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- Ranehill, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Hormonal Contraceptives Do Not Impact Economic Preferences: Evidence from a Randomized Trial
- 2018
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Ingår i: Management science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 64:10, s. 4471-4965
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A growing body of correlational studies suggests that sex hormones such as those contained in, or affected by, oral contraceptives (OCs) may impact economic behavior. However, despite widespread use of OCs among women in Western countries, little is known about their potential behavioral effects. The present study investigates whether OCs causally influence economic preferences. We randomly allocate 340 women aged 18–35 to three months of a widely used OC or placebo treatment. At the end of treatment, we conduct an economic experiment measuring altruism, financial risk taking, and willingness to compete. The statistical power is 80% to detect an effect size equal to a Cohen’s d of 0.30 at the 5% level. We find no significant effects of OCs on any of the measured preferences, indicating that this widely used OC treatment, commonly used throughout the world, does not significantly affect the measured economic preferences. Further, we find no relation between menstrual cycle phase and economic preferences in the placebo group.
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| 3. |
- Ellingsen, Tore, et al.
(författare)
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A randomized trial of the effect of testosterone and estrogen on verbal fluency, verbal memory, and spatial ability in healthy postmenopausal women
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 95:1, s. 152-157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To test the causal relationship between sex hormones and cognitive skills in postmenopausal women. We hypothesized that testosterone would decrease verbal memory and verbal fluency and increase spatial ability compared with a placebo. For estrogen, we conversely hypothesized that the treatment would increase verbal fluency and verbal memory and decrease spatial ability. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Setting: Women's health clinical research unit at a university hospital. Patient(s): Two-hundred healthy, naturally postmenopausal women aged 50-65 years. Intervention(s): Randomization to 4 weeks' treatment with testosterone (testosterone undecanoate, 40 mg/day), estrogen (oral E2 2 mg/day) or placebo. Main outcome measure(s): Comparisons in verbal fluency, verbal memory, and spatial ability between the three treatment groups. Result(s): We found no significant effects of testosterone or estrogen on verbal fluency, verbal memory, or spatial ability. Conclusion(s): Our results give no support for short-term testosterone or estrogen treatment having any substantial effect on verbal fluency, verbal memory, or spatial ability in healthy postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Capacity and Capillary-to-Fiber Ratio Following Moderately Increased Testosterone Exposure in Young Healthy Women
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Recently, it was shown that exogenously administered testosterone enhances endurance capacity in women. In this study, our understanding on the effects of exogenous testosterone on key determinants of oxygen transport and utilization in skeletal muscle is expanded.Methods: In a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 48 healthy active women were randomized to 10 weeks of daily application of 10 mg of testosterone cream or placebo. Before and after the intervention, VO2 max, body composition, total hemoglobin (Hb) mass and blood volumes were assessed. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before and after the intervention to assess mitochondrial protein abundance, capillary density, capillary-to-fiber (C/F) ratio, and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity.Results: Maximal oxygen consumption per muscle mass, Hb mass, blood, plasma and red blood cell volumes, capillary density, and the abundance of mitochondrial protein levels (i.e., citrate synthase, complexes I, II, III, IV-subunit 2, IV-subunit 4, and V) were unchanged by the intervention. However, the C/F ratio, specific mitochondrial respiratory flux activating complex I and linked complex I and II, uncoupled respiration and electron transport system capacity, but not leak respiration or fat respiration, were significantly increased following testosterone administration compared to placebo.Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into physiological actions of increased testosterone exposure on key determinants of oxygen diffusion and utilization in skeletal muscle of women. Our findings show that higher skeletal muscle oxidative capacity coupled to higher C/F ratio could be major contributing factors that improve endurance performance following moderately increased testosterone exposure.
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| 7. |
- Ekenros, L., et al.
(författare)
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Expression of sex steroid hormone receptors in human skeletal muscle during the menstrual cycle
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : WILEY-BLACKWELL. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 219:2, s. 486-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Variations in sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may affect neuromuscular performance and the risk of sustaining musculoskeletal injury in women. The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA and protein levels for sex steroid hormone receptors in skeletal muscle in three distinct phases of the menstrual cycle. Methods: Fifteen, healthy women with regular menstrual cycles participated in the study. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were obtained in three hormonally verified phases of the menstrual cycle for each individual, that is the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase and the luteal phase. mRNA and protein levels of oestrogen (ER and ER), progesterone (PR) and androgen (AR) receptors were analysed. Results: There was an overall significant variation in mRNA and protein levels of ER and PR across the menstrual cycle. mRNA and protein levels of ER were highest in the follicular phase when oestradiol levels were low, whereas protein levels of PR were highest in the luteal phase when progesterone levels were high. mRNA levels of PR were highest in the ovulatory phase. No significant variation in AR levels was detected across the menstrual cycle. ER levels were very low in all three phases of the menstrual cycle. Conclusion: Significant variations in mRNA and protein levels of ER and PR were detected in skeletal muscle during three confirmed phases of the menstrual cycle. These results may have an impact on effects of muscular training and sports injuries in women.
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| 8. |
- Flamholc, N, et al.
(författare)
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ABC om Klimakterievård
- 2023
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Ingår i: Lakartidningen. - 1652-7518. ; 120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Johannesson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Oral Contraceptives and Sexual Function in Women-a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP): Policy B - Oxford Open Option A. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 101:11, s. 4046-4053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: There is a lack of knowledge about how oral contraceptives may affect sexual function.Objective: To determine whether there is a causal effect of oral contraceptives on sexuality. We hypothesized that a widely used pill impairs sexuality.Design: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Enrollment began in February 2012 and was completed in August 2015.Setting: Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.Participants: A total of 340 healthy women, aged 18-35 years, were randomized to treatment, and 332 completed the study.Interventions: A combined oral contraceptive (150 mu g levonorgestrel and 30 mu g ethinylestradiol) or placebo for 3 months of treatment.Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was the aggregate score on the Profile of Female Sexual Function (PFSF). Secondary outcomes were the seven domains of the PFSF, the Sexual Activity Log, and the Personal Distress Scale.Results: Overall sexual function was similar in women in the oral contraceptive and placebo groups. The PFSF domains desire (-4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], -8.49 to -0.38; P =.032), arousal (-5.1; 95% CI, -9.63 to -0.48; P=.030), and pleasure (-5.1; 95% CI, -9.97 to -0.32; P =.036) were significantly reduced in comparison to placebo, whereas orgasm, concern, responsiveness, and self-image were similar between groups. The mean frequency of satisfying sexual episodes and personal distress were also similar between groups.Conclusions: This study shows no negative impact of a levonorgestrel-containing oral contraceptive on overall sexual function, although three of seven sexual function domains were adversely affected.
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