| 1. |
- Andersson, Susann, 1965, et al.
(författare)
-
Vision in children with hydrocephalus.
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Developmental medicine and child neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 48:10, s. 836-41
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hydrocephalus in children has many aetiologies, and can cause multiple ophthalmic and visual disorders. This study sets out to detect and quantify visual and visuoperceptual dysfunction in children who have received surgical treatment for hydrocephalus with and without myelomeningocele, and to relate the results to the associated diagnoses and results from a comparison group. Seventy-five school-aged children (41 males, 34 females) with surgically-treated hydrocephalus and 140 comparison children (76 males, 64 females) matched for age and sex underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Median age at examination was 9 years and 4 months (range 7 y 4 mo-12 y 10 mo). Visual function deficits were identified in 83% (62/75) of the children with hydrocephalus. Visual impairment (binocular visual acuity <0.3) was found in 15% (11/73; comparison group 0%) but in none with myelomeningocele. Strabismus was found in 69% (51/74; comparison group 4% [5/140], p < 0.001), and refractive errors were found in 67% (47/70; comparison group 20% [28/140], p < 0.001). Cognitive visual dysfunction was identified in 59% (38/64; comparison group 3% [4/140], p < 0.001). These disorders were identified in various combinations and comprised impaired ability to plan movement through depth (e.g. going down a stair), impaired simultaneous perception, impaired perception of movement, impaired orientation, and (least frequently) impaired recognition. In this study, children with hydrocephalus associated with myelomeningocele were least commonly affected. Visual disorders were most frequent in those with epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and/or cognitive disability.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Behavioural problems and autism in children with hydrocephalus : a population-based study
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1018-8827 .- 1435-165X. ; 15:4, s. 214-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of behavioural problems and autism in a population-based group of children with hydrocephalus and to see whether learning disabilities, cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, myelomeningocele (MMC) or preterm birth increase the risk of these problems. METHOD: In the 107 children with hydrocephalus born in western Sweden in 1989-1993, behaviour was assessed using the Conners' parent rating scales in 66 and the teacher's rating scales in 57. Autism was investigated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. RESULTS: Parents rated 67% of the children and teachers 39% of the children as having behavioural problems (>1.5 SD, or T score >65). Learning disabilities increased the risk significantly and almost all the children with CP and/or epilepsy had behavioural problems. Autism was present in nine children (13%), in 20% of those without MMC and in one of 26 with MMC. Autism was significantly more frequent in children with learning disabilities (27% vs. 7%) and in children with CP and/or epilepsy (33% vs. 6%). CONCLUSION: The majority of children with hydrocephalus have behavioural problems and many have autism. It is therefore important to assess and understand all the aspects of cognition and behaviour in these children in order to minimise disability and enhance participation for the child.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Cognitive functions in children with myelomeningocele without hydrocephalus.
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0350. ; 25:8, s. 969-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the separate effects of myelomeningocele (MMC) and hydrocephalus on intelligence and neuropsychological functions in a population-based series of children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Of the 69 children with MMC born in 1992-1999 in western Sweden, nine did not develop hydrocephalus. Eight of them participated in this study and were compared with age- and gender-matched children with MMC in combination with hydrocephalus and with controls. RESULTS: Children with only MMC had an IQ of 103 compared with 75 in those with hydrocephalus added to the MMC and they had significantly better immediate and long-term memory and executive functions. When compared with controls, they had difficulty with learning and executive functions, but when the two children with an IQ of <70 were excluded, those with only MMC performed just as well as the controls. CONCLUSION: Hydrocephalus rather than MMC in itself appeared to cause the cognitive deficits found in children with MMC.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950
(författare)
-
Hydrocephalus in children. Cognition and behaviour
- 2007
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: The main objective of this thesis was to explore the cognitive and behavioural consequences of hydrocephalus in children born at term and preterm, with or without myelomeningocele (MMC) and with or without concomitant neurological impairments, such as cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy or learning disabilities. Material and methods: From a population-based cohort of all 107 children with hydrocephalus born in 1989-1993, 73 of the surviving children were assessed with intelligence tests and most of them also using behavioural and autism rating scales. Thirty-six of 47 (77%) children with an IQ of ? 70 and eight children with MMC but no hydrocephalus were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery (NIMES) and compared with ageand gender-matched controls. Results: One-third of the children were normally gifted (IQ > 85), another 30% had a low-average IQ of 70-84 and 37% had learning disabilities (IQ < 70). An IQ of < 70 was found in 42% of children without MMC and in 29% of those with MMC. Children born preterm had a lower IQ than those born at term. Children with CP and/or epilepsy had significantly lower IQ scores than those without these impairments. Parents rated 67% and teachers 39% of the children as having behavioural problems. Learning disabilities increased the risk significantly. Almost all the children with CP and/or epilepsy had behavioural problems. Learning disabilities, CP and epilepsy significantly increased the risk of autistic symptoms, which were present in 13 %, in 4 % of those with MMC and in 20 % of those without MMC.. Children with hydrocephalus both with and without MMC and with an IQ of > 70 performed significantly less well than controls on learning, memory and executive functions but not on registration skills. There were no differences between children with hydrocephalus in combination with MMC and those without MMC, whereas children with MMC but no hydrocephalus and normal intelligence performed as well as controls on all the neuropsychological functions. Conclusions: The majority of children with hydrocephalus had learning disabilities or a low-average IQ, as well as behavioural problems, and some had autistic symptoms. Despite average or slightly below average intelligence, children with hydrocephalus had major difficulties with learning and memory and with executive functions, regardless of the aetiology of the hydrocephalus. Only MMC did not appear to influence cognitive and neuropsychological outcome as much as the brain lesion causing or caused by the hydrocephalus.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning disabilities in a population-based group of children with hydrocephalus
