuccessful efforts to reduce inequities.
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| 4. |
- Cagar, E, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of chewing gums containing xylitol or probiotic bacteria on salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
- 2007
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - Berlin : Springer. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 11:4, s. 425-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate the effect of xylitol and probiotic chewing gums on salivary mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB). The material consisted of 80 healthy young adults (21-24 years) who volunteered after informed consent. They were assigned by random into one of four parallel study groups: A, probiotic gum group; B, xylitol gum group; C, probiotic + xylitol gum group; and D, placebo gum group. The gums were taken three times daily after meals, and the intervention period was 3 weeks. The probiotic gums contained two strains of Lactobacilli reuteri (ATCC 55730 at a dose of 1 x 10(8) CFU/gum and ATCC PTA 5289 at a dose of 1 x 10(8) CFU/gum), and each pellet of the xylitol gum contained approximately 1.0 g xylitol as single sweetener. Pretreatment and posttreatment samples of stimulated whole saliva were collected and quantified for MS and LB with chair-side kits. A statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) of salivary MS was displayed in group A and B after the intervention when compared with baseline. A similar but nonsignificant tendency was seen in group C. No alterations of salivary LB was demonstrated in any group. In conclusion, daily chewing on gums containing probiotic bacteria or xylitol reduced the levels of salivary MS in a significant way. However, a combination of probiotic and xylitol gums did not seem to enhance this effect.
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| 5. |
- Danielsson Niemi, Liza, 1976-
(författare)
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Host ligands and oral bacterial adhesion : studies on phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Infectious diseases e.g. gastric ulcer, caries and perodontitis, are caused by bacteria in a biofilm. Adhesion of bacteria to host ligands e.g. proteins, polypeptides and glycoproteins, is a key event in biofilm formation and colonization of surfaces such as mucosa and tooth tissues. Thus, host ligands could contribute to the susceptibility to infectious diseases. The general aim of this doctoral thesis was to study the effect of phosphorylated polypeptides and gp-340 in saliva and milk on oral bacterial adhesion and aggregation. Statherin is a non-glycosylated, phosphorylated polypeptide in saliva. The polypeptide inhibits precipitation and crystal growth of calcium phosphate and mediates adhesion of microorganisms. By using a hybrid peptide construct, the domain for adhesion of Actinomyces isolated from human infections and from rodents was found to reside in the C-terminal end, and the adhesion was inhibitable. With alanine substitution the peptide recognition epitope in the C-terminal end was delineated to Q and TF, where QAATF was an optimal inhibitory peptide. In contrast, human commensal Actinomyces bound to the middle region in a non-inhibitable fashion. Gp-340 is another protein in saliva, and it is a large, multifunctional glycoprotein. Four novel size variants (I-IV) of salivary gp-340 were distinguished within individuals, and their glycoforms were characterized. All four size variants were identical in the N-terminal amino acid sequence and shared core carbohydrates. Low-glyco lung gp-340, high-glyco saliva gp-340, and size variants I-III aggregated bacteria differently. Human milk, which shares many traits with saliva, could inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus mutans to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (s-HA), a model for teeth, in an individually varying fashion. Human milk caseins, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, and IgG inhibited the binding avidly. By using synthetic peptides the inhibitory epitope in b-casein was mapped to a C-terminal stretch of 30 amino acids. Inhibition by human milk, secretory IgA and the b-casein-derived inhibitory peptide was universal among a panel of mutans streptococci. The main conclusions are: (i) statherin mediates differential binding of commensal versus infectious Actinomyces strains with small conformation-dependent binding epitopes, (ii) salivary gp-340 has individual polymorphisms that at least affect binding of bacteria, (iii) human milk inhibits S. mutans adhesion to s-HA in an individually varying fashion, and the C-terminal end of human milk β-casein is one inhibitory component. Together these results suggest that the studied host ligands can influence the composition of the oral biofilm. Statherin may protect the host from colonization of bacteria associated with infections. Gp-340 size variants may affect functions related to host innate immune defences such as interactions with a wide array of bacteria, and human milk may have a protective effect in infants from colonization of mutans streptococci.
