| 1. |
- Bessell, Michael S., et al.
(författare)
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Nucleosynthesis in a Primordial Supernova : Carbon and Oxygen Abundances in SMSS J031300.36-670839.3
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 806:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SMSS J031300.36-670839.3 (hereafter SM0313-6708) is a sub-giant halo star, with no detectable Fe lines and large overabundances of C and Mg relative to Ca. We obtained Very Large Telescope-Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) spectra extending to 3060 angstrom showing strong OH A-X band lines enabling an oxygen abundance to be derived. The OH A-X band lines in SM0313-6708 are much stronger than the CH C-X band lines. Spectrum synthesis fits indicate an [O/C] ratio of 0.02 +/- 0.175. Our high signal-to-noise ratio UVES data also enabled us to lower the Fe abundance limit to [Fe/H](< 3D >,NLTE) < -7.52 (3 sigma). These data support our previous suggestion that the star formed from the iron-poor ejecta of a single massive star Population III supernova.
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| 2. |
- Dahm-Kähler, Pernilla, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), its receptor, and macrophages in the perifollicular stroma during the human ovulatory process
- 2009
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5653 .- 0015-0282. ; 91:1, s. 231-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression and localization of the macrophage-specific chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), and macrophages (CD68) in the perifollicular stroma of different phases of the human ovulatory process and its relation to macrophage influx. DESIGN: Experimental study on patient-controlled material. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENT(S): Twenty-eight women planned to undergo laparoscopic sterilization. INTERVENTION(S): Surgery was performed at either of four distinct ovulatory phases, and a biopsy sample was obtained from the perifollicular stroma of the ovulatory follicle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry were used for measurements of MCP-1, CCR2, and macrophages. RESULT(S): The messenger RNA levels of MCP-1 in the perifollicular stroma increased from the preovulatory to the late ovulatory phase and declined during the postovulatory phase. A higher density of macrophages was found in the preovulatory and early ovulatory phases compared with late and postovulatory phases. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and CCR2 were present in the stroma. Protein expression of CD68 and CCR2 were identified in the four ovulatory phases. CONCLUSION(S): This study demonstrates an upregulation of MCP-1 in the stroma compartment around the human follicle during the ovulatory process, and a high density of macrophages was found at earlier phases. Thus, inflammation-like reactions are integral in the ovulatory process and may be targeted to stimulate or inhibit this process.
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| 3. |
- Gaulton, Kyle J, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:12, s. 1415-1415
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation. Credible set variants were enriched for overlap with FOXA2 chromatin immunoprecipitation binding sites in human islet and liver cells, including at MTNR1B, where fine mapping implicated rs10830963 as driving T2D association. We confirmed that the T2D risk allele for this SNP increases FOXA2-bound enhancer activity in islet- and liver-derived cells. We observed allele-specific differences in NEUROD1 binding in islet-derived cells, consistent with evidence that the T2D risk allele increases islet MTNR1B expression. Our study demonstrates how integration of genetic and genomic information can define molecular mechanisms through which variants underlying association signals exert their effects on disease.
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| 4. |
- Howes, L.~M., et al.
(författare)
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The EMBLA survey - metal-poor stars in the Galactic bulge
- 2016
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 460:1, s. 884-901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cosmological models predict the oldest stars in the Galaxy should be found closest to the centre of the potential well, in the bulge. The Extremely Metal-poor BuLge stars with AAOmega survey (EMBLA) successfully searched for these old, metal-poor stars by making use of the distinctive SkyMapper photometric filters to discover candidate metal-poor stars in the bulge. Their metal-poor nature was then confirmed using the AAOmega spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. Here we present an abundance analysis of 10 bulge stars with -2.8 < [Fe/H] < -1.7 from MIKE/Magellan observations, in total determining the abundances of 22 elements. Combining these results with our previous high-resolution data taken as part of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we have started to put together a picture of the chemical and kinematic nature of the most metal-poor stars in the bulge. The currently available kinematic data are consistent with the stars belonging to the bulge, although more accurate measurements are needed to constrain the stars' orbits. The chemistry of these bulge stars deviates from that found in halo stars of the same metallicity. Two notable differences are the absence of carbon-enhanced metal-poor bulge stars, and the alpha element abundances exhibit a large intrinsic scatter and include stars which are underabundant in these typically enhanced elements.
