| 1. |
- Hassler, John, et al.
(författare)
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SNS Economic Policy Council Report 2020 : Swedish Policy for Global Climate
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate policy is a complex area that requires input from many different perspectives. The sns Economic Policy Council 2020 comprises nine researchers from a range of disciplines, with different backgrounds and with varied opinions on the debate surrounding climate policy. They analyse Swedish climate policy in a global context, describing the causes and consequences of climate change and focusing on how policy can achieve the desired reductions in carbon emissions. The report also provides answers to questions that are frequently discussed in the Swedish debate, such as the effectiveness of climate aid and whether Sweden should generate a larger surplus of fossil-free electricity for export.
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| 2. |
- Hassler, John, et al.
(författare)
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Svensk politik för globalt klimat
- 2020
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nio forskare från olika discipliner ingår i SNS Konjunkturråd 2020. Forskarna har bred bakgrund inom nationalekonomi, juridik, naturvetenskap och ingenjörsvetenskap. Tillsammans har de skrivit SNS Konjunkturrådsrapport 2020: Svensk politik för globalt klimat, där de fokuserar på hur politiken ska utformas för att bromsa och till slut stoppa klimatförändringarna. Några av deras viktigaste förslag och rekommendationer: Låt kolet stanna i marken. Det är kolet, inte konventionell olja, som är det centrala hotet mot klimatet. Om klimatförändringarna ska hejdas måste Kina bli av med sitt kolberoende. Indien och Afrika kan inte heller följa Kinas kolkraftsbaserade utvecklingsstrategi. Merparten av världens kolreserver måste stanna i marken.Inför globalt minimipris på koldioxidutsläpp och slopa fossilsubventioner. Det är två nödvändiga ingredienser i klimatpolitiken som måste diskuteras på FN:s nästa stora klimatkonferens COP26 i Glasgow.Gröna subventioner räcker inte för att minska utsläppen. Billig grön energi leder till ökad användning av sådan men inte automatiskt till att fossila bränslen utkonkurreras.Bidra till rätt global inriktning. Den svenska klimatpolitiken bör ha som överordnat mål att minska de globala utsläppen.Bidra finansiellt till andra länders omställning. Klokt och välavvägt klimatbistånd är både möjligt och önskvärt. Inom ramen för EU:s klimatpolitik finns fungerande sätt att finansera mindre rika medlemsländers utsläppsminskningar. Men eftersom även Sverige måste bli klimatneutralt bör ett ökat klimatbistånd inte minska de svenska klimatambitionerna.Klimatklubbar. Sverige bör driva frågan om att det ska vara tillåtet att införa klimattullar mot länder som inte har en acceptabel nivå på utsläppspriset. En modell är så kallade klimatklubbar där länder går ihop och sätter ett enhetligt utsläppspris. Import från länder som inte deltar i klubben beläggs med en tull.Fossilfri elexport kan ge betydande minskningar av utsläppen inom EU genom att pressa undan kolkraft där sådan fortfarande används.Finansiera insamling och lagring av koldioxid (CCS-teknik) med lagringspeng. Vi kan ta hand om koldioxid motsvarande hälften av Sveriges utsläpp till en kostnad motsvarande det som dras in till staten via koldioxidskatten. Det krävs dock en statlig finansiering som bör utformas som ett bidrag per ton insamlad och säkert lagrad koldioxid:– Motsvarande runt hälften av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp kan tas bort om CCS-tekniken införs på de 27 industrianläggningar som släpper ut mest i Sverige. Detta är mer än utsläppen från hela den svenska vägtrafiken. Tekniken fungerar också i resten av världen och Sverige kan här bli ett föregångsland, säger John Hassler, ordförande i SNS Konjunkturråd 2020.
