| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Ask, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Studenters uppmärksamhet under föreläsningar
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings utvecklingskonferens 09 Lunds Universitet. - 9789197797429 ; , s. 112-120
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Föreläsningar är vanlig undervisningsform på Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH). Deras stora fördel är att information överförs ekonomiskt och effektivt till många studenter samtidigt men de har även sina begränsningar. Kritiker menar att information överförs till passivt mottagande studenter och att bristande uppmärksamhet och engagemang hos studenterna begränsar mängden kunskap som faktiskt tas emot. En intervju- och litteraturstudie har genomförts för att dels inventera vilka metoder som finns för att hålla studenternas uppmärksamhet uppe och dels vilka som tillämpas av föreläsare vid LTH. Variation och olika former av aktivering framstår såväl i litteraturen som i intervjuerna som viktiga metoder. I artikeln presenteras även inspiration kring hur man kan använda variation, och andra aktiviteter för att engagera och aktivera studenterna samt hur man kan strukturera en föreläsning. De flesta av de intervjuade föreläsarna uppger att de utvecklat sina strategier genom erfarenhet medan knappt hälften nämner pedagogiska kurser.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations of phthalates and phenolic substances in urine from first-time mothers in Uppsala, Sweden: temporal trends 2009- 2018
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan 1996 samlas blod- och modersmjölksprover regelbundet in från förstföderskor i Uppsala i den så kallade POPUP-studien. Sedan 2009 tas också ett urinprov. I denna rapport har tidstrender för ftalater och fenolära ämnen studerats i urinprov insamlade mellan 2009 och 2018. Ftalater och fenolära ämnen metaboliseras relativt snabbt i kroppen och för flertalet är det därför en metabolit till själva huvudsubstansen som har analyserats.Totalt sett analyserades tolv metaboliter till sex ftalater, en metabolit till en ersättningskemikalie till ftalater, metaboliter till tre fosforbaserade flamskyddsmedel, två pesticidmetaboliter samt åtta fenolära ämnen, bland annat triclosan, bisfenol A, S och F. Analyserna utfördes av Lunds universitet. Syftet var att studera tidstrender för dessa olika ämnen under perioden 2009-2018.Resultaten visade en nedåtgående tidstrend för de ftalater som håller på att fasas ut samtidigt som metaboliten för en ersättare till ftalaterna ökade. Det omdiskuterade ämnet bisfenol A och triclosan visade nedåtgående trender medan en ersättningssubstans till bisfenol A, bisfenol F, snarare hade en omvänd u-formad kurva. Även en metabolit till insekticiden klorpyrifos minskade under perioden, möjligen som en konsekvens av att strängare gränsvärden införts i EU.Analyser av urin gör det möjligt att studera hur befolkningens exponering för snabbmetaboliserande substanser ser ut. Genom att analysera prover över tid kan man studera hur befolkningens exponering förändras efter att åtgärder för att begränsa vissa kemikalier satts in samt hur exponeringen för nya ersättningskemikalier utvecklas.
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| 5. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Serum concentrations of perfluorinated alkyl acids and their associations with diet and personal characteristics among Swedish adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4133 .- 1613-4125. ; 57:12, s. 2206-2215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ScopeIn this study, food is suggested as a major source of human exposure to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAA). We investigated relations between serum levels of PFAA in adults and diet/lifestyle factors nationwide in Sweden. Methods and resultsIn 2010-2011, adults (18-80 years, N = 270) recorded their diet for 4 days and answered a food frequency questionnaire. PFAA were measured in blood serum as well as v-3 fatty acids in plasma phospholipids as a biomarker for fish consumption. Higher levels of PFAA were associated with male sex, increased age, and higher education. Women reporting full breastfeeding for 12 months had 32-44% lower levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorohexane sulfonate than women who never nursed their infants full-time. Serum perfluorooctane sulfonate, perfluorononanoic acid, perfluorodecanoic acid, and perfluoroundecanoic acid were positively related to n-3 fatty acids in plasma (partial r = 0.19-0.34, p 0.05). ConclusionThe relatively strong correlations between biomarkers of fish consumption and certain PFAA suggest that PFAA exposure should be taken into account in health risk and benefit assessment of fish consumption. Breastfeeding appears to be a major source of elimination of certain PFAA among women, and consequently PFAA exposure of nursed infants could be significant.
