| 1. |
- Gyllenhammar, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Perfluoroalkyl acid levels in first-time mothers in relation to offspring weight gain and growth
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 111, s. 191-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated if maternal body burdens of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) at the time of delivery are associated with birth outcome and if early life exposure (in utero/nursing) is associated with early childhood growth and weight gain. Maternal PFAA body burdens were estimated by analysis of serum samples from mothers living in Uppsala County, Sweden (POPUP), sampled three weeks after delivery between 1996 and 2011. Data on child length and weight were collected from medical records and converted into standard deviation scores (SDS). Multiple linear regression models with appropriate covariates were used to analyze associations between maternal PFAA levels and birth outcomes (n = 381). After birth Generalized Least Squares models were used to analyze associations between maternal PFAA and child growth (n = 200). Inverse associations were found between maternal levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), and birth weight SDS with a change of - 0.10 to - 0.18 weight SDS for an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase in ng/g PFAA. After birth, weight and length SDS were not significantly associated with maternal PFAA. However, BMI SDS was significantly associated with PFOA, PFNA, and PFHxS at 3 and 4 years of age, and with PFOS at 4 and 5 years of age. If causal, these associations suggest that PFAA affects fetal and childhood body development in different directions.
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| 2. |
- Gyllenhammar, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Tidstrend 1996-2011: Bisfenol A (BPA) och andrafenolära ämnen i blod från förstföderskor i Uppsala
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Under perioden 1996 till 2011 har Livsmedelsverket samlat in blodserum från förstföderskor i Uppsalalän. Ett av syftena med studierna är att undersöka hur halterna av vissa persistenta organiska miljögifter(POP) förändras med tiden. I denna rapport utvärderas blodserumnivåer för fem fenolära ämnen,bisfenol A (BPA), bisfenol S (BPS), bisfenol F (BPF), 4-nonylfenol (4-NP) och bensofenon-3 (BP-3).Den fria formen av ämnena analyserades med hjälp av UPLC-MS/MS.Resultaten tyder på att halterna av alla dessa ämnen är låga och ligger under kvantifieringsgränsen(LOQ = 0,1 ng/ml). Nivåer av fritt BPA som uppmättes i vissa prover kommer troligtvis frånkontamination under provhanteringens gång och inte från faktiska nivåer i blodet. Slutsatsen är atthalterna av fritt BPA, BPS, BPF, 4-NP och BP-3 har varit låga hos ammande kvinnor från Uppsalaregionenmellan åren 1996-2011. Studien antyder att det är tveksamt att använda biobankadeblodprover för analys av BPA-exponering i befolkningen, om inte provtagning och provhanteringgenomförts på ett sätt som gör att BPA-kontamination av proverna kan uteslutas.
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| 3. |
- Gyllenhammar, Irina, et al.
