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- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Conflict between the work and family domains and exhaustion among vocationally active men and women.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-5347 .- 0277-9536. ; 70, s. 1237-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exhaustion is consistently found to be more prevalent in women than in men. Women suffer from job strain more often, which may constitute a partial explanation for this phenomenon, but experienced shortcomings in combining work and family demands may also contribute to ill health. The aim of this study was to investigate, and analyse by gender, how work-related and family-related factors, as well as the interface between them, i.e. work-to-family conflict (WFC) and family-to-work conflict (FWC), are related to exhaustion. The study was cross-sectional with self-administered questionnaires assessing exposures and outcome with previously well-validated instruments. The participants were 2726 men and 2735 women, aged 45-64, vocationally active, and residing in Malmö, Sweden. Sixteen percent of the women and 8% of the men considered themselves exhausted. WFC, FWC, job strain, and low job support were all strongly correlated to exhaustion in both genders. In the multivariate analyses, adjusting for other work and family risk factors, WFC and FWC remained statistically significant risk factors for exhaustion in both men and women. Job strain, low job support, and having a somatic disorder were also independently associated with exhaustion. While WFC was more prevalent among men, it was more strongly associated with exhaustion in women than in men. In women, WFC and FWC contributed to a larger part of the explanatory power of the model, which amounted to 22% of the variance in women and 14% in men. The results imply that the concept of 'work stress' should be regarded in a wider context in order to understand gender related issues of exhaustion among vocationally active individuals.
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| 4. |
- Canivet, Catarina, et al.
(författare)
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Insomnia Symptoms, Sleep Duration, and Disability Pensions: a Prospective Study of Swedish Workers
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1070-5503 .- 1532-7558. ; 21:2, s. 319-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have found insomnia and long sleep duration to be independently associated with subsequent disability pension (DP). However, the issue of a possible gender-based pattern in this context has received little attention. This study aims to assess the impact of insomnia symptoms and sleep duration on the DP rates among Swedish women and men during a 12-year follow-up period. The participants, from the general population of Malmo, Sweden, were enrolled from 1992 to 1994 (n = 4,319; participation rate 41 %), aged 45-64, healthy, and employed a parts per thousand yen30 h per week. Baseline inquiry data concerning psychosocial circumstances and self-reported sleep habits were compared with official register-based DP rates. Five hundred and nine persons were granted a DP. Insomnia symptoms, affirmed by 33 % of the men and 41 % of the women, were associated with receiving a DP; the hazard ratios in the fully adjusted model were 1.4 for both men [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.1, 1.9] and women (95 % CI 1.1, 1.7). The fully adjusted hazard ratio for women sleeping a parts per thousand yen9 h was 7.8 (95 % CI 3.7, 16.6) for DP due to a mental disorder. In the age-adjusted analyses, the sub-domain "difficulties falling asleep" was related to DP due to mental disorders in men and DP due to cardiovascular diseases in women. The findings suggest that preventing and treating insomnia symptoms could reduce DP and that disease mechanisms linking sleep disturbances to DP may differ by gender.
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| 5. |
- Choi, BongKyoo, et al.
(författare)
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Synergistic interaction effect between job control and social support at work on general psychological distress
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 84:1, s. 77-89
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Little is known about the interaction between job control and social support at work on common mental disorders. To examine whether there is a synergistic interaction effect between job control and social support at work on general psychological distress and whether it differs by the level of job demands. Methods About 1,940 male and female workers from the Malmo Shoulder and Neck Study were chosen for this cross-sectional study. Job control, social support at work, and job demands were measured by the Swedish version of the Job Content Questionnaire, and general psychological distress was assessed by the General Health Questionnaire. Results A significant excessive risk increase for general psychological distress was observed when workers had both low job control and low social support at work in both men and women. The synergistic effect was stronger in women, when job demands were low (Rothman's synergy index was 2.16 vs. 1.51 when job demands were high). However, in male workers, while a strong synergistic effect between job control and social support at work was found when job demands were low (synergy index was 9.25), there was an antagonistic effect when job demands were high (synergy index was 0.52). Conclusions There was a synergistic interaction effect between job control and social support at work on general psychological distress, but the synergistic effect or its effect size differed by the level of job demands and gender. An atomic, additive approach to the risk assessment of the psychosocial work characteristics on common mental disorders could be misleading or lead to a risk underestimation.
