| 1. |
- Lindholm, Anna K., et al.
(författare)
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The Ecology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Meiotic Drive
- 2016
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 31:4, s. 315-326
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meiotic drivers are genetic variants that selfishly manipulate the production of gametes to increase their own rate of transmission, often to the detriment of the rest of the genome and the individual that carries them. This genomic conflict potentially occurs whenever a diploid organism produces a haploid stage, and can have profound evolutionary impacts on gametogenesis, fertility, individual behaviour, mating system, population survival, and reproductive isolation. Multiple research teams are developing artificial drive systems for pest control, utilising the transmission advantage of drive to alter or exterminate target species. Here, we review current knowledge of how natural drive systems function, how drivers spread through natural populations, and the factors that limit their invasion.
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| 2. |
- Ammoun, Sylwia, et al.
(författare)
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G-protein-coupled OX1 Orexin/hcrtr-1 Hypocretin Receptors Induce Caspase-dependent and -independent Cell Death through p38 Mitogen-/Stress-activated Protein Kinase
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 281, s. 834-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the signaling of OX1 receptors to cell death using Chinese hamster ovary cells as a model system. OX1 receptor stimulation with orexin-A caused a delayed cell death independently of cytosolic Ca2+ elevation. The classical mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, ERK and p38, were strongly activated by orexin-A. p38 was essential for induction of cell death, whereas the ERK pathway appeared protective. A pathway often implicated in the p38-mediated cell death, activation of p53, did not mediate the cell death, as there was no stabilization of p53 or increase in p53-dependent transcriptional activity, and dominant-negative p53 constructs did not inhibit cell demise. Under basal conditions, orexin-A-induced cell death was associated with compact chromatin condensation and it required de novo gene transcription and protein synthesis, the classical hallmarks of programmed (apoptotic) cell death. However, though the pan-caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-(O-methyl)fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-fmk) fully inhibited the caspase activity, it did not rescue the cells from orexin-A-induced death. In the presence of Z-VAD-fmk, orexin-A-induced cell death was still dependent on p38 and de novo protein synthesis, but it no longer required gene transcription. Thus, caspase inhibition causes activation of alternative, gene transcription-independent death pathway. In summary, the present study points out mechanisms for orexin receptor-mediated cell death and adds to our general understanding of the role of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling in cell death by suggesting a pathway from G-protein-coupled receptors to cell death via p38 mitogen-/stress-activated protein kinase independent of p53 and caspase activation.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Potential, effekter och erfarenheter från återbruk i bygg- och fastighetssektorn från den lokala samverkansarenan i Göteborgsregionen ”Återbruk Väst”
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I studien har åtta olika projekt som arbetat praktiskt med återbruk utvärderats avseende inventerad återbrukspotential och effekter av faktiskt och planerat återbruk. Återbrukspotentialen som framkommit vid projektens återbruksinventeringar har utvärderats avseende klimatbesparing, resurs/avfallsbesparing och ekonomiskt produktvärde. De produkter som inventerats för återbruk har ett genomgående gott funktionellt skick samt ett relativt gott estetiskt skick. Av denna återbrukspotential som inventerats har sedan omkring en tredjedel resulterat i effekter av faktiskt eller planerat återbruk.Därutöver presenterar rapporten erfarenheter kring förändrade arbetssätt och attityder avseende återbruk. Fem sådana är att 1) attityder till återbruk generellt är positivt 2), drivkrafterna för ökat återbruk varierar men klimatbesparing är den största 3) kunskapen kring återbruk ökar 4) styrningen av återbruksarbetet har stor förbättringspotential och 5) många hinder och stort utvecklingsbehov finns för ökat återbruk.Studien fastslår att återbruk har stor potential, men att det faktiska återbruket inte riktigt når upp till denna potential. För att omsätta resultaten i denna studie till praktiskt återbruksarbete ger rapporten slutligen rekommendationer på insatser för att nå ett ökat återbruk.