(författare)
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Utvärdering av samband mellan mammors POP-belastning under graviditets- och amningsperioden och deras barns hälsa
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 1996 har Livsmedelsverket regelbundet samlat in modersmjölk och blod från förstföderskor i Uppsala för analys av persistenta organiska miljöföroreningar (POPar). Proverna samlas in tre veckor efter förlossning. PCB, dioxiner och bromerade flamskyddsmedel analyseras i bröstmjölk och perfluorerade alkylsyror (PFAA) i serum. De uppmätta halterna i mammornas mjölk och serum speglar barnens exponering under graviditets och amningsperioden. Barnen till mammorna följs också upp vid 4, 8 och 12 års ålder med frågor om bland annat hälsa. I denna rapport undersöktes hälsoutfallen födelsevikt, och förekomst av astma, allergi och öroninfektioner hos barnen och samband med mammornas halter av olika POPar. Resultaten visar att det finns ett statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan PFAA och sänkt födelsevikt. För PCB/dioxiner sågs tvärt om ett samband mellan ökad exponering och ökad födelsevikt om den statistiska modellen tog hänsyn till mammans halt av bromerade flamskyddsmedel. För förekomst av astma och allergi sågs inga signifikanta samband med POP-halter. Ökade halter av PFDA i mammans blod gav en signifikant ökad risk (oddskvot:2,32) bland barnen för att få 3 eller fler öroninfektioner upp till 12 års ålder. Inga andra samband var signifikanta för öroninfektioner. I den här studien har också stickprovsberäkningar gjorts för att beräkna hur många studiedeltagare som skulle behövas för att upptäcka ett statistiskt säkerställda samband utifrån de data vi har. Resultaten visar att för födelsevikt är antalet tillräckligt, men för att upptäcka mindre förändringar av födelsevikten krävs många fler deltagare. För astma, allergi och öroninfektioner behövs det i de flesta fall ungefär dubbelt så många deltagare för att med 80 % säkerhet kunna upptäcka en förändring av oddskvoter liknande de som observerades i studien
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| 4. |
- Lignell, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of goal scoring opportunities in elite male ice hockey in relation to tactical and contextual variables
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2474-8668 .- 1474-8185. ; 20:6, s. 1003-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We sought to examine whether goal scoring opportunities (GSO) in elite ice hockey was affected by tactical and contextual variables. An ice hockey specific notational match analysis instrument was applied to collect 4886 GSO from 192 competitive games in the top Swedish tier. Data were collected from one elite male team and its opponents during three consecutive competitive seasons. All GSO were categorised in tactical and contextual variables. In total, 13.2% (644) of all GSO (4886) resulted in a goal. Two logistic regressions were conducted to examine the impact of tactical and contextual variables on the outcome of GSO. The multivariate analysis demonstrated higher probability to score when shooting from an area close to the goal (OR [95%CI]=.54 [.42-.69];p<.01). Additionally, differences in numbers of involved players in specific positions, both forwards and defenders affected the probability to score a goal (p<.05) and that the probability to score from a GSO was higher in second (OR [95%CI]=1.35 [1.02-1.79];p<.05) and third (OR [95%CI]: 1.38 [1.04-1.83],p<.05) compared to first game-period. Summarised, the study provides an insight of how goal scoring is impacted by several tactical and contextual variables.
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| 5. |
- Lignell, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of high-intensity skating in top-class ice-hockey match-play in relation to training status and muscle damage.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. - 1064-8011. ; 32:5, s. 1303-1310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lignell, E, Fransson, D, Krustrup, P, and Mohr, M. Analysis of high-intensity skating in top-class ice hockey match-play in relation to training status and muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1303-1310, 2018-We examined high-intensity activities in a top-class ice-hockey game and the effect of training status. Male ice-hockey players (n = 36) from the National Hockey League participated. Match analysis was performed during a game and physical capacity was assessed by a submaximal Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Ice-hockey test, level 1 (YYIR1-IHSUB). Venous blood samples were collected 24-hour post-game to determine markers of muscle damage. Players performed 119 ± 8 and 31 ± 3 m·min of high intensity and sprint skating, respectively, during a game. Total distance covered was 4,606 ± 219 m (2,260-6,749 m), of which high-intensity distance was 2042 ± 97 m (757-3,026 m). Sprint-skating speed was 5-8% higher (p ≤ 0.05) in periods 1 and 2 vs. period 3 and overtime. Defensemen (D) covered 29% more (p ≤ 0.05) skating in total than forwards (F) and were on the ice 47% longer. However, F performed 54% more (p ≤ 0.05) high-intensity skating per minute than defensemen. Plasma creatine kinase (CK) was 338 ± 45 (78-757) U·L 24-hour post-game. Heart rate loading during YYIR1-IHSUB correlated inversely (p ≤ 0.05) to the frequency of high-intensity skating bouts (r = -0.55) and V[Combining Dot Above]O2max (r = -0.85) and positively to post-game CK (r = 0.49; p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, ice hockey is a multiple-sprint sport that provokes fatigue in the latter half of a game. Forwards perform more intense skating than defensemen. Moreover, high-intensity game activities during top-class ice hockey are correlated with cardiovascular loading during a submaximal skating test. Taken together, training of elite ice-hockey players should improve the ability for repeated high-intensity skating, and testing should include the YYIR1-IHSUB test as an indicator for ice-hockey-specific physical match performance.