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| 5. |
- Jacobson, Heather R., et al.
(författare)
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High-Resolution Spectroscopic Study of Extremely Metal-Poor Star Candidates from the Skymapper Survey
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 807:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The SkyMapper Southern Sky Survey is carrying out a search for the most metal-poor stars in the Galaxy. It identifies candidates by way of its unique filter set which allows for estimation of stellar atmospheric parameters. The set includes a narrow filter centered on the Ca II K 3933 angstrom line, enabling a robust estimate of stellar metallicity. Promising candidates are then confirmed with spectroscopy. We present the analysis of Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle high-resolution spectroscopy of 122 metal-poor stars found by SkyMapper in the first two years of commissioning observations. Forty-one stars have [Fe/H] <= -3.0. Nine have [Fe/H] <= -3.5, with three at [Fe/H] similar to -4. A 1D LTE abundance analysis of the elements Li, C, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ba, and Eu shows these stars have [X/Fe] ratios typical of other halo stars. One star with low [X/Fe] values appears to be "Fe-enhanced," while another star has an extremely large [Sr/Ba] ratio: >2. Only one other star is known to have a comparable value. Seven stars are "CEMP-no" stars ([C/Fe] > 0.7, [Ba/Fe] < 0). 21 stars exhibit mild r-process element enhancements (0.3 <= [Eu/Fe] < 1.0), while four stars have [Eu/Fe] >= 1.0. These results demonstrate the ability to identify extremely metal-poor stars from SkyMapper photometry, pointing to increased sample sizes and a better characterization of the metal-poor tail of the halo metallicity distribution function in the future.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Is one month treatment with dabigatran before cardioversion of atrial fibrillation sufficient to prevent thromboembolism?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Europace. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1532-2092 .- 1099-5129. ; 17:10, s. 1514-1517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients undergoing elective direct current (DC) cardioversion of non-acute atrial fibrillation (AF) can potentially shorten the time from initiation of anticoagulation treatment to cardioversion, compared with warfarin. The safety of this strategy needs to be investigated. Data from subgroup analysis from clinical trials with DOAC do not clarify whether 4-week treatment with DOAC is sufficient to prevent thromboembolism (TE) after cardioversion. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the incidence of TE in anticoagulant naive patients converted after one month's pre-treatment with dabigatran.
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| 7. |
- Liedberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Anorectal dysfunction after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 56:2, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To prospectively assess anorectal dysfunction using patient-reported outcomes using validated questionnaires, manovolumetry and endoanal ultrasound before and 12 months after RC. Patients and methods: From 2014 to 2019, we prospectively included 44 patients scheduled for RC. Preoperatively and 12 months after surgery, 41 patients filled in a low anterior resection syndrome score (LARS-score) to assess fecal incontinence, increased frequency, urgency and emptying difficulties and a St Mark’s score to assess fecal incontinence in conjunction with manovolumetry and endoanal ultrasound examinations. Pre- and postoperative patient-reported anorectal dysfunction were assessed by LARS-score and St Marks’s score. At the same time-points, anorectal function was evaluated by measuring mean anal resting and maximal squeeze pressures, volumes and pressures at first desire, urgency to defecate and maximum toleration during manovolumetry. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to compare pre- and postoperative outcomes by questionnaires. Results: Postoperatively 6/41 (15%) patients reported flatus incontinence assessed by the LARS-questionnaire, and correspondingly the St Mark’s score increased postoperatively. The median anal resting pressure decreased from 57 mmHg preoperatively to 46 mmHg after RC, but without any postoperative anatomic defects detected by endoanal ultrasound. Volumes and pressures at first desire, urgency to defecate and maximum toleration during manovolumetry all increased after RC, indicating decreased postoperative rectal sensation, as rectal compliance was unaltered. Conclusions: Postoperative flatus incontinence is reported by one out of seven patients after RC, which corresponds to decreased anal resting pressures. The finding of decreased rectal sensation might also contribute to patient-reported symptoms and anorectal dysfunction after RC.