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| 3. |
- Lindahl, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing paediatric scald injuries using Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging
- 2013
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Ingår i: Burns. - : Elsevier. - 0305-4179 .- 1879-1409. ; 39:4, s. 662-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe use of objective methods for assessment of burns is limited. Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) is a non-invasive technique for instant measurement of tissue perfusion, making it potentially valuable for early prediction of burn wound outcome.AimTo evaluate the influence of technical factors on perfusion and to measure perfusion in burns 0–14 days post-burn and compare this with the outcome of the burn wound at 14 days after burn.MethodThe effect of room light, camera distance and camera angle was studied using a suspension of polystyrene particles. LSCI measurements were performed on 45 scald burns and 32 uninjured areas 0–14 days after burn.ResultTechnical factors had no clinically relevant effect on measured perfusion. Burns that healed within 14 days had a higher perfusion during the first week post-burn than burns that healed after 14 days or underwent surgery. The difference in perfusion was largest 4–7 days after burn.ConclusionLSCI allows for robust, instant measurement of burns and can easily be applied in a clinical setting. Differences in perfusion during the first week post-burn are related to the outcome after 14 days.
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| 4. |
- Lindahl, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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Add-on pramipexole for anhedonic depression : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial and open-label follow-up in Lund, Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11, s. 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Many depressed patients do not achieve remission with available treatments. Anhedonia is a common residual symptom associated with treatment resistance as well as low function and quality of life. There are currently no specific and effective treatments for anhedonia. Some trials have shown that dopamine agonist pramipexole is efficacious for treating depression, but more data is needed before it could become ready for clinical prime time. Given its mechanism of action, pramipexole might be a useful treatment for a depression subtype characterised by significant anhedonia and lack of motivation-symptoms associated with dopaminergic hypofunction. We recently showed, in an open-label pilot study, that add-on pramipexole is a feasible treatment for depression with significant anhedonia, and that pramipexole increases reward-related activity in the ventral striatum. We will now confirm or refute these preliminary results in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and an open-label follow-up study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Eighty patients with major depression (bipolar or unipolar) or dysthymia and significant anhedonia according to the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) are randomised to either add-on pramipexole or placebo for 9 weeks. Change in anhedonia symptoms per the SHAPS is the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes include change in core depressive symptoms, apathy, sleep problems, life quality, anxiety and side effects. Accelerometers are used to assess treatment-associated changes in physical activity and sleep patterns. Blood and brain biomarkers are investigated as treatment predictors and to establish target engagement. After the RCT phase, patients continue with open-label treatment in a 6-month follow-up study aiming to assess long-term efficacy and tolerability of pramipexole. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency. The study is externally monitored according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Results will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05355337 and NCT05825235.
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| 5. |
- Sköldberg, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of AHNAK as a novel autoantigen in systemic lupus erythematosus.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochemical and biophysical research communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 291:4, s. 951-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify candidate autoantigens associated with arthritis, a rat chondrocyte cDNA library was immunoscreened with serum from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. One isolated cDNA encoded part of AHNAK, a 700-kDa phosphoprotein with DNA binding properties, that appears to be involved in several signal transduction pathways. Immunoreactivity against an in vitro translated human AHNAK fragment was detected in 4.6% (5/109) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 29.5% (18/61) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 1.2% (2/172) of blood donors. Anti-AHNAK antibodies reacted with a recombinant human AHNAK fragment and with native AHNAK from C32 cell lysates. In vitro translated AHNAK fragment could be cleaved by granzyme B and caspase-3. Anti-AHNAK positive SLE patients had a higher frequency of homogeneous antinuclear antibody staining patterns and a lower frequency of recent mucosal ulcerations. This is the first report that AHNAK can be targeted by the immune system in autoimmune disease.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Suneson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy of eicosapentaenoic acid in inflammatory depression : study protocol for a match-mismatch trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most antidepressant treatment studies have included patients strictly based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders definition of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Given the heterogeneity of MDD, this approach may have obscured inter-patient differences and hampered the development of novel and targeted treatment strategies. An alternative strategy is to use biomarkers to delineate endophenotypes of depression and test if these can be targeted via mechanism-based interventions. Several lines of evidence suggest that “inflammatory depression” is a clinically meaningful subtype of depression. Preliminary data indicate that omega-3 fatty acids, with their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, may be efficacious in this subtype of depression, and this study aims to test this hypothesis. Method: We conduct a match-mismatch-trial to test if add-on omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces depressive symptoms in patients with MDD and systemic low-grade inflammation. MDD patients on a stable antidepressant treatment are stratified at baseline on high sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels to a high-inflammation group (hs-CRP ≥ 3 mg/L) or a low-inflammation group (hs-CRP < 3 mg/L). Both groups receive add-on EPA (2 g per day) for 8 weeks with three study visits, all including blood draws. Patients and raters are blind to inflammation status. Primary outcome measure is change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score between baseline and week 8. We hypothesize that the inflammation group has a superior antidepressant response to EPA compared to the non-inflammation group. Secondary outcomes include a composite score of “inflammatory depressive symptoms”, quality of life, anxiety, anhedonia, sleep disturbances, fatigue, cognitive performance and change in biomarkers relating to inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolomics and cellular aging. Discussion: In this study we will, for the first time using a match-mismatch trial design, test if omega-3 is an efficacious treatment for inflammatory depression. If our study is successful, it could add to the field of precision psychiatry. Trial registration: This trial was registered May 8, 2017 on clinicaltrials.gov under the reference number NCT03143075.