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| 6. |
- Nyström, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Demographic, life-style and physiological determinants of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations in a national cross-sectional survey of Swedish adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Per: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may affect adolescent health, yet factors related to PFAS concentrations in serum are poorly understood. We studied demographic, life-style and physiological determinants of serum PFAS concentrations in Swedish adolescents from a nation-wide survey, Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 (RMA, age 10–21 years, n = 1098). Serum samples were analyzed for 42 PFAS, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The cumulative probability model was used to estimate associations between serum PFAS and determinants, using ordinal logistic regression. Legacy linear (lin-) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), lin-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and lin-/branched (br-) perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were quantifiable in ≥70% of the samples. The emerging PFAS 9-chlorohexanedecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS) was quantified in 5.4% of the samples, suggesting initiation of long-range transport far from production sites. Median concentrations of all legacy PFAS were <2 ng/g serum, with a few participants having very high (>100 ng/g serum) lin-PFHxS and lin-/br-PFOS concentrations due to previous high exposure from PFAS-contaminated drinking water. Legacy PFAS exposure was strongly associated with birth country of the participants and their mothers. 2-fold higher estimated adjusted mean (EAM) concentrations were seen among high income country participants with mothers from high income countries than among low/lower-middle income country participants with mothers from the same category. Menstruating females had lower br-PFOS EAM concentrations than those who were not. Iron status (plasma ferritin) among females may be a marker of intensity of menstrual bleeding, but it was not significantly associated with legacy PFAS concentrations among females. Further studies are needed to determine how physiological changes occurring around menstruation affect the toxicokinetics of PFAS in females. In conclusion, PFAS are pollutants of the industrialized world and some of the identified determinants may be overlooked confounders/effect modifiers that should be included in future PFAS/health studies among adolescents.
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| 7. |
- Nyström, Jennifer, et al.
(författare)
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Healthy eating index and diet diversity score as determinants of serum perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations in a national survey of Swedish adolescents
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351 .- 1096-0953. ; 212, Part A
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food is an important source of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) exposure for the general adult population, but few data exist for adolescents. Healthy food habits established during adolescence may positively influence health later in life. Associations between serum PFAA concentrations and a healthy eating index (SHEIA15), as well as a diet diversity score (RADDS), were determined in a nationally representative adolescent population from Sweden (Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–2017, RMA). Using consumption data from food registrations and frequency questionnaires, we additionally analyzed associations with commonly consumed food groups. Associations were analyzed by fitting a cumulative probability model using ordinal regression. Among the seven PFAAs detected in ≥70% of the 1098 participants (age 10–21 years), median concentrations ranged from <1 ng/g serum of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perflurorundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), linear (lin-) perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and branched (br-) perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) to 1–2 ng/g serum of lin-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and lin-PFOS. PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and lin-PFOS concentrations were positively associated with both SHEIA15 and RADDS, a finding most likely driven by higher consumption of seafood. PFDA, PFUnDA and lin-PFOS concentrations were positively related to commonly consumed fish/shellfish groups, such as lean marine fish and shellfish. Inverse associations between PFAA concentrations and dairy consumption suggest an underlying factor behind dairy consumption that similarly affects adolescent exposure to the different PFAAs. Isomeric differences in dietary exposure between lin-PFOS and br-PFOS were suggested, as br-PFOS concentrations, in contrast to lin-PFOS, were not associated with SHEIA15, RADDS and consumption of different food groups. We conclude that Swedish adolescents, adhering to a diverse and healthy diet, appears to be more highly exposed to legacy PFAAs than those eating less healthy. Additional research is necessary for a better understanding of the health implications of healthy eating from a PFAA exposure perspective.