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| 8. |
- Lind, Anna Karin, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Collagens in the human ovary and their changes in the perifollicular stroma during ovulation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. ; 85:12, s. 1476-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Remodeling of the collagens around the follicle is a major event in ovulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of collagen I, III, and IV in the human ovary. METHODS: Biopsies of the perifollicular stroma were obtained at sterilization during the preovulatory phase (follicle size >14 mm) or at any of three intervals (12-18 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin: early ovulatory phase; >18-24 h: late ovulatory phase; 44-77 h: postovulatory phase) after human chorionic gonadotrophin. Excised dominant follicles and whole ovarian sections were also obtained. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against collagen I, III, IV, vimentin, and CD 45 was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Collagens I and III were distributed in concentric layers in the capsular stroma with bundles of collagens connecting these layers to form a mesh. Collagen I was present in larger quantities in the outer layers and collagen III showed the inverse distribution. In the theca, collagen I was present in the externa and collagen III in the entire layer. The staining intensity of collagens I and III in the perifollicular stroma decreased from the preovulatory stage. Collagen IV was present in the basal lamina separating granulosa and theca cells. This study shows that collagen I and III are abundant in and around the ovulating human follicle with typical patterns of distribution. Collagen IV is present in the basal membrane that separates the granulosa from the theca cells. Taking into account the abundance of collagens in the follicular wall and their specific localization, major site-directed degradation of collagens seems to be necessary for follicular rupture to occur.
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| 9. |
- Lind, Anna Karin, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Gelatinases and their tissue inhibitors during human ovulation: increased expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1
- 2006
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Ingår i: Mol Hum Reprod. ; 12:12, s. 725-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the follicular wall by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) has been suggested to be crucial in ovulation. To investigate the expression of the gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, together with their inhibitors, TIMP-2 and TIMP-1, in the perifollicular ovarian stroma from women just before and during ovulation, we obtained biopsies of the stroma adjacent to the leading follicle. Laparoscopic surgery was performed either before the LH peak or at any of three intervals after ovulation triggering by hCG. Immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR were performed. All four proteins were expressed by immunoblots, with no detectable changes in the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2. Scattered immunostaining for MMP-9 and TIMP-2 was seen, and MMP-2 was demonstrated in a concentric layer. A significant increase in TIMP-1 protein and mRNA was seen during the three ovulatory phases, and a strong and patchy immunostaining for TIMP-1 was shown. This is the first study that has demonstrated an ovulation-associated expression of these ECM-remodelling enzymes around the human follicle at ovulation. The increased expression of TIMP-1 may reflect a specific temporal inhibition of collagenolysis and thereby a time-dependent regulation of ECM breakdown in areas surrounding the apex of the follicle.
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| 10. |
- Lind, Anna Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Health-related quality of life prior to and 1 year after radical cystectomy evaluated with FACT-G and FACT-VCI questionnaires
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of urology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2168-1805 .- 2168-1813. ; 58:1, s. 76-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before and 1 year after radical cystectomy in relation to age and gender.METHODS: This prospective study involves 112 men and 40 women with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy between 2015 and 2018. HRQoL was assessed preoperatively and 1 year post-surgery through Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale - General (FACT-G) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale - Vanderbilt Cystectomy Index (FACT-VCI) questionnaires. The median age of the 152 patients was 71.5 years.RESULTS: Preoperatively, emotional and functional well-being were negatively affected. Physical, emotional and functional well-being presented higher values 1 year after surgery compared to before radical cystectomy, that is, better HRQoL. Social well-being showed a reduction, especially regarding closeness to partner and support from family. Men and women were equally satisfied with their sex life before radical cystectomy, but less so 1 year after, where men were less satisfied compared to women. Additionally, one out of five patients reported that they had to limit their physical activities, were afraid of being far from a toilet and were dissatisfied with their body appearance after surgery.CONCLUSIONS: Recovery regarding HRQoL was ongoing 1 year after radical cystectomy. Patients recovered in three out of four dimensions of HRQoL, but social well-being was still negatively affected 1 year after treatment. Sexual function after radical cystectomy was exceedingly limited for both men and women. An individual sexual rehabilitation plan involving the couple with special intention to encourage intimacy, might not only improve sexual life but also have a positive effect on social well-being as a consequence.
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