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- Bro, T., et al.
(författare)
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Strain out a gnat and swallow a camel? - vision and driving in the Nordic countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-375X. ; 96:6, s. 623-630
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose This study describes the present legislation for visual requirements for driving in the Nordic countries in relation to the European Driving License Directive. MethodsResultsInformation about the formal legislation was gathered from each countries legal text. Further information about the implementation and common practices were achieved from national authorities in vision and driving. Even though the Nordic countries use the same framework of legislation, the implementation varies widely. Sweden and Norway have more specified visual field requirements than the others. On the other hand, no periodic testing of visual acuity (VA) is performed in Sweden as in all other Nordic countries. Physicians on Iceland are not obliged to report a person no longer fulfilling the visual requirements, as in other Nordic countries. In Denmark, Finland and Norway a person may apply for dispensation from the requirements by performing a practical driving test. In Sweden, a person applying for dispensation can undergo a traffic simulator test. ConclusionBecause of the national legislation in the Nordic countries, a person with a visual impairment may be given different permissions depending on which country they live in. As the inhabitants in the Nordic countries frequently cross the regional borders, a harmonization of the legislation would be of value. More research in this field could provide future standards, combining the greatest autonomy with the highest possible safety.
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| 2. |
- Ericsson, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk för att prolaktinom växer under graviditet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 2012:25, s. 1226-1228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To investigate the results of visual field examinations during pregnancy in women with prolactinoma. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 73 women with prolactinoma (97 pregnancies) who were examined at the neuro-ophthalmologic clinic at Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset 2002-2010. Results: One of 62 women with microprolactinoma (1.2 per cent of the pregnancies and 1.6 per cent of the women) and 1 of 11 women with macroprolactinoma (9.1 per cent of the pregnancies and 7.1 per cent of the women) developed visual field defects during pregnancy due to tumour growth. Both women experienced visual symptoms. Conclusions: This study confirms that tumour growth causing visual field defects is rare during pregnancy, although more common with macro- than with microprolactinomas. Based on this and previous studies we conclude that women with microprolactinoma do not need visual field examinations during pregnancy due to a very low risk of non-symptomatic tumour growth, while for women with macroprolactinoma repeated visual field examinations during pregnancy should be considered.
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| 3. |
- Heijl, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic research in ophthalmology.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 83:3, s. 278-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nordic ophthalmologists and vision scientists are active in many fields of eye research. This is most evident at the biannual Nordic Congress of Ophthalmology, most recently held in Malmö in June 2004. The authors here review some of the research in vision and ophthalmology presented at this meeting or published recently by Nordic scientists. This paper does not represent a comprehensive review of all Nordic research in the field, but attempts to give an overview of some of the activities underway in eye research in this part of the world.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
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The role of optical coherence tomography in the detection of pituitary adenoma.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 87:7, s. 776-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To analyse retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with compression of the optic chiasm by a pituitary adenoma. RNFL thickness was analysed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compared to visual field measurements using high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP). Methods: Sixteen eyes from eight patients with pituitary adenoma were studied. All had bitemporal visual field depression caused by compression of the optic chiasm. Patients were submitted to an ophthalmic examination more than 14 months after surgery (seven patients had undergone trans-sphenoidal and one trans-cranial adenomectomy). The examination included HRP, fundus photography and measurement of the peripapillar RNFL thickness using OCT. Results: In spite of temporal visual field depression, not all eyes showed reduced RNFL thickness by OCT. This was also true for some eyes in which RNFL was judged to be reduced on fundus photographs. Contrary to our expectations, RNFL thickness in the nasal quadrant was normal in nine of the 16 eyes. Corresponding figures for the superior, inferior and temporal quadrants were eight, six and five, respectively. The overall RNFL thickness, as measured by OCT, did not correlate well with neural capacity, which is an index of remaining retino-cortical neural channels in HRP. Conclusion: RNFL thickness as measured with OCT was reduced in most, but not all, eyes with temporal field depression caused by chiasmal compression. The pattern of RNFL loss did not correlate well with the visual field defect. Sensitivity of RNFL thickness measurement in OCT was low. The method has limited value in the diagnosis of pituitary tumour compression.
