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- Cardinale, Daniele A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of Hyperoxic-Supplemented High-Intensity Interval Training on Hemotological and Muscle Mitochondrial Adaptations in Trained Cyclists.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Physiology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-042X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hyperoxia (HYPER) increases O2 carrying capacity resulting in a higher O2 delivery to the working muscles during exercise. Several lines of evidence indicate that lactate metabolism, power output, and endurance are improved by HYPER compared to normoxia (NORM). Since HYPER enables a higher exercise power output compared to NORM and considering the O2 delivery limitation at exercise intensities near to maximum, we hypothesized that hyperoxic-supplemented high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would upregulate muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and enhance endurance cycling performance compared to training in normoxia. Methods: 23 trained cyclists, age 35.3 ± 6.4 years, body mass 75.2 ± 9.6 kg, height 179.8 ± 7.9 m, and VO2max 4.5 ± 0.7 L min-1 performed 6 weeks polarized and periodized endurance training on a cycle ergometer consisting of supervised HIIT sessions 3 days/week and additional low-intensity training 2 days/week. Participants were randomly assigned to either HYPER (FIO2 0.30; n = 12) or NORM (FIO2 0.21; n = 11) breathing condition during HIIT. Mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria together with maximal and submaximal VO2, hematological parameters, and self-paced endurance cycling performance were tested pre- and posttraining intervention. Results: Hyperoxic training led to a small, non-significant change in performance compared to normoxic training (HYPER 6.0 ± 3.7%, NORM 2.4 ± 5.0%; p = 0.073, ES = 0.32). This small, beneficial effect on the self-paced endurance cycling performance was not explained by the change in VO2max (HYPER 1.1 ± 3.8%, NORM 0.0 ± 3.7%; p = 0.55, ES = 0.08), blood volume and hemoglobin mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity (permeabilized fibers: HYPER 27.3 ± 46.0%, NORM 16.5 ± 49.1%; p = 0.37, ES = 3.24 and in isolated mitochondria: HYPER 26.1 ± 80.1%, NORM 15.9 ± 73.3%; p = 0.66, ES = 0.51), or markers of mitochondrial content which were similar between groups post intervention. Conclusions: This study showed that 6 weeks hyperoxic-supplemented HIIT led to marginal gain in cycle performance in already trained cyclists without change in VO2max, blood volume, hemoglobin mass, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity, or exercise efficiency. The underlying mechanisms for the potentially meaningful performance effects of hyperoxia training remain unexplained and may raise ethical questions for elite sport.
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- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Att bli jurist : råd för att lyckas och trivas på juristutbildningen
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vänbok till Ulf Israelsson. - Umeå : Juridiska institutionen, Umeå universitet. - 9789178553174 ; , s. 25-41
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ulf Israelsson, mångårig studierektor, medarbetare och juridiska institutionens primus motor, vet vad som krävs för att bli en bra jurist. Ulf har, bland mycket annat, bidragit till juristutbildningens kvalitetsarbete genom att utföra enkäter med studenter som tagit examen. I enkäten som genomfördes 2018 kommenterade en tidigare student att "[d]et var 4,5 fantastiska år där jag lärde mig otroligt mycket". Det är naturligtvis tillfredställande för alla oss som undervisar på juristprogrammet när en student är nöjd med sin utbildning, men det viktiga är den senare delen av citatet. Att bli jurist kräver mycket arbete. Nio terminers hårt arbete kommer också att förändra de som börjar programmet. Vissa går så långt som att hävda att många juriststudenter upplever en intellektuell pånyttfödelse under första året på utbildningen. Det är inte möjligt att i detta sammanhang beskriva alla de utmaningar som studenter på juristprogrammet kommer att möta, men vi har identifierat tre centrala aspekter som alla juriststudenter måste förhålla sig till. Studenterna måste för det första lära sig att prata som en jurist, för det andra att arbeta som en jurist och för det tredje att hantera andra juriststudenter. Det kommer inte att vara enkelt, men vi lovar att det är värt det.
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- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Bosman : a legacy beyond sports
- 2016
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Ingår i: The legacy of Bosman. - Hague : T.M.C. Asser Press. - 9789462651197 - 9789462651203 ; , s. 31-49
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 1995 Bosman case from the CJEU is one of the most famous judgments ever delivered by the Luxembourg court. It is well-known in sporting contexts, but this article takes the discussion beyond that area, demonstrating Bosman's importance in other areas of law by using network analysis. This illustrates that Bosman is an exceptional case, both in its own right and as a source of further cases, citing Bosman directly or indirectly. We also demonstrate that Bosman is primarily cited for four reasons: the jurisdiction of the CJEU in matters of preliminary rulings, the use of the fundamental freedoms against private entities, non-discriminatory obstacles on the internal market and the temporal effects of CJEU judgments. However, when analyzed further it becomes clear that the Bosman case contains few truly original contributions to EU law and largely builds on existing case law to draw important conclusions. Thus, the Court must have other reasons for citing Bosman. Given the characteristics of the case many such reasons are plausible. Bosman is well-written, well-reasoned, well-known and well-connected, making it an excellent source to use in future cases.
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- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of Precedent : The Case Law of the European Court of Justice in Three Dimensions
- 2015
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Ingår i: German Law Journal. - 2071-8322. ; 16:5, s. 1073-1098
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) is one of the most important sources of European Union law. However, case law’s role in EU law is not uniform. By empirically studying how the Court uses its own case law as a source of law, we explore the correlation between, on the one hand, the characteristics of a CJEU case— type of action, actors involved, and area of law—and, on the other hand, the judgment’s “embeddedness” in previous case law and value as a precedent in subsequent cases. Using this approach, we test, confirm, and debunk existing scholarship concerning the role of CJEU case law as a source of EU law. We offer the following conclusions: that CJEU case law cannot be treated as a single entity; that only a limited number of factors reliably affect a judgment’s persuasive or precedential power; that the Court’s use of its own case law as a source of law is particularly limited in successful infringement proceedings; that case law is particularly important in preliminary references—especially those concerning fundamental freedoms and competition law; and that initiating Member State and the number of observations affects the behavior of the Court.
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- Derlén, Mattias, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Coherence out of chaos : mapping European union law by running randomly through the maze of CJEU case law
- 2013
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Ingår i: Europarättslig tidskrift. - Stockholm : Institutet för europarätt. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; :3, s. 517-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent research has demonstrated the ability of network analysis to better understand law. In this study we apply network analysis to the case law of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) in order understand its role as a source of law. In doing so, we apply network analysis tools not previously used in legal scholarship, most significantly (i) a modified version of the PageRank algorithm, (ii) the Map Equation, and (iii) resampling to infer “missing” links. In the article we demonstrate that this method can help us to understand not only the CJEU’s case law but law generally.
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