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| 6. |
- Christell, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for costing diagnostic methods in oral health care : an application comparing a new imaging technology with the conventional approach for maxillary canines with eruption disturbances
- 2012
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Ingår i: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0301-5661 .- 1600-0528. ; 40:4, s. 351-361
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aims were (i) to propose a framework for costing diagnostic methods in oral health care and (ii) to illustrate the application of the framework to the radiographic examination of maxillary canines with eruption disturbances. Methods: The framework for costing, following Drummond et al.(2005), includes three elements: (i) identification of different resources used in producing and delivering the service, (ii) measurement of the amount of each resource required and (iii) valuation of the resources in monetary terms. Four data collection instruments were designed – a protocol for apportioning the cost of capital equipment to each diagnostic procedure, separate forms for recording consumable items, for the time of different health care providers used for a diagnostic examination and a patient survey for calculation of the total cost to the patient associated with the examination. The framework was applied to the radiographic examination of maxillary canines with eruption disturbances comparing two imaging methods: (i) a new method with cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography and (ii) a conventional method using intraoral and panoramic radiography. The primary analysis was performed from the perspective of the health care system. A separate analysis included patient costs with health care system costs to provide a societal perspective. Comparison of the two perspectives allows consideration of whether any costs savings to the health care system are generated at the expense of greater costs for patients and their families. Data for the cost-analysis were retrieved from 47 patients (mean age 14 years) referred to a department of radiology for examination of maxillary canines. Results:Application of the framework for costing allowed us to compare the resources used to perform examinations of the two methods. The mean total cost per examination for the new method was 128.38€ and 81.80€ for the conventional method, resulting in an incremental cost per examination of the new method of 46.58€. Conclusions: The application of the framework demonstrates the feasibility of measuring and comparing the total costs as well as the distribution of total costs between providers and patients for different approaches to this common examination.
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| 7. |
- Christell, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Economic evaluation in oral health care
- 2009
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Ingår i: Programme and abstract book. ; , s. 70-70
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction Economic evaluation attempts to weigh costs and effects of alternative interventions with the goal that available resources are used to achieve maximum benefits for patients in terms of health and quality of life. In emerging technologies this is particularly important to avoid inappropriate and excessive use. Objectives To analyse evidence on economic evaluation in oral health care, particularly on diagnostic imaging methods, by systematic review. Material and methods A search for literature was made starting with a hand made search according to the pearl growing model. This search strategy means that articles and relevant literature are retrieved by talking to renowned specialists in the subject area and by finding indexing and MeSH terms by looking at those articles and their reference lists. From seven articles indexing terms and MeSH terms were chosen and searches were made from PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Science Citations Index. The retrieved primary studies that according to the abstract contained a cost-effectiveness analysis were interpreted by two reviewers using a check-list for assessing economic evaluations (Drummond et al. 2005). Results The literature search yielded 258 titles and abstracts. Out of these, 93 studies were selected and read in full text. There was a vast heterogeneity in study design. No clear evidence was found. Methodology regarding the odontological part was acceptable in a few studies but the methodology for the economic evaluation was insufficient. Conclusions and discussion This review reveals a need for studies with improved quality in economic evaluation in oral health care. We will propose and discuss a model for economic evaluation of diagnostic methods that will contain information of how to (i) identify costs (ii) categorise costs and (iii) value costs. This model will be applied in the SEDENTEXCT project on Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Reference: Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Torrance GW, O´Brian BJ, Stoddart GL. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes, Oxford, 2005, Oxford Medical Publications, 3rd ed. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Atomic Energy Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2011 under grant agreement no 212246 (SEDENTEXCT: Safety and Efficacy of a New and Emerging Dental X-ray Modality).
