| 1. |
- Ahlm, Clas, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Central nervous system and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (European type of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome)
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Infection. - 0163-4453 .- 1532-2742. ; 36:2, s. 149-155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Central nervous system (CNS) - related symptoms occur in haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). To study the CNS and ophthalmic involvement in nephropathia epidemica (NE), the European type of HFRS, we included 26 patients in a prospective study. Most common CNS-related symptoms were headache (96%), insomnia (83%), vertigo (79%), nausea (79%), and vomiting (71%). Ophthalmic symptoms were reported by 82% of patients; 41% had photophobia and 50% had impaired vision. A transient loss of vision was recorded in one patient, who also had a generalized seizure. Minor white matter lesions were found in about half of the patients investigated with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electroencephalography (EEG) showed severe alterations in only one patient, and slight and reversible patterns in another two patients. Neopterin, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were elevated, which may indicate immune activation. However, we found no evidence of intrathecal NE virus replication. We conclude that CNS-related symptoms are common in NE, and transient ophthalmic involvement can be demonstrated in about half of the patients.
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| 2. |
- Ahumada, Sofía, et al.
(författare)
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Calibration of SO2 and NO2 Electrochemical Sensors via a Training and Testing Method in an Industrial Coastal Environment
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet. - 1424-8220. ; 22:19, s. 7281-7281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low-cost sensors can provide inaccurate data as temperature and humidity affect sensoraccuracy. Therefore, calibration and data correction are essential to obtain reliable measurements.This article presents a training and testing method used to calibrate a sensor module assembledfrom SO2 and NO2 electrochemical sensors (Alphasense B4 and B43F) alongside air temperature (T)and humidity (RH) sensors.Field training and testing were conducted in the industrialized coastalarea of Quintero Bay, Chile. The raw responses of the electrochemical (mV) and T-RH sensors weresubjected to multiple linear regression (MLR) using three data segments, based on either voltage(SO2 sensor) or temperature (NO2). The resulting MLR equations were used to estimate the referenceconcentration. In the field test, calibration improved the performance of the sensors after addingT and RH in a linear model.The most robust models for NO2 were associated with data collectedat T < 10 C (R2 = 0.85), while SO2 robust models (R2 = 0.97) were associated with data segmentscontaining higher voltages. Overall, this training and testing method reduced the bias due to T andHR in the evaluated sensors and could be replicated in similar environments to correct raw data fromlow-cost electrochemical sensors. A calibration method based on training and sensor testing afterrelocation is presented. The results show that the SO2 sensor performed better when modeled fordifferent segments of voltage data, and the NO2 sensor model performed better when calibrated fordifferent temperature data segments.
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| 3. |
- Albayaty, Muna, et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Once-Weekly and Once-Monthly Buprenorphine Subcutaneous Injection Depots (CAM2038) Versus Intravenous and Sublingual Buprenorphine in Healthy Volunteers Under Naltrexone Blockade : An Open-Label Phase 1 Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0741-238X .- 1865-8652. ; 34:2, s. 560-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: CAM2038 q1w (once weekly) and q4w (once monthly) are investigational buprenorphine subcutaneous (SC) formulations based on FluidCrystal® injection depot technology. These two drug products are being developed for opioid dependence treatment, with a target for once-weekly and once-monthly SC dosing. The rationale for developing two products with different dosing frequencies is that treatment strategies/routines, and hence different treatment preferences, can vary between patients, different stages of opioid maintenance treatment, and countries. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and safety of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine following administration of CAM2038 q1w or q4w versus active controls. Methods: Healthy volunteers were randomized to five treatment groups. All received a single intravenous dose of buprenorphine 600 µg, followed post-washout by a single dose of CAM2038 q4w 96 mg, a single dose of CAM2038 q4w 192 mg, or sublingual buprenorphine 8, 16, or 24 mg daily for 7 days, followed post-washout by a single dose of CAM2038 q4w 64 or 128 mg or four repeated weekly doses of CAM2038 q1w 16 mg. All subjects received daily naltrexone. Results: Eighty-seven subjects were randomized. Median buprenorphine tmax after CAM2038 q4w was 4–10 h (24 h for CAM2038 q1w); mean terminal half-life was 19–25 days (5 days for CAM2038 q1w). CAM2038 q4w showed dose-proportional buprenorphine release, with similar exposure to repeat-dose CAM2038 q1w at comparable monthly dose level. Both CAM2038 formulations showed complete absolute bioavailability of buprenorphine and 5.7- to 7.7-fold greater buprenorphine bioavailability versus sublingual buprenorphine. CAM2038 q1w and q4w were well tolerated; subjects’ acceptance was higher for CAM2038 than for sublingual buprenorphine 1 h post-dose. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic profiles of CAM2038 q1w and q4w versus sublingual buprenorphine support expected treatment efficacy with once-weekly and once-monthly dosing, respectively. CAM2038 formulations were safe and showed good local tolerability. Trial registration: ISRCTN24987553. Funding: Camurus AB.