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| 4. |
- Cheng, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Nanoscale hydration in layered manganese oxides
- 2021
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Ingår i: Langmuir. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0743-7463 .- 1520-5827. ; 37:2, s. 666-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birnessite is a layered MnO2 mineral capable of intercalating nanometric water films in its bulk. With its variable distributions of Mn oxidation states (MnIV, MnIII, and MnII), cationic vacancies, and interlayer cationic populations, birnessite plays key roles in catalysis, energy storage solutions, and environmental (geo)chemistry. We here report the molecular controls driving the nanoscale intercalation of water in potassium-exchanged birnessite nanoparticles. From microgravimetry, vibrational spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we find that birnessite intercalates no more than one monolayer of water per interlayer when exposed to water vapor at 25 °C, even near the dew point. Molecular dynamics showed that a single monolayer is an energetically favorable hydration state that consists of 1.33 water molecules per unit cell. This monolayer is stabilized by concerted potassium–water and direct water–birnessite interactions, and involves negligible water–water interactions. Using our composite adsorption–condensation–intercalation model, we predicted humidity-dependent water loadings in terms of water intercalated in the internal and adsorbed at external basal faces, the proportions of which vary with particle size. The model also accounts for additional populations condensed on and between particles. By describing the nanoscale hydration of birnessite, our work secures a path for understanding the water-driven catalytic chemistry that this important layered manganese oxide mineral can host in natural and technological settings.
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| 5. |
- Dahlgren, Liselotte, et al.
(författare)
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Human papillomavirus is more common in base of tongue than in mobile tongue cancer and is a favorable prognostic factor in base of tongue cancer patients.
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 112:6, s. 1015-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency of human papilloma virus (HPV) and its influence on clinical outcome was analyzed retrospectively in pre-treatment paraffin embedded biopsies from 110 patients with tongue cancer. The presence of HPV DNA was examined in 85 mobile tongue tumors and 25 base of tongue tumors by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 2 general primer pairs, GP5+/6+ and CPI/IIG. When HPV-DNA was found, HPV-type specific primers and direct sequencing were used for HPV sub-type verification. Twelve of 110 (10.9%) samples were HPV-positive; 9 for HPV-16, 1 for HPV-33, 1 for HPV-35 and 1 could not be analyzed because of shortage of DNA. HPV was significantly more common in base of tongue tumors (10/25, 40.0%) compared to tumors of the mobile tongue (2/85, 2.3%). The influence of HPV on clinical outcome in mobile tongue cancer could not be studied, due to that HPV was present in too few cases. Of the 19 patients with base of tongue cancer that were included in the survival analysis, however, 7 patients with HPV-positive base of tongue cancer had a significantly favorable 5-year survival rate compared to the 12 HPV-negative patients. In conclusion, HPV is significantly more common in base of tongue cancer than in mobile tongue cancer, and has a positive impact on disease-specific survival in patients with base of tongue cancer.