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| 6. |
- Dodhia, Serena A., et al.
(författare)
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Examining the causal association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and caries in children and adults : A two-sample Mendelian randomization approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Wellcome Open Research. - : F1000 Research Ltd. - 2398-502X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Prior observational studies have reported that higher levels of vitamin D are associated with decreased caries risk in children. However, these studies are prone to bias and confounding so do not provide causal inference. Genetic variants associated with a risk factor of interest can be used as proxies, in a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, to test for causal association with an outcome. The objective was to estimate the causal association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) (the commonly measured vitamin D metabolite in blood) and dental caries using a two-sample MR approach which estimates the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome.Methods: A total of 79 genetic variants reliably associated with 25(OH)D were identified from genome-wide association studies and used as a proxy measure of 25(OH)D. The association of this proxy measure with three outcome measures was tested; specifically: caries in primary teeth (n=17,035, aged 3-12 years), caries in permanent teeth in childhood and adolescence (n=13,386, aged 6-18 years), and caries severity in adulthood proxied by decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) counts (n=26,792, aged 18-93 years).Results: The estimated causal effect of a one standard deviation increase in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D could be summarized as an odds ratio of 1.06 (95%CI: 0.81, 1.31; P=0.66) for caries in primary teeth and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.76, 1.23; P=0.97) for caries in permanent teeth in childhood and adolescence. In adults, the estimated casual effect of a one standard deviation increase in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D was 0.31 fewer affected tooth surfaces (95%CI: from 1.81 fewer DMFS to 1.19 more DMFS; P=0.68)Conclusions: The MR-derived effect estimates for these three measures are small in magnitude with wide confidence intervals and do not provide evidence for a causal relationship between 25(OH)D and dental caries.
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| 7. |
- Eriksson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Allelic Variation in Taste Genes Is Associated with Taste and Diet Preferences and Dental Caries
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 11:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taste and diet preferences are complex and influenced by both environmental and host traits while affecting both food selection and associated health outcomes. The present study genotyped 94 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in previously reported taste and food intake related genes and assessed associations with taste threshold (TT) and preferred intensity (PT) of sweet, sour and bitter, food preferences, habitual diet intake, and caries status in healthy young Swedish men and women (n = 127). Polymorphisms in the GNAT3, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes were associated with variation in TT and PT for sweet taste as well as sweet food intake. Increasing PT for sweet was associated with increasing preference and intake of sugary foods. Similarly, increasing TT for sour was associated with increasing intake of sour foods, whereas the associations between food preference/intake and TT/PT for bitter was weak in this study group. Finally, allelic variation in the GNAT3, SLC2A2, SLC2A4, TAS1R1 and TAS1R2 genes was associated with caries status, whereas TT, PT and food preferences were not. It was concluded that variations in taste receptor, glucose transporter and gustducin encoding genes are related to taste perception, food preference and intake as well as the sugar-dependent caries disease.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Eriksson, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial complexes and caries in 17-year-olds with and without Streptococcus mutans
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Dental Research. - Thousand oaks : Sage Publications. - 0022-0345 .- 1544-0591. ; 97:3, s. 275-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streptococcus mutans is a key bacterial species in the caries process, which affects >90% of the population worldwide. However, other acidogenic and aciduric/acidophilic species may contribute to disease development. In Sweden, a country with low prevalences of caries and S. mutans, a significant portion of caries-affected adolescents lack detectable levels of S. mutans. The objectives of the present study were 1) to characterize the tooth biofilm and saliva microbiota of adolescents with caries disease, with or without detectable S. mutans, from tooth biofilm and saliva samples and 2) to assess taxa clustering in the tooth biofilm and saliva samples and relate this information to caries status. For 17-y-old participants ( N = 154), enamel and dentin caries (the total number of present carious surfaces in the enamel and dentin) and caries experience (the number of decayed and filled tooth surfaces) were recorded, dental biofilm and saliva samples obtained, and information on medical and lifestyle habits collected. Multiplex 16S rDNA (V3-V4) sequencing of bacterial DNA was performed with the Illumina MiSeq platform. The Human Oral Microbiome Database and the ProbeSeq pipeline were used in the HOMI NGS procedure. In subjects with caries experience, high levels of S. mutans were associated with a few species and low levels with a panel of saccharolytic species. Present caries was similarly associated with a panel of saccharolytic species in subjects without S. mutans. Furthermore, tooth biofilm microbiota could be used to establish 4 clusters of subjects with different caries experiences. In particular, high levels of S. mutans were associated with the presence of a few influential species in multivariate modeling, including Scardovia wiggsiae. By contrast, a panel of less avid lactic acid-producing species was influential in patients with undetectable or low S. mutans levels in such modeling. These findings support a prominent role of S. mutans in infected adolescents but also the ecologic concept, especially in S. mutans-free subjects.
