| 1. |
- Söderqvist, Jonas, 1976-
(författare)
-
Social rörlighet i en socialt rörig tid : Eleverna och deras utbildning vid Brunnsvik, Väddö och Hola folkhögskolor, 1906–1921
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Sweden during the late 1800s, access to secondary education was not attainable for everyone. The school system separated pupils with parents who could afford to pay for tuition and boarding from those that came from less resourceful backgrounds.However, in a society in the throes of industrialization, this system was rapidly changing. Among the new forms of educational institutions were the folk high schools. First introduced in the 1860s in rural areas of Sweden, they offered education to the sons (but not the daughters) of land-owning farmers. By the turn of the century gender-mixed education was introduced for students from the working class, and higher forms of education became accessible to new groups in society. This was utilized by the expanding popular movements, as they saw the folk high schools as a means for providing education for members and officials. By using a mixed methods approach, combining descriptive statistics with life- and microhistory analyses of prosopographical data from a range of sources, I examine the social mobility of students from three folk high schools between 1906–1921: Väddö (est. 1873), Hola (est. 1896) and Brunnsvik (est. 1906). My study shows that for a large segment of the students at these three folk high schools, a relatively brief course was part of a life characterised by upward social mobility. How that mobility was expressed, however, differed depending on the regional context and specific character of each school. Thus, I argue that a folk high school education was an important investment in an individual's human capital. It was also an investment in symbolic capital, as the networks reproduced at the schools often proved important for an individual’s opportunities. Moreover, I show that the individual’s investment often involved collective transfers of resources, either within civil society, from the public sector, or within the student’s families. The folk high school education became a product of collective efforts, which resulted in individual careers.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson-Skog, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Om ekonomisk historia
- 2020. - 1
-
Ingår i: Vad är ekonomisk historia?. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144132945 ; , s. 21-37
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 3. |
- Andersson-Skog, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Om metoder i ekonomisk historia
- 2020. - 1
-
Ingår i: Vad är ekonomisk historia?. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144132945 ; , s. 67-91
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 4. |
- Andersson-Skog, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Om teorier i ekonomisk historia
- 2020. - 1
-
Ingår i: Vad är ekonomisk historia?. - : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144132945 ; , s. 39-66
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
|
|
| 5. |
- Bäcklund, Dan, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adolescents’ impact on family economy in Sweden : During the first decades of the twentieth century
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Family History. - : SAGE Publications. - 0363-1990 .- 1552-5473. ; 44:1, s. 3-23
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adolescents' income contributions to working-class families decreased between the 1910s and the 1930s in Sweden. This was significant for adolescents' right to self-determination. By using household budget surveys, this article shows that at the time of the Great Depression, working adolescents paid less at home than had been common at the beginning of the twentieth century. Youth unemployment is one explanation, although it was also a consequence of children keeping more of their earnings for themselves. This development led to rising costs for having children and is interpreted as an aspect of the trade-off between quantity and quality of children.
|
|
| 6. |
- Kenttä, Tony, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
The necessity of small loans : the borrowing and lending among low-income earners in early 20th century Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The History of the Family. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1081-602X .- 1873-5398. ; 27:2, s. 268-292
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is difficult for households to match a low and fluctuating income with their expenditures. One short-term strategy for managing cash-flow problems is to turn to one’s social networks for support. This article describes and analyses the borrowing and lending of small loans (corresponding to one-two days of pay) among low-income earners and the role these loans had in the household economy. By analysing the detailed weekly reports in the Swedish cost of living survey 1913/14, it is possible to explain when and why households borrowed and lent. This was after a period of rising real wages in Sweden, yet surpluses were still small and a public safety net had only begun developing. More than half of the studied 118 workers and 105 lower officials, respectively, borrowed small sums. However, most just borrowed once or a few times over the year. To give a loan was less common than borrowing. Some lenders likely felt obliged to give loans to less well-off borrowers. Other households engaged in reciprocal borrowing and lending of small loans. Small loans were mostly used to handle income shortfalls and not expenditures shocks. Consequently, larger income fluctuations led to more borrowing among workers, unlike the level of household income. Being in a vulnerable position in the life-cycle with young children also increased the risk of borrowing among both workers and lower officials. However, income from adolescents did not seem to have mitigated cash-flow problems as older children increased household borrowing too. Lending declined after the start of WWI. This means that the source underestimates annual lending during peacetime conditions. However, the demand for loans remained largely constant, forcing workers in need to seek out other sources of credit. Still, households’ social networks played an important part in an incessant struggle to make ends meet.
|
|
| 7. |
- Larsson, Mats, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk Management in Early Banking : An International Perspective of Swedish Savings Banks, 1820-1910
- 2021
-
Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book deals with risk management and the organisation of banking in Swedish savings banks alongside the development in other European countries. The period of analysis begins with the establishment of the first savings banks in 1820 and ends in 1910. During this period, banking developed as a well-functioning system for deposits and credits. The book focuses on this development from a theoretical perspective connected to risk management and the role of trust and legitimacy in credits and savings. The analysis deals with the overall development of the Swedish banking system and the role of savings banks as well as bank connections with different groups of customers. Of interest to financial historians, academics, and researchers, it also analyses the role of insider lending and the practical aspects of granting credits, such as the use of collaterals and the level of interest rates to compensate higher risks.
|
|
| 8. |
- Larsson, Mats, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
-
To remember or forget? : Financial crises and regulatory regimes in Sweden
- 2021. - 1
-
Ingår i: Remembering and learning from financial crises. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198870906 ; , s. 105-130
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the early twentieth century, the Swedish financial system has experienced five major financial crises—both domestic and internationally generated. With three crises within 25 years, the use of memories from previous financial problems seems a little far-fetched. But so far this has not explicitly been analysed. However, with sources from official investigations, material from the Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) as well as memos from the Bank Inspection Board and larger commercial banks, it would be possible to reconstruct how experiences from earlier financial crises influenced banks risk management and business strategies. During the financial crisis of the 1990s the lack of memories from the 1920s and 1930s was noticed. It was said that knowledge of risk management had been reduced during 60 years of governmental control. This chapter explores this loss of memory using archives and interviews.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Lilja, Kristina, Docent, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inadequate supply and increasing demand for textiles and clothing : second-hand trade at auctions as an alternative source of consumer goods in Sweden, 1830–1900
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Economic history review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0013-0117 .- 1468-0289. ; 73:1, s. 78-105
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on a study of historical national accounts and statistics, this article shows that a growing supply of mass-consumption textiles and clothing in Sweden during industrialization did not fully meet increasing demand. As a result, high demand for second-hand items remained even at the turn of the twentieth century. Records from a local auction house from 1830 to 1900 show that, even in the 1880s, more affluent urban consumers were still active on the second-hand market. Thereafter, they turned to the market for new goods, while potential demand from labourers and servants continued to be provided for by the second-hand market. Mechanization meant that more items entered this market. It changed the range and quality of objects available, consequently affecting the attractiveness of second-hand textiles and clothing. After the 1870s, falling and converging prices can be discerned, while more durable fabrics largely retained their value. We conclude that the consumer revolution (in a broader sense) had by this stage gained a foothold among ordinary Swedish urban households. The auction trade was part of a democratization of consumption. The general lesson is that understanding mass consumption requires research not only into second-hand consumption, but also into different regional settings.
|
|