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| 6. |
- Elgåker, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Horse Keeping in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas: New Conditions for Physical Planning in Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0016-7223 .- 1903-2471. ; 110, s. 81-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of land use conflicts involving planning practice, equine activities and businesses and neighbouring landowners and residents have occurred in Swedish peri-urban areas. In a case study the disturbances and benefits arising from horses experienced by residents in two different areas of Sweden were investigated, together with a study of the attitudes of local planners to horse keeping near residential areas and subsequent policy documents. The results from the study found few conflicts between residents and horse keeping but revealed diverging practice and policy between municipalities, which may create a legal insecurity for the involved stakeholders. The results were mirrored in the broader perspective of spatial planning facing new challenges in the wake of the urban-rural diffusion. This was obtained by means of current planning theory discourse in examining the effects of set-back distance from rural contexts when applied in urban areas. The study illustrated a planning problem where the planning tools for managing this issue has been built on the urban- rural dichotomy providing unclear planning practice and policy in a peri-urban context. The result may be used to elucidate the character of this issue in the search for suitable planning tools in peri urban areas. Keywords Equine activity, land use, comprehensive planning, conflict, peri-urban
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| 7. |
- Elgåker, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Horse riding posing challenges to the Swedish Right of Public Access
- 2012
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Ingår i: Land Use Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 29, s. 274-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing numbers of horses are being kept for sports and leisure purposes in peri-urban areas throughout the Western world. This expansion of the equestrian sector represents a multifunctional transition, with new production of rural goods and services and increasing influence on land use. In Sweden, the number of horses has increased from 70,000 to approximately 300,000 over the last 30 years. This increase is putting pressure on the traditional Right of Public Access, an old custom allowing the public to walk, cycle or ride on private or state-owned property. This paper analyses multifunctional land use in peri-urban areas in order to provide a deeper understanding of the potential conflicts arising due to the expanding equine sector and to assess how these can affect the Swedish right of public access and spatial planning. A survey of horse riders and landowners in three peri-urban regions of Sweden revealed that these groups differ in their attitudes towards the Right of Public Access. The data also showed that the expanding equine sector is generating new demands on rural areas and there are questions regarding how the current system of open accessibility can meet the increasing market for equestrian leisure activities. The main conclusion is that there seems to be a strong need for intervention and deliberate creation of new ways of handling the accessibility question, where both a bottom-up and top-down approach may be useful
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| 8. |
- Ericsson, Stina, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Att analysera interaktion
- 2023
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Snart sagt alla situationer en människa befinner sig i präglas av interaktion. Människor pratar med varandra, rör sig genom ett rum, utbyter blickar, lär sig saker, arbetar, skämtar, håller i föremål ... Utmärkande för oss människor är nämligen att vi får saker och ting gjorda med vårt språk och våra kroppsliga resurser. Genom sådana handlingar påverkar vi vår omvärld och våra medmänniskor - och vi gör det tillsammans med dem. Det är studiet av denna mänskliga interaktion som boken handlar om. I första delen introduceras forskningsfältet interaktionsanalys och de arbetssätt, redskap och etiska ställningstaganden som hör till fältet. Den andra delen innehåller forskningsstudier som visar på bredden inom fältet och som pedagogiskt leder läsaren genom hela analysarbetet. Till boken hör även ett videomaterial som illustrerar några av bokens exempel, och som är tillgängligt för läsarens egna studier. Att analysera interaktion är avsedd för utbildningar inom språk vetenskap och angränsande ämnen som sociologi, utbildningsvetenskap och kommunikation.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Eriksson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Low level of education is associated with later stage at diagnosis and reduced survival in cutaneous malignant melanoma : A nationwide population-based study in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 49:12, s. 2705-2716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:A worse outcome has been reported for cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) patients with low socioeconomic status. We have investigated the association between level of education, clinical stage at diagnosis (stage at diagnosis) and CMM-specific survival in Sweden.METHODS:We identified 27,235 patients from the Swedish Melanoma Register diagnosed with a primary invasive CMM between 1990 and 2007 and linked data to nationwide, population-based, health and census registers with a follow-up to 2010.RESULTS:The odds ratio (OR) of higher disease stage at diagnosis was significantly increased in lower education groups (OR stage II versus I=1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.5-1.7. OR stage III-IV versus I=2.3; 95% CI=1.8-2.9). The risk of dying of CMM, was significantly increased in patients with low (hazard ratio (HR) low versus high=2.02; 95% CI=1.80-2.26; p<0.0001) and intermediate (HR intermediate versus high=1.35; 95% CI=1.20-1.51; p<0.0001) level of education. After adjustment for age, gender, stage at diagnosis and other known prognostic factors, the HRs remained significant for low versus high (HR=1.13; 95% CI=1.01-1.27; p=0.04) but not for intermediate versus high (HR=1.11; 95% CI=0.99-1.24; p=0.08) education. The HR associated with low level of education was significantly higher among female patients, patients <55years, patients with truncal tumours and during the first 5years after diagnosis.CONCLUSION:Lower level of education is associated with reduced CMM-specific survival, which may at least partially be attributed to a more advanced stage at diagnosis. These results emphasise the need for improved early detection strategies.
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