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Linda, 1979-
(författare)
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Oral microbiota in relation to host traits, environment, and dental caries
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Dental caries still appears at high prevalence worldwide. Disease distribution is skewed with more disease in socio-economically weak groups. However, also in populations considered as “low caries” there is a significant fraction with continuous disease development. Caries develops when the hard tissues of the tooth is demineralized, which occurs when pH drops below approximately 5.5 for enamel and 6.2 for dentine. The pH drop follows fermentation and acid production by tooth colonising bacteria upon dietary carbohydrate exposure. Thus, understanding the interactions between oral bacteria, diet and host factors is essential for managing the disease. The overall aim of this thesis was to study the oral microbiota in relation to caries and its association with sugar intake and driving forces behind sugar intake.Material and method: Saliva and tooth biofilm samples, information on caries status, dietary habits and other lifestyle data were collected from 17-23 year old participants. The participants also carried out a tasting session for the tastes sour, sweet and bitter. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and tooth biofilm and analysed using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing with two platforms. Taxa were classified against the eHOMD database. Taste gene genotyping was done by mass spectrometry. Data were compared by univariate and multivariate statistical methods.Results: Oral microbiota was analysed in 64 adolescents. Streptococcus mutans, Scardovia wiggsiae, Bifidobacterium longum and Lepotrichia sp. HOT 498 displayed strong association with having caries, whereas Corynebacterium matruchotii and tooth brushing were associated with being caries-free. It was also confirmed that S.mutans was not compulsory for having caries. The oral microbiota in caries affected adolescents without S. mutans in was evaluated, and found to be characterised by a wide panel of saccharolytic non-S.mutans species. In contrast, tooth biofilms in individuals with caries and S. mutans were enriched for relatively few saccharolytic species in addition to S.mutans. Further, the overall microbiota pattern fell into four distinct clusters with deviating caries prevalence. The association with a set of lifestyle factors was searched, and sugar intake was found to differ between the groups. In the cluster with the highest sugar intake, the microbiota was less diverse and low sugar intake was characterized by enumeration of C. durum, C. matruchotiiand S. sanguinis. To deepen the knowledge on mechanisms behind sweet food intake, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) genotyping in genes reported to be associated with taste regulation or sugar intake was done. SNPs in four genes were associated with sensitivity and preference for sweet taste and in the SLC2A2 gene also with caries.Conclusions: This project confirmed that dental caries is not a single species disease, and in the present population S. mutans, S. wiggsiae, and B. longum were significant for having caries. It was also confirmed that S. mutans is not essential for having caries. Tooth biofilm microbiota in S. mutans free adolescents was characterised by a larger diversity of species than seen in those with caries and S. mutans. It may be hypothesised that sugar intake and associated pH drops alone or in interaction with host biology play a role in the differentiation of the microbiota into the distinct profiles. This was supported by the finding that sugar intake was related to microbiota clustering and less community diversity. In this perspective the genetically based influence on sugar preference should be taken into account in dietary counselling which is an important aspect in caries prevention and treatment.
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