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| 8. |
- Christell, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Economic evaluation of diagnostic methods used in dentistry : a systematic review
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Dentistry. - : Elsevier. - 0300-5712 .- 1879-176X. ; 42:11, s. 1361-1371
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To review the literature of economic evaluations regarding diagnostic methods used in dentistry. DATA SOURCES: Four databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, The Cochrane library, the NHS Economic Evaluation Database) were searched for studies, complemented by hand search, until February 2013. STUDY SELECTION: Two authors independently screened all titles or abstracts and then applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to select full-text publications published in English, which reported an economic evaluation comparing at least two alternative methods. Studies of diagnostic methods were assessed by four reviewers using a protocol based on the QUADAS tool regarding diagnostic methods and a check-list for economic evaluations. The results of the data extraction were summarized in a structured table and as a narrative description. RESULTS: From 476 identified full-text publications, 160 were considered to be economic evaluations. Only 12 studies (7%) were on diagnostic methods, whilst 78 studies (49%) were on prevention and 70 (40%) on treatment. Among studies on diagnostic methods, there was between-study heterogeneity methodologically, regarding the diagnostic method analysed and type of economic evaluation addressed. Generally, the choice of economic evaluation method was not justified and the perspective of the study not stated. Costing of diagnostic methods varied. CONCLUSIONS: A small body of literature addresses economic evaluation of diagnostic methods in dentistry. Thus, there is a need for studies from various perspectives with well defined research questions and measures of the cost and effectiveness. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Economic resources in healthcare are finite. For diagnostic methods, an understanding of efficacy provides only part of the information needed for evidence-based practice. This study highlighted a paucity of economic evaluations of diagnostic methods used in dentistry, indicating that much of what we practise lacks sufficient evidence.
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| 9. |
- Christell, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of Cone Beam CT on financial costs and orthodontists' treatment decisions in the management of maxillary canines with eruption disturbance
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Orthodontics. - : Oxford University Press. - 0141-5387 .- 1460-2210. ; :1, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Examination with Cone Beam CT (CBCT) is common for localizing maxillary canines with eruption disturbance. The benefits and costs of these examinations are unclear. Objectives: To measure: 1. the proportion of orthodontists' treatment decisions that were different based on intraoral and panoramic radiography (M1) compared with CBCT and panoramic radiography (M2); and 2. the costs of producing different treatment plans, regarding patients with maxillary canines with eruption disturbance. Subjects and methods: Orthodontists participated in a web-based survey and were randomly assigned to denote treatment decisions and the level of confidence in this decision for four patient cases presented with M1 or M2 at two occasions for the same patient case. Results: One hundred and twelve orthodontists made 445 assessments based on M1 and M2, respectively. Twenty-four per cent of the treatment decisions were different depending on which method the raters had access to, whereof one case differed significantly from all other cases. The mean total cost per examination was €99.84 using M1 and €134.37 using M2, resulting in an incremental cost per examination of €34.53 for M2. Limitations: Benefits in terms of number of different treatment decisions must be considered as an intermediate outcome for the effectiveness of a diagnostic method and should be interpreted with caution. Conclusions: For the patient cases presented in this study, most treatment decisions were the same irrespective of radiological method. Accordingly, this study does not support routine use of CBCT regarding patients with maxillary canine with eruption disturbance.
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| 10. |
- Christell, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in costs of cone beam CT examinations among health care systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X .- 1476-542X. ; 41:7, s. 571-577
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To analyse the costs of cone beam CT (CBCT) in different healthcare systems for patients with different clinical conditions. Methods: Costs were calculated for CBCT performed in Cluj (Romania), Leuven (Belgium), Malmö (Sweden) and Vilnius (Lithuania) on patients with (i) a maxillary canine with eruption disturbance, (ii) an area with tooth loss prior to implant treatment or (iii) a lower wisdom tooth planned for removal. The costs were calculated using an approach based on the identification, measurement and valuation of all resources used in the delivery of the service that combined direct costs (capital equipment, accommodation, labour) with indirect costs (patients’ and accompanying persons’ time, ‘‘out of pocket’’ costs for examination fee and visits). Results: The estimates for direct and indirect costs varied among the healthcare systems, being highest in Malmö and lowest in Leuven. Variation in direct costs was mainly owing to different capital costs for the CBCT equipment arising from differences in purchase prices (range J148 000–227 000). Variation in indirect costs were mainly owing to examination fees (range J0–102.02). Conclusions: Cost analysis provides an important input for economic evaluations of diagnostic methods in different healthcare systems and for planning of service delivery. Additionally, it enables decision-makers to separate variations in costs between systems into those due to external influences and those due to policy decisions. A cost evaluation of a dental radiographic method cannot be generalized from one healthcare system to another, but must take into account these specific circumstances.
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