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| 2. |
- Ade, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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| 3. |
- Berndtsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of the lysosomal apoptosis pathway by inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 124:6, s. 1463-1469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lysosomal apoptosis pathway is a potentially interesting therapeutic target. Since apoptosis involving the lysosomal pathway has been described to involve cathepsins, we screened a drug library for agents that induce cathepsin-dependent apoptosis. Using pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA, we identified 2 structurally related agents (NSC687852 and NSC638646) that induced cathepsin D-dependent caspase-cleavage activity in human breast cancer cells. Both agents were found to induce the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. NSC687852 and NSC638646 were found to inhibit the activity of ubiquitin isopeptidases and to induce the accumulation of high-molecular-mass ubiquitins in cells. We show that 3 other inhibitors of the proteasome degradation pathway induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and that cathepsin-D siRNA inhibits apoptosis induced by these agents. We conclude that a screen for cathepsin-dependent apoptosis-inducing agents resulted in the identification of ubiquitin isopeptidase inhibitors and that proteasome inhibitors with different mechanisms of action induce LMP and cathepsin D-dependent apoptosis.
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| 4. |
- Black-Schaffer, Annica M., et al.
(författare)
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Majorana fermions in spin-orbit-coupled ferromagnetic Josephson junctions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 84:18, s. 180509(R)-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study all possible Majorana modes in two-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled ferromagnetic superconductor-normal state-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions and propose experiments to detect them. With the S region in a nontrivial topological phase and a superconducting phase difference phi = pi across the junction, two delocalized Majorana fermions with no excitation gap appear in the N region. In addition, if S and N belong to different topological phases and have well separated the Fermi surfaces, localized Majorana fermions with a finite excitation gap also emerge at both SN interfaces for all phi.
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| 5. |
- Bohm, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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FFR-Guided Complete or Culprit-Only PCI in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
- 2024
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The benefit of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided complete revascularization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease remains unclear.Methods In this multinational, registry-based, randomized trial, we assigned patients with STEMI or very-high-risk non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease who were undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion to receive either FFR-guided complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions or no further revascularization. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization. The two key secondary outcomes were a composite of death from any cause or myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization.Results A total of 1542 patients underwent randomization, with 764 assigned to receive FFR-guided complete revascularization and 778 assigned to receive culprit-lesion-only PCI. At a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 4.3 to 5.2), a primary-outcome event had occurred in 145 patients (19.0%) in the complete-revascularization group and in 159 patients (20.4%) in the culprit-lesion-only group (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.17; P=0.53). With respect to the secondary outcomes, no apparent between-group differences were observed in the composite of death from any cause or myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.44) or unplanned revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.04). There were no apparent between-group differences in safety outcomes.Conclusions Among patients with STEMI or very-high-risk NSTEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, FFR-guided complete revascularization was not shown to result in a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization than culprit-lesion-only PCI at 4.8 years. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; FULL REVASC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02862119.) In a registry-based trial, FFR-guided PCI of nonculprit lesions did not result in a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization than culprit-lesion-only PCI.
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| 6. |
- Böhm, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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FFR-Guided Complete or Culprit-Only PCI in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
- 2024
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 390:16, s. 1481-1492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The benefit of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided complete revascularization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease remains unclear. METHODS: In this multinational, registry-based, randomized trial, we assigned patients with STEMI or very-high-risk non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease who were undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the culprit lesion to receive either FFR-guided complete revascularization of nonculprit lesions or no further revascularization. The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization. The two key secondary outcomes were a composite of death from any cause or myocardial infarction and unplanned revascularization. RESULTS: A total of 1542 patients underwent randomization, with 764 assigned to receive FFR-guided complete revascularization and 778 assigned to receive culprit-lesion-only PCI. At a median follow-up of 4.8 years (interquartile range, 4.3 to 5.2), a primary-outcome event had occurred in 145 patients (19.0%) in the complete-revascularization group and in 159 patients (20.4%) in the culprit-lesion-only group (hazard ratio, 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74 to 1.17; P = 0.53). With respect to the secondary outcomes, no apparent between-group differences were observed in the composite of death from any cause or myocardial infarction (hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.44) or unplanned revascularization (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.04). There were no apparent between-group differences in safety outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with STEMI or very-high-risk NSTEMI and multivessel coronary artery disease, FFR-guided complete revascularization was not shown to result in a lower risk of a composite of death from any cause, myocardial infarction, or unplanned revascularization than culprit-lesion-only PCI at 4.8 years. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; FULL REVASC ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02862119.).
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| 7. |
- Charpentier, Sophie, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Induced unconventional superconductivity on the surface states of Bi2Te3 topological insulator
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Topological superconductivity is central to a variety of novel phenomena involving the interplay between topologically ordered phases and broken-symmetry states. The key ingredient is an unconventional order parameter, with an orbital component containing a chiral p(x) + ip(y) wave term. Here we present phase-sensitive measurements, based on the quantum interference in nanoscale Josephson junctions, realized by using Bi2Te3 topological insulator. We demonstrate that the induced superconductivity is unconventional and consistent with a sign-changing order parameter, such as a chiral px + ipy component. The magnetic field pattern of the junctions shows a dip at zero externally applied magnetic field, which is an incontrovertible signature of the simultaneous existence of 0 and pi coupling within the junction, inherent to a non trivial order parameter phase. The nano-textured morphology of the Bi2Te3 flakes, and the dramatic role played by thermal strain are the surprising key factors for the display of an unconventional induced order parameter.
