| 1. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 2. |
- Pesonen, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities in middle-aged never-smokers
- 2023
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Ingår i: ERJ Open Research. - : European Respiratory Society. - 2312-0541. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are incidental findings on chest computed tomography (CT). These patterns can present at an early stage of fibrotic lung disease. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of ILA in the Swedish population, in particular in never-smokers, and find out its association with demographics, comorbidities and symptoms.METHODS: Participants were recruited to the Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study (SCAPIS), a population-based survey including men and women aged 50-64 years performed at six university hospitals in Sweden. CT scan, spirometry and questionnaires were performed. ILA were defined as cysts, ground-glass opacities, reticular abnormality, bronchiectasis and honeycombing.FINDINGS: Out of 29 521 participants, 14 487 were never-smokers and 14 380 were men. In the whole population, 2870 (9.7%) had ILA of which 134 (0.5%) were fibrotic. In never-smokers, the prevalence was 7.9% of which 0.3% were fibrotic. In the whole population, age, smoking history, chronic bronchitis, cancer, coronary artery calcium score and high-sensitive C-reactive protein were associated with ILA. Both ILA and fibrotic ILA were associated with restrictive spirometric pattern and impaired diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. However, individuals with ILA did not report more symptoms compared with individuals without ILA.INTERPRETATION: ILA are common in a middle-aged Swedish population including never-smokers. ILA may be at risk of being underdiagnosed among never-smokers since they are not a target for screening.
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| 3. |
- Anbalagan, Anbarasan, et al.
(författare)
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Continuous microalgae-activated sludge flocs for remediation of municipal wastewater under low temperature
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The operational performance of indigenous microalgae-activated sludge was evaluated regarding the nutrient removal efficiency using raw wastewater collected from Västerås wastewater treatment plant, Sweden at limited artificial surface lighting (290 μmol m-1 sec-1) and Nordic wastewater conditions (13°C). Additionally, the oxygen production and consumption, biomass concentration and its settling was evaluated during the symbiotic algal-bacterial interaction. The results confirmed oxygenic organic compound removal (COD removal of 65-94%) at higher (31-45 d) and lower (13-18 d) sludge retention time (SRT). Also, a complete removal of ammonium throughout the process and partial nitrite-nitrate removal at all SRTs (total nitrogen removal of 41- 62%) were observed. Likewise, a partial phosphorus (P)removal was observed in the effluent which provides an opportunity to capture free P fromthe effluent for recovery as fertiliser. Further, the microalgal growth was slower due to lightor inorganic carbon limitation or ammonium repression caused by higher internal recirculationas observed from ammonium and nitrite-nitrate levels in the PBR. Most importantly, effectivePBR biomass concentration based nutrient removal and relative sludge recirculation have tobe considered in the PBR design to avoid light limitation and activate symbiosis.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bhutani, Naveen, et al.
(författare)
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Energy assessment of Paper Machines
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 14, s. 955-963
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a large value in making Pulp and Paper mills more energy efficient. ABB has developed an energy assessment service where opportunities to save energy in the paper machine are identified. The energy assessment is done by quantifying energy flows, benchmarking energy users, data mining and steam sensitivity analysis and by experiments and additional measurements at the paper machine. Energy quantification helped in identifying main energy consumer, benchmarking was useful to assess the gap between operating performance and best performance whereas data mining and steam sensitivity analysis helped in studying the impact of key operating variables on performance of paper machines. After the assessment an action plan was presented to the mill for energy efficiency improvement together with a return on investment.
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| 6. |
- Hermansson, K., et al.