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatr. - 0803-5253. ; 94:7, s. 878-83
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: To assess cognitive functions in a population-based group of children with hydrocephalus and to analyse differences between children with and without myelomeningocoele (MMC); with hydrocephalus already present at birth and those who developed it later; children born at full term and those born preterm. METHODS: Of 103 children with hydrocephalus born in the western-Swedish region in 1989-1993, 73 were assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scales or the Griffith Developmental Scales. RESULTS: One-third of the children were normally gifted (IQ >85), another 30% had a low average IQ of 70-84 and 37% had learning disabilities with an IQ of <70. The median IQ was 75, verbal IQ 90 and performance IQ 76 (p<0.001). An IQ of <70 was found in 19 of 45 (42%) children without MMC and in 8 of 28 (29%) of those with MMC. Children born preterm had a lower IQ of 68 than those born at full term with an IQ of 76, while children with hydrocephalus present at birth but without MMC had a lower IQ of 60 than the others with an IQ of 77. Children with cerebral palsy and/or epilepsy (n=22) had a lower IQ of 66 than the IQ of 78 in those without these impairments (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Cognitive functions in children with hydrocephalus need to be carefully assessed before school age to ensure adequate support and education. Even the one-third near normally gifted children with an IQ of 70-85 require special attention, due to the profile of relatively well-preserved verbal functions but greatly impaired perceptual and non-verbal abilities.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Learning, memory and executive functions in children with hydrocephalus.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 97:5, s. 596-601
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: To explore learning, memory and executive abilities in children with hydrocephalus without learning disabilities, and to find out whether children with an isolated hydrocephalus differed from those with hydrocephalus in combination with myelomeningocele (MMC). METHODS: Thirty-six children with an intelligence quotient (IQ) of >or=70 from a population of all the 107 children with hydrocephalus born in western Sweden in 1989-1993 were examined and compared with age- and gender-matched controls. The neuropsychological assessment of the school-aged child (NIMES) test battery was used. RESULTS: The children with hydrocephalus differed significantly from controls in all functions apart from registration skills and recognition. Learning, memory and executive functions were all impaired. Twenty children with infantile hydrocephalus did not differ from those with hydrocephalus associated with MMC. Also, children with an IQ of >84 performed significantly worse than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an IQ of >or=70, children with hydrocephalus had significantly impaired learning, memory and executive functions. When major brain lesions resulting in learning disability had been excluded, the hydrocephalus, rather than the underlying aetiology, was most important for the development of cognitive functions.
|
|
| 9. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Quality of life in adults treated in infancy for hydrocephalus.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0350. ; 30:8, s. 1413-1418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective was to analyze quality of life in a very long-term follow-up study of now adult individuals, treated for hydrocephalus (without spina bifida) during infancy. METHODS: The entire series was population-based, and the subgroup under study consisted of the 29 individuals without intellectual disability, who consented to participate. About one third had concomitant mild cerebral palsy or epilepsy or both. A Finnish validated questionnaire, the 15D, was used to measure quality of life. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the study group and the controls with regard to the total quality of life score. Individuals with associated cerebral palsy and/or epilepsy had a lower total score compared with both those without associated impairments and controls. Most participants differed from controls in the dimension of mental/memory function which pertains to executive functions, an ability of considerable importance for daily life skills. CONCLUSION: It is important to follow children with hydrocephalus over time-due to the different etiological panorama, interventions, and associated impairments this group displays. This is the only way to learn more about critical factors that require attention and that predict quality of life in adulthood.
|
|
| 10. |
- Lindquist, Barbro, 1950, et al.
(författare)
-
Very long-term follow-up of cognitive function in adults treated in infancy for hydrocephalus.
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Child'S Nervous System. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-0350 .- 0256-7040. ; 27:4, s. 597-601
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the very long-term cognitive outcome in adults who had been shunt treated for hydrocephalus during their first year of life. METHODS: In a population-based series of 72 children born in 1967-1978 and shunt treated for infantile hydrocephalus, 43 were found to have a normal cognitive function when assessed at 6-17years of age. Twenty-five of them agreed to participate in a follow-up study of cognition at a mean age of 35years (range, 30-41years). The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) was used. RESULTS: The median full-scale IQ was 101 (range, 83-120), median verbal IQ was 104 (81-115) and performance IQ was 99 (80-127). The corresponding IQs in childhood in the 16 subjects who had been tested previously with the WISC were 101 (84-124), 108 (86-135), and 101 (73-124). Specific cognitive deficits were found for working memory and processing speed. Shunt complications did not affect IQ. CONCLUSION: This very long-term follow-up study of normally gifted children with hydrocephalus revealed that, as adults, they still had preserved cognitive functions despite recurrent shunt dysfunction. The results are encouraging and represent a tribute to neurosurgical intervention. Continued follow-up studies are needed since the etiological panorama and treatment procedures of children with hydrocephalus are changing over time.
|
|