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| 8. |
- Citrin, J., et al.
(författare)
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Tractable flux-driven temperature, density, and rotation profile evolution with the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz
- 2017
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Ingår i: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6587 .- 0741-3335. ; 59:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quasilinear turbulent transport models are a successful tool for prediction of core tokamak plasma profiles in many regimes. Their success hinges on the reproduction of local nonlinear gyrokinetic fluxes. We focus on significant progress in the quasilinear gyrokinetic transport model QuaLiKiz (Bourdelle et al 2016 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 58 014036), which employs an approximated solution of the mode structures to significantly speed up computation time compared to full linear gyrokinetic solvers. Optimisation of the dispersion relation solution algorithm within integrated modelling applications leads to flux calculations x 10(6-7) faster than local nonlinear simulations. This allows tractable simulation of flux-driven dynamic profile evolution including all transport channels: ion and electron heat, main particles, impurities, and momentum. Furthermore, QuaLiKiz now includes the impact of rotation and temperature anisotropy induced poloidal asymmetry on heavy impurity transport, important for W-transport applications. Application within the JETTO integrated modelling code results in 1 s of JET plasma simulation within 10 h using 10 CPUs. Simultaneous predictions of core density, temperature, and toroidal rotation profiles for both JET hybrid and baseline experiments are
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| 9. |
- Dahlberg, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Use of healthcare before and after sepsis in Sweden : a case-control study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 13:2, s. 065967-065967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare readmissions and death between sepsis and non-sepsis hospitalisations the first year after discharge, and to investigate what diagnoses patients with sepsis present with at readmission. The aim was also to evaluate to what degree patients hospitalised for sepsis seek medical attention prior to hospitalisation. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study with data validated through clinical chart review. A disproportionate stratified sampling model was used to include a relatively larger number of sepsis hospitalisations. SETTING: All eight public hospitals in region Scania, Sweden (1 January to 3 December 2019). PARTICIPANTS: There were 447 patients hospitalised for sepsis (cases), and 541 hospitalised for other causes (control) identified through clinical chart review. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cox regression was used to analyse readmission and death the year after discharge, and logistic regression was used to analyse healthcare the week prior to hospitalisation. Both analyses were made unadjusted, and adjusted for age, sex and comorbidities. RESULTS: Out of patients who survived a sepsis hospitalisation, 48% were readmitted the year after discharge, compared with 39% for patients without sepsis (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.19), p=0.04. The majority (52%) of readmissions occurred within 90 days and 75% within 180 days. The readmissions were most often caused by infection (32%), and 18% by cardiovascular disease. Finally, 34% of patients with sepsis had sought prehospital contact with a physician the week before hospitalisation, compared with 22% for patients without sepsis (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.04), p=0.03. CONCLUSION: Patients hospitalised for sepsis had a higher risk of readmission the year after discharge compared with patients without sepsis. The most common diagnoses at readmission were infection followed by cardiovascular disease. With better follow-up, some of these readmissions could potentially be prevented. Patients hospitalised for sepsis had sought prehospital contact the week prior to hospitalisation to a greater extent than patients without sepsis.
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| 10. |
- Dworeck, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Radial artery access is associated with lower mortality in patients undergoing primary PCI : a report from the SWEDEHEART registry
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 2048-8726 .- 2048-8734. ; 9:4, s. 323-332
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of this observational study was to evaluate the effects of radial artery access versus femoral artery access on the risk of 30-day mortality, inhospital bleeding and cardiogenic shock in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods: We used data from the SWEDEHEART registry and included all patients who were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in Sweden between 2005 and 2016. We compared patients who had percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access versus femoral access with regard to the primary endpoint of all-cause death within 30 days, using a multilevel propensity score adjusted logistic regression which included hospital as a random effect.Results: During the study period, 44,804 patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention of whom 24,299 (54.2%) had radial access and 20,505 (45.8%) femoral access. There were 2487 (5.5%) deaths within 30 days, of which 920 (3.8%) occurred in the radial access and 1567 (7.6%) in the femoral access group. After propensity score adjustment, radial access was associated with a lower risk of death (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-0.88,P = 0.025). We found no interaction between access site and age, gender and cardiogenic shock regarding 30-day mortality. Radial access was also associated with a lower adjusted risk of bleeding (adjusted OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.79,P = 0.006) and cardiogenic shock (adjusted OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.24-0.73,P = 0.002).Conclusions: In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, primary percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access rather than femoral access was associated with an adjusted lower risk of death, bleeding and cardiogenic shock. Our findings are consistent with, and add external validity to, recent randomised trials.
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