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| 8. |
- Pineda, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure of Swedish adolescents to elements, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and rapidly excreted substances-The Riksmaten adolescents 2016-17 national survey
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of hygiene and environmental health. - : Elsevier. - 1438-4639 .- 1618-131X. ; 251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescence is a period of significant physiological changes, and likely a sensitive window to chemical exposure. Few nation-wide population-based studies of chemical body burdens in adolescents have been published. In the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents (RMA) 2016-17, over 13 chemical substance groups, including elements, chlorinated/brominated/fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were analysed in blood, and in urine metabolites of phthalates/phthalate alternatives, phosphorous flame retardants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides, along with bisphenols and biocide/preservative/antioxidant/UV filter substances (N = 1082, ages 11-21). The aim was to characterize the body burdens in a representative population of adolescents in Sweden, and to compare results with human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs). Cluster analyses and Spearman's rank order correlations suggested that concentrations of substances with known common exposure sources and similar toxicokinetics formed obvious clusters and showed moderate to very strong correlations (r & GE; 0.4). No clusters were formed between substances from different matrices. Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of the substances were generally less than 3-fold different from those observed among adolescents in NHANES (USA 2015-16) and GerES V (Germany 2014-17). Notable exceptions were brominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with >20-fold lower GM concentrations, and the biocide triclosan and ultraviolet (UV) filter benzophenone-3 with >15-fold lower mean concentrations in RMA compared to NHANES. Exceedance of the most conservative HBM-GVs were observed for aluminium (Al, 26% of subjects), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, 19%), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 12%), lead (Pb, 12%), MBP (dibutyl phthalate metabolite, 4.8%), hexachlorobenzene (HCB, 3.1%) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (PBA, pyrethroid metabolite, 2.2%). Males showed a higher proportion of exceedances than females for Pb, HCB and PFOS; otherwise no gender-related differences in exceedances were observed. A higher proportion of males than females had a Hazard Index (HI) of substances with liver and kidney toxicity and neurotoxicity >1. Industrialized countries with similarly high standards of living, with some exceptions, show comparable average body burdens of a variety of toxic chemicals among adolescents from the general population. The exceedances of HBM-GVs and HIs strongly suggests that further efforts to limit chemical exposure are warranted.
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| 9. |
- Pineda, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
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Socio-demographic inequalities influence differences in the chemical exposome among Swedish adolescents
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Relatively little is known about the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the chemical exposome in adolescent populations. This knowledge gap hampers global efforts to meet certain UN sustainability goals. The present work addresses this problem in Swedish adolescents by discerning patterns within the chemical exposome and identify demographic groups susceptible to heightened exposures. Enlisting the Riksmaten Adolescents 2016 -17 (RMA) study population (N = 1082) in human-biomonitoring, and using proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models, we examined the associations between concentrations of a diverse array of substances (N = 63) with the determinants: gender, age, participant/maternal birth country income per capita level, parental education levels, and geographic place of living (longitude/ latitude). Participant/maternal birth country exhibited a significant association with the concentrations of 46 substances, followed by gender (N = 41), and longitude (N = 37). Notably, individuals born in high -income countries by high -income country mothers demonstrated substantially higher estimated adjusted means (EAM) concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) compared to those born in low-income countries by low-income country mothers. A reverse trend was observed for cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), chlorinated pesticides, and phthalate metabolites. Males exhibited higher EAM concentrations of chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), Pb, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, BFRs and PFASs than females. In contrast, females displayed higher EAM concentrations of Mn, Co, Cd and metabolites of phthalates and phosphorous flame retardants, and phenolic substances. Geographical disparities, indicative of north -to -south or west -to -east substance concentrations gradients, were identified in Sweden. Only a limited number of lifestyle, physiological and dietary factors were identified as possible drivers of demographic inequalities for specific substances. This research underscores birth country, gender, and geographical disparities as contributors to exposure differences among Swedish adolescents. Identifying underlying drivers is crucial to addressing societal inequalities associated with chemical exposure and aligning with UN sustainability goals.
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