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| 4. |
- Beecham, Ashley H, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:11, s. 1353-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal variants and identified 135 potentially associated regions (P < 1.0 × 10(-4)). In a replication phase, we combined these data with previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from an independent 14,802 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 26,703 healthy controls. In these 80,094 individuals of European ancestry, we identified 48 new susceptibility variants (P < 5.0 × 10(-8)), 3 of which we found after conditioning on previously identified variants. Thus, there are now 110 established multiple sclerosis risk variants at 103 discrete loci outside of the major histocompatibility complex. With high-resolution Bayesian fine mapping, we identified five regions where one variant accounted for more than 50% of the posterior probability of association. This study enhances the catalog of multiple sclerosis risk variants and illustrates the value of fine mapping in the resolution of GWAS signals.
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| 5. |
- Birchenough, George M. H., et al.
(författare)
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Muc2-dependent microbial colonization of the jejunal mucus layer is diet sensitive and confers local resistance to enteric pathogen infection
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - Cambridge : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 42:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intestinal mucus barriers normally prevent microbial infections but are sensitive to diet-dependent changes in the luminal environment. Here we demonstrate that mice fed a Western-style diet (WSD) suffer regiospe-cific failure of the mucus barrier in the small intestinal jejunum caused by diet-induced mucus aggregation. Mucus barrier disruption due to either WSD exposure or chromosomal Muc2 deletion results in collapse of the commensal jejunal microbiota, which in turn sensitizes mice to atypical jejunal colonization by the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. We illustrate the jejunal mucus layer as a microbial habitat, and link the re-giospecific mucus dependency of the microbiota to distinctive properties of the jejunal niche. Together, our data demonstrate a symbiotic mucus-microbiota relationship that normally prevents jejunal pathogen colo-nization, but is highly sensitive to disruption by exposure to a WSD.
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| 6. |
- Bäckström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Criterion validity is maintained when items are evaluatively neutralized: Evidence from a full scale FFM-inventory
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Personality. - : SAGE Publications. - 1099-0984 .- 0890-2070. ; 28:6, s. 620-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The original version and an evaluatively neutralized version (with items rephrased to reduce popularity) of a personality inventory were compared. The results revealed A) Similar criterion validity across three different sets of self-rated behaviors, B) Stronger relations to the rated social desirability of criteria for the original version, and C) Less correlation between factors for the neutralized version (replicating Bäckström, Björklund & Larsson, 2009). We take the results to indicate that evaluative neutralization is a viable technique for reducing social desirability in self-ratings. Implications for test construction are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Bäckström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Five-factor inventories have a major higher order factor related to social desirability which can be reduced by framing items neutrally
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Research in Personality. - : Elsevier BV. - 0092-6566. ; 43:3, s. 335-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The factors in self-report inventories measuring the five-factor model (FFM) correlate with one another although they theoretically should not. Study 1 showed, across three different FFM-questionnaires, that almost all of the common variance between factors can be attributed to a single general factor related to social desirability. In Study 2, simple rephrasing of items from a FFM-questionnaire made them substantially less socially desirable, while the inventory’s empirical (five factor) structure remained the same. Participants low in social desirability showed little difference between how they responded to the original items vs. the neutral items. For participants high in social desirability the difference was considerably larger. The simplicity of reducing social desirability in self-rating inventories of the FFM, and the usefulness of this endeavor, is discussed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bäckström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The NB5I: A full-scale Big-Five inventory with evaluatively neutralized items
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 2151-2426 .- 1015-5759. ; 39:2, s. 132-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personality is usually measured by means of self-ratings. Despite some drawbacks, the method is here to stay, and improving on it, particularly regarding social desirability, is essential. One way to do this is evaluative neutralization, that is, to rephrase items such that it is less obvious to the respondent what would be a desirable response. We present a 120-item evaluatively neutralized five-factor inventory and compare it to the IPIP-NEO (Goldberg et al., 2006). Psychometric analyses revealed that the new inventory has high factor homogeneity, relatively independent facets with acceptable homogeneity and normally distributed ratings, and relatively evaluatively neutral ratings (as indicated by the level of item popularity). In sum, this new inventory captures the same personality variance as other five-factor inventories but with less influence from individual differences in evaluative responding, resulting in less correlation between factors and a factor structure more in line with the simple structure model than many other five-factor inventories. Evaluatively neutralized inventories should be particularly useful when the factor structure is central to the research question and focuses on discriminant validity, such as identifying theoretically valid relationships between personality traits and other concepts.
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| 10. |
- Carrascosa, E., et al.
(författare)
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Nucleophilic substitution with two reactive centers : The CN- + CH3I case
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 143:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nucleophilic substitution reaction CN- + CH3I allows for two possible reactive approaches of the reactant ion onto the methyl halide, which lead to two different product isomers. Stationary point calculations predict a similar shape of the potential and a dominant collinear approach for both attacks. In addition, an H-bonded pre-reaction complex is identified as a possible intermediate structure. Submerged potential energy barriers hint at a statistical formation process of both CNCH3 and NCCH3 isomers at the experimental collision energies. Experimental angle-and energy differential cross sections show dominant direct rebound dynamics and high internal excitation of the neutral product. No distinct bimodal distributions can be extracted from the velocity images, which impedes the indication of a specific preference towards any of the product isomers. A forward scattering simulation based on the experimental parameters describes accurately the experimental outcome and shows how the possibility to discriminate between the two isomers is mainly hindered by the large product internal excitation.
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