(författare)
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An Automated Approach to Building and Simulating Dynamic District Heating Networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: IFAC-PapersOnLine. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2405-8963. ; 51:2, s. 855-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Nordic countries, district heating accounts for a large share of the consumers’ heat demand. In Sweden, roughly 50% of the total heat demand is attributed to district heating. Which, over the past few years, is equivalent to around 50 TWh, and imposes a difficult balance between supply and demand for the suppliers of district heating. For large networks the propagation of heat from supplier to end-user can vary several hours. Further complexities of large networks, which can consist of multiple overlapping rings, is that during transient conditions the flow can actually change direction. A dynamic modeling library has been developed in Modelica using OpenModelica for district heating networks. Methods for modeling, handling data, simulating and the visualization of results has been developed using Matlab. The model has been validated using data from Mälarenergi AB, a local provider of district heating in Västerås, Sweden. The model provides to an acceptable degree in predicting the heat propagation and temperature distribution in a localized case study. Adding a higher level of robustness, the model has the capacity to handle bi-directional and reversing flows in complex ring structures. Through this work, the combination of OpenModelica and Matlab, a framework for automating the building and simulation of district heating networks is obtainable. The implications of automating network modeling from computer-aided design drawings allows for a quick robust overview of how the network is working and how prospective additions to the network could impact the end-users. Furthermore, incorporating visual aspects for heat propagation in a network contributes to a higher understanding of complex network structures.
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| 7. |
- Lindberg, Carl-Fredrik, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of different sampling schemes for wireless control subject to packet losses
- 2015
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Ingår i: First International Conference on Event-Based Control, Communication, and Signal Processing. - 9781467378888
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three different approaches to reduce the amount of communication in wireless control subject to packet losses have been evaluated in an extensive simulation study. The sampling approaches are: slow periodic, event-based and self-triggered sampling. They are ranked based on their integrated absolute error (IAE) control performance and also compared with fast periodic sampling. The three approaches have surprisingly equal control performance in the nominal case (without packet losses) for a wide range of test scenarios (process models, controller tunings etc.). With packet losses the importance of re-transmissions becomes evident.
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Carl-Fredrik, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Conservation of energy : A paper machine fingerprint cuts energy usage
- 2013
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Ingår i: ABB review. - 1013-3119. ; :1, s. 58-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Entering the papermaking machine, the raw material that goes into a single A4 sheet of paper would look like a bucket of slightly dirty water. In fact, the stock furnished to a paper machine contains over 99 percent water and less than 1 percent actual paper fiber. Although most of the dewatering in papermaking is performed mechanically, a significant amount is done thermally – resulting in colossal energy usage and making paper production one of the most energy-hungry processes in industry. But where such large consumptions are in play, there also exist opportunities for significant savings. This is why ABB offers a paper machine energy fingerprint. This assessment quantifies energy flows and benchmarks energy use in the paper machine, enabling energy-saving opportunities to be identified.
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| 9. |
- Lindberg, Carl-Fredrik, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Conservation in Industry : Steam Energy Fingerprint of Paper Machine
- 2015
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Ingår i: Handbook of Clean Energy Systems. - Chichester, West Sussex, UK : John Wiley & Sons. - 9781118388587 ; , s. 2175-2181
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a large value in making the industry more energy efficient. The benefit is not only energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions, the industry also becomes more competitive due to lower costs for energy, and often also improved production rate and product quality due to positive side effects when processes are made more efficient. Several factors influence efficiency, the most important ones are presented, as well as advices for an assessment and actions for improvements.As an example a steam energy fingerprint of a paper machine is given. In the assessment energy flows are quantified, energy users in the paper machine are benchmarked and actions for improving efficiency are suggested.
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| 10. |
- Lindberg, Carl-Fredrik, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Paper Machine Energy Fingerprint
- 2010
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Ingår i: Control Systems 2010. ; , s. 208-213
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a large value in making the Pulp & Paper mills more energy efficient. ABB has developed an energy assessment service where opportunities to save energy in the paper machine are identified.The assessment is done by both quantifying energy flows and benchmarking energy users in the paper machine. After the assessment is done an action plan is presented to the mill of what could be done to improve energy efficiency together with a return on investment.
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