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| 8. |
- Lampa, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Novel Peptidomimetic Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors Spanning the P2–P1′ Region
- 2014
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Ingår i: ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-5875. ; 5:3, s. 249-254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, novel hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitors based on a P2 pyrimidinyloxyphenylglycine in combination with various regioisomers of an aryl acyl sulfonamide functionality in P1 are presented. The P1′ 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl side chain was shown to be particularly beneficial in terms of inhibitory potency. Several inhibitors with Ki-values in the nanomolar range were developed and included identification of promising P3-truncated inhibitors spanning from P2–P1′. Of several different P2 capping groups that were evaluated, a preference for the sterically congested Boc group was revealed. The inhibitors were found to retain inhibitory potencies for A156T, D168V, and R155K variants of the protease. Furthermore, in vitro pharmacokinetic profiling showed several beneficial effects on metabolic stability as well as on apparent intestinal permeability from both P3 truncation and the use of the P1′ 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl side chain.
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| 9. |
- Lindeberg, Sara
(författare)
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An Epidemiological Study of Exhaustion in the Context of Chronic stress. Concept, Cortisol, Causes and Consequences
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The interest in exhaustion has increased rapidly during the last few decades in many developed countries. In Sweden, prevalence of exhaustion increased by 50 percent on average between 1989 and 2005, and recent data reveals that exhaustion still remains at this higher level. Scientifically, exhaustion is not clearly defined. Chronic stress is acknowledged to give rise to exhaustion, but specific mechanisms involved have generally been overlooked in stress research. The relatively new concept of “hypocortisolism” in this context, referring to low levels of circulating cortisol, and observed in disorders featuring exhaustion, should be of interest. Hypocortisolism has also been suggested to comprise a mechanism for development of stress-related disease that challenges the previous general view of stress pathophysiology. The main objective of this thesis was to evaluate whether exhaustion as concept may be helpful in elucidating stress mechanisms. The four included Papers explored the discriminant validity of exhaustion in relation to depression and anxiety; HPA activity in exhaustion; associations with psychosocial work stressors; and significance for onset of a “stress-related disease”, i.e. cardiac disease. Two study populations were used. For Papers I, III, and IV, analyses were performed on data from the Malmö Shoulder and Neck Study (N = 12,607); prospective data on coronary heart disease for Paper IV was obtained through data linkage. For Paper II, a working population sample (N = 78) was analysed. Exhaustion was assessed by means of the (inverted) SF-36 vitality measure. In Paper I, exhaustion emerged separately from depression and anxiety in factor analysis, supporting the conceptual integrity of exhaustion. In Paper II, HPA dysregulation in terms of a flattened diurnal cortisol rhythm (due to lower morning cortisol) was found in exhaustion. In Paper III, relationships with work-related stressors were demonstrated. Finally, in Paper IV, the contribution of exhaustion, independent from depression and anxiety, in development of coronary heart disease was indicated in men. The findings point to a unique and potentially important role of exhaustion in stress theory. It may, however, be important to focus gender in search of relevant concepts and mechanisms for development of stress-related disease. The search for preventive measures should be essential in future research.
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| 10. |
- Lindeberg, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the Parent-to-Infant Bonding Scale : Validation in Swedish Mothers and Fathers in Community and Clinical Contexts
- 2024
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Kluwer Academic/Human Sciences Press Inc.. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Valid measurement instruments are needed to investigate the impact of parental bonding on child health development. The aim was to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire, the Parent-to-Infant Bonding Scale (PIBS) to measure bonding in both mothers and fathers. Internal consistency and construct validity were analysed using data from Swedish parents from both clinical (N = 182), and community (N = 122) population samples. Overall, good or acceptable internal consistency of the PIBS appeared. Convergent validity (against the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire, analysed in the clinical sample) and discriminant validity (against the mental health constructs of depressive symptoms and anxiety) were demonstrated. The results support the PIBS as a measure of maternal and paternal bonding in community and clinical populations. Assessments of criterion validity in these populations are desirable. The similarities in PIBS measurement properties between the parent groups suggest its usefulness for comparisons between mothers and fathers, and for future investigations of unique and interactive impacts of maternal and paternal bonding on child outcomes using community and clinical cohorts.
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