| 1. |
- Lind, Ewa, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Lacustrine response to short rapid climate shifts during Late Younger Dryas-Early Holocene in Central Norway, registred by XRF and stable isotopes
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is relatively good knowledge about the climate and the deglaciation pattern during the Late Glacial-Early Holocene transitionin Norway. The origin and mechanisms behind the short, rapid climate shifts that occurred during this period are however notwell known. In this context climate studies in this region can contribute to our understanding of climate patterns. Our specificobjectives in this study were to compare the geochemical response of lake sediments during Late Younger Dryas-Early Holoceneto the general picture of deglaciation in Central Norway and also to evaluate if the Preboreal oscillation (PBO), the Erdalen events,the 9.3 and 8.2 ka cal BP could be detected, superimposed on the general Late Glacial-Early Holocene climate. To address this; highresolutionXRF fluorescence core-scanning, Total organic carbon (TOC), carbon/nitrogen (C/N), stable isotopes of carbon andnitrogen (δ13C, δ15N) and total nitrogen (TN) were made on a palaeolake core from Grønlia fen situated on the Fosen peninsula,Central Norway. The reconstructed Late Younger Dryas-Early Holocene climate from the Grønlia record was noteworthily similarto other reconstructions from the region. The Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition was dated to c. 11 420 cal a BP and five climateshifts were identified in the Early Holocene; c. 11 190 cal a BP, 10 500 cal a BP, 10 200 cal a BP, 9900 cal a BP and 9250 cal a BP.
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| 2. |
- Lind, Ewa, 1968-
(författare)
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Tephra horizons in the North Atlantic region during the Early Holocene
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uncertainties about the rate and magnitude of future climate change have drawn attention to the climate variability following the Late Glacial-Early Holocene transition, c. 12-8 ka BP. Tephrochronology is a method that uses volcanic ash as isochrons in order to link, date and synchronise geological and palaeoclimatic records which could provide a better understanding of short rapid climate shifts but also the timing of these.The main purpose of this thesis was to improve and refine the Late Younger Dryas-Early Holocene (c. 12-8 ka BP) tephrochronological framework with focus on dating and identification of new and previously known tephra horizons in the North Atlantic region. A special emphasis was to identify tephra horizons contemporary to short rapid climate events that occurred during the period; the Preboreal Oscillation (c. 11.3 ka BP), the Erdalen events (c. 10.0-9.8 ka BP), the 9.3 ka BP and the 8.2 ka BP events. Additional purposes have been to evaluate the potential of XRF ITRAX core-scanning to identify tephra in lake sediments but also as a tool in palaeoclimate studies.The potential of tephrochronology for linking climate archives across the North Atlantic region is a main outcome in this thesis. Specific results include five new tephra horizons; four identified on the Faroe Islands and one in Central Norway. Two previously known tephras, the Hässeldalen and Askja-S tephras, were identified on the Faroe Islands for the first time and at new locations in Sweden which confirmed their widespread distribution in NW Europe. Several of these tephras have the potential to become marker horizons for some of the short rapid climate events which occurred during the Late Younger Dryas-Early Holocene but their importance is yet to be determined. Further results show that the XRF core scanner can be used successfully to identify high concentrations of basaltic tephra but also to identify palaeoclimatic events in lake sediments.
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| 3. |
- Lind Mettävainio, Ewa, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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New Early Holocene tephra horizons from the Faroe Islands
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Field Conference and Workshop on Tephrochronology, Volcanism and Human Activity.. ; , s. 60-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The early Holocene climate in the North Atlantic region was rather unstable and three cold events superimposed upon a general warming took place during the earliest part of the Holocene: the Preboreal oscillation (11.3-11.1 ka BP), the Erdalen event (10.3-10.2 ka BP) and the 9.3 ka BP event (e.g. Dahl et al., 2002; Rasmussen et al. 2007). There is relatively little known about early Holocene tephrochronology in comparison to the Last Glacial/Interglacial transition and the mid to late Holocene, although there is no reason to believe that Icelandic eruptions were less frequent during the early Holocene. The main focus of the present study is improve the dating and geochemical identification of early Holocene tephras on the Faroe Islands, using wiggle-match or Bayesian techniques for age-depth modelling and EMPA analyses for geochemical fingerprinting of tephras. Identification of tephras is also aided by XRF core scanning. While this method is still in its infancy, some promising results have been reported recently regarding the identification of cryptotephra in marine and lacustrine sediments. The Faroe Islands is an ideal area to test the method, since tephras ranging from basaltic to rhyolitic are abundant but usually not visible to the naked eye (Wastegård, 2002). We have investigated new cores taken in 2009 from previously studied sites and new sites with high sediment accumulation rates during the early Holocene. Results from the first analyzed peat and lake sediment cores from the Faroe Islands show that several previously unreported tephra horizons occur below the visible Saksunarvatn tephra dated to c. 10 300 cal. yr BP (Rasmussen et al. 2007). Two layers are rhyolitic, one dacitic and one basaltic. The XRF core-scanner data has been especially useful for identifying basaltic cryptotephra horizons.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Orme, L. C., et al.
(författare)
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Climatic impacts on an Arctic lake since 1300 AD : a multi-proxy lake sediment reconstruction from Prins Karls Forland, Svalbard
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Paleolimnology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-2728 .- 1573-0417. ; 69:3, s. 249-266
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the remote Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, there is increasing evidence of environmental impacts from climate change. The analysis of lake sedimentary records can be used to assess how strongly these recent changes have altered lake ecosystems. Sediments deposited during the last millennium from Lake Blokkvatnet, Prins Karls Forland, were analysed using a multiproxy approach, including stable isotope and X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results were interpreted as reflecting variability of (1) soil organic matter inwash, and potentially catchment and lake primary production, and (2) catchment weathering and erosion. Organic content began increasing after 1920 AD to the present, likely in response to warming. Earlier peaks of a similar magnitude occurred on three occasions since 1300 AD, with evidence indicating that these may have coincided with multidecadal-scale periods with higher temperatures, reduced sea ice and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Catchment weathering and fluvial erosion began to increase around 1800 AD and peaked during the early twentieth century, potentially due to rising temperatures in autumn and winter causing increased liquid water availability. The records suggest that similar levels of erosion and weathering occurred between approximately 1300 and 1600 AD, spanning the transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly to the Little Ice Age.
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