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| 8. |
- Suneson, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Omega-3 fatty acids for inflamed depression - A match/mismatch study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. - 1090-2139. ; 118, s. 192-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite decades of research on the pathophysiology of depression, the development of new therapeutic interventions has been slow, and no biomarkers of treatment response have been clinically implemented. Several lines of evidence suggest that the clinical and biological heterogeneity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has hampered progress in this field. MDD with low-grade inflammation - "inflamed depression" - is a subtype of depression that may be associated with a superior antidepressant treatment response to anti-inflammatory compounds. Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has anti-inflammatory properties, and preliminary data suggest that it may be particularly efficacious in inflamed depression. In this study we tested the hypothesis that add-on EPA has greater antidepressant efficacy in MDD patients with high baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) compared to MDD patients with low hs-CRP. All subjects received 2.2 g EPA, 400 mg docosahexaenoic acid and 800 mg of other fatty acids daily for 8 weeks, added to stable ongoing antidepressant treatment. The primary outcome was change in the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). Patients and raters were blind to baseline hs-CRP status. In an intention-to-treat analysis including all subjects with at least one post baseline visit (n = 101), ahs-CRPcut-off of ≥1 mg/L, but not ≥3 mg/L, was associated with a greater improvement in HAMD-17 total score. In addition to a general antidepressant effect among patients with hs-CRP ≥ 1 mg/L, adjuvant EPA treatment improved symptoms putatively related to inflamed depression such as fatigue and sleep difficulties. This adds to the mounting evidence that delineation of MDD subgroups based on inflammation may be clinically relevant to predict treatment response to anti-inflammatory interventions.
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| 9. |
- Ventorp, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Preliminary Evidence of Efficacy and Target Engagement of Pramipexole in Anhedonic Depression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice. - : John Wiley and Sons Inc.. - 2575-5609. ; 4:2, s. 42-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective : To investigate feasibility and target engagement of high-dose, add-on pramipexole treatment in anhedonic depression. Method : In this open-label pilot study, we included 12 patients with unipolar or bipolar, moderate-to-severe depression and with significant anhedonia symptoms. All patients were on a stable dose of one or a combination of antidepressants and/or mood stabilizers and received 10 weeks of adjunctive pramipexole titrated to a maximum dose of 4.5 mg salt/day. All patients were rated with the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS), the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating (MADRS) and the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was analyzed pre- and post-treatment. Eight patients underwent fMRI pre- and post-treatment and a simplified version of the monetary incentive delay task was used to investigate the effect of treatment on striatal activity during reward anticipation. Results : DARS, MADRS and SHAPS scores all improved significantly over 10 weeks of pramipexole treatment (p<0.01). Mean levels of hs-CRP decreased significantly over the course of treatment from mean 3.8 mg/L at baseline to 2.6 mg/L at endpoint (p<0.01). There were significant treatment-associated increases in reward related activity in several brain areas including the right lateral putamen, anterior left caudate, left posterior putamen, right dorsal caudate, left anterior putamen, and the right nucleus accumbens. Conclusions : This is the first study to suggest efficacy and target engagement of pramipexole in anhedonic depression. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm or refute these preliminary findings.
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