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| 7. |
- Kalaboukhova, Lada, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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An objective method for measuring relative afferent pupillary defect in glaucomatous optic neuropathy - stimulus optimization
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuro-ophthalmology. - 0165-8107. ; 30, s. 7-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop a new technique for measuring relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and to find the best stimulus parameters for detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Methods: With a newly constructed pupillometer based on digital video recording, pupillary light reflexes were analyzed during alternating light stimulation. Pupil area was measured in each video frame using computer digital image analysis. The examinations were performed using different sets of stimulus-pause combinations. Subjects with unilateral or asymmetrical glaucoma were studied and compared to normals. Results: Alternating light stimulation of 0.5-s followed by 1-s pause was shown to be the best stimulus pattern for RAPD detection. Conclusion: Infrared pupillometry could distinguish eyes with glaucoma from normal eyes with good sensitivity and specificity.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kalaboukhova, Lada, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Glaucoma follow-up by the Heidelberg retina tomograph--new graphical analysis of optic disc topography changes.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0721-832X. ; 244:6, s. 654-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a commercially available instrument for the detection of glaucomatous damage by analysis of optic nerve head topography. The main purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of HRT to detect changes in optic disc topography indicating progression of optic neuropathy in eyes with open-angle glaucoma or, in eyes with ocular hypertension, conversion to open-angle glaucoma. METHODS: Fifty-nine subjects (34 with ocular hypertension, 25 with glaucoma) from the glaucoma service at Sahlgrenska University Hospital were included in this study. One eye of each patient was selected. All participants underwent thorough clinical examination, including HRT, high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP), and optic disk photography. After a mean follow-up time of 50 months, patients were re-examined. Based on analyses of optic disc photographs and HRP, eyes were classified into one of two groups: progressive or stable. The differences between baseline and follow-up HRT parameters in the two groups were analysed. The topographic HRT change images were also compared after digital image processing. A pixel ratio was calculated defined as the ratio between the area of pixels representing deepening of the disc surface and the total disc area. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for HRT parameters and pixel ratio were compared. RESULTS: In the group judged to have progressive optic neuropathy, a statistically significant change between baseline and follow-up examination was found for the following HRT parameters: cup shape measurement, classification index, the third moment in contour, cup/disc ratio, cup area, rim area, and area below reference). In the stable group no HRT parameters had changed significantly. A well-defined distinction between the two groups was found by comparing digitally processed HRT change images. The area under the ROC curve was larger for pixel ratio than for any of the HRT parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The HRT is a useful tool for long-term follow-up of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Digital image processing of HRT change images could facilitate the detection of progressive change.
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| 10. |
- Kalaboukhova, Lada, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Relative afferent pupillary defect in glaucoma: a pupillometric study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1395-3907 .- 1600-0420. ; 85:5, s. 519-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the presence of relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) in patients with glaucoma with the help of a custom-built pupillometer. METHODS: Sixty-five participants were recruited (32 with open-angle glaucoma and 33 healthy subjects). All underwent standard clinical examination including perimetry and optic disc photography. Pupillary light reflexes were examined with a custom-built pupillometer. Three video sequences were recorded for each subject. Alternating light stimulation with a duration of 0.5 seconds was used, followed by a 1 second pause. Mean values of pupil area ratio (PAR), pupil contraction velocity ratio (PCVR), and pupil dilation velocity ratio (PDVR) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for each of the three parameters. Intra-individual variability was estimated. RESULTS: PAR and PDVR differed significantly between the group with glaucoma and the control group (P < 0.0001). PAR was more sensitive for glaucoma detection than the other pupillometric parameters (PCVR and PDVR). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was largest for PAR. At a fixed specificity of 90%, sensitivity for PAR was 86.7%. CONCLUSION: Measuring RAPD with infrared computerized pupillometry can detect optic neuropathy in glaucoma with high sensitivity and specificity. The method is fast and objective. Pupil area amplitude measurements were superior to pupil velocity measurements for the detection of RAPD in glaucoma.
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