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- Sampson, Joshua N., et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 107:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.
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| 2. |
- DeCarolis, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging Open-Source Tools for Collaborative Macro-energy System Modeling Efforts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 4:12, s. 2523-2526
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The authors are founding team members of a new effort to develop an Open Energy Outlook for the United States. The effort aims to apply best practices of policy-focused energy system modeling, ensure transparency, build a networked community, and work toward a common purpose: examining possible US energy system futures to inform energy and climate policy efforts. Individual author biographies can be found on the project website: https://openenergyoutlook.org/. DeCarolis et al. articulate the benefits of forming collaborative teams with a wide array of disciplinary and domain expertise to conduct analysis with macro-energy system models. Open-source models, tools, and datasets underpin such efforts by enabling transparency, accessibility, and replicability among team members and with the broader modeling community.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Zhichao, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic comparison on charging modes of battery heavy-duty vehicles in short-haul delivery: A case study of China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is critical to arrange appropriate charging infrastructure in advance to decarbonise heavy freight through electrification. Based on the same service level, this study conducted a techno-economic comparison of charging modes for battery heavy-duty vehicles in short-haul delivery, covering the broadest range of charging modes, including slow, fast (150 kW), fast (350 kW), swap, and overhead catenary. The techno-economic performance is obtained by a model composed of five evaluation indicators, in which the ratio of service capacity to cost and the average financial net present value are specific. The factors influencing the techno-economic performance of charging modes are further explored based on case analysis. Results show that the charging modes of slow, fast (150 kW), fast (350 kW), swap, and overhead catenary are not profitable under the corresponding facility utilisation rates of 40%, 20%, 20%, 30%, and 70%, or under operating years of 5, 3, 2, 4, and 12 years. Fast charging, at both 150 and 350 kW, has a better advantage in profitability based on the highest average financial net present value. Swap charging is best regarding energy supplement efficiency, but it is not profitable when the battery swapping price is less than 0.8 CNY/kWh. Overhead catenary charging is the most effective system per unit cost due to the highest ratio of service capacity to cost. The insights, the precise prediction of the charging demand, the focus on the charging price, and the comprehensive improvement in the facility utilisation rate are crucial for the success of charging service providers.
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