| 1. |
- de la Cour, Charlotta, et al.
(författare)
-
Ghrelin treatment reverses the reduction in weight gain and body fat in gastrectomised mice.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 54:7, s. 907-13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The gastric hormone ghrelin has been reported to stimulate food intake, increase weight gain, and cause obesity but its precise physiological role remains unclear. We investigated the long term effects of gastrectomy evoked ghrelin deficiency and of daily ghrelin injections on daily food intake, body weight, fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mass in mice. METHODS: Ghrelin was given by subcutaneous injections (12 nmol/mouse once daily) for eight weeks to young female mice subjected to gastrectomy or sham operation one week previously. RESULTS: Gastrectomy reduced plasma concentrations of total ghrelin (octanoylated and des-octanoylated) and active (octanoylated) ghrelin by approximately 80%. Immediately after injection of ghrelin, the plasma concentration was supraphysiological and was still elevated 16 hours later. Daily food intake was not affected by either gastrectomy or ghrelin treatment. The effect of ghrelin on meal initiation was not studied. At the end point of the study, mean body weight was 15% lower in gastrectomised mice than in sham operated mice (p<0.001); daily ghrelin injections for eight weeks partially prevented this weight loss. In sham operated mice, ghrelin had no effect on body weight. The weight of fat was reduced in gastrectomised mice (-30%; p<0.01). This effect was reversed by ghrelin, enhancing the weight of fat in sham operated mice also (+20%; p<0.05). Gastrectomy reduced lean body mass (-10%; p<0.01) and bone mass (-20%; p<0.001) compared with sham operated mice. Ghrelin replacement prevented the gastrectomy induced decrease in lean body mass but did not affect bone. In sham operated mice, ghrelin affected neither of these two parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Ghrelin replacement partially reversed the gastrectomy induced reduction in body weight, lean body mass, and body fat but not in bone mass. In sham operated mice, ghrelin only increased fat mass. Our results suggest that ghrelin is mainly concerned with the control of fat metabolism and that ghrelin replacement therapy may alleviate the weight loss associated with gastrectomy.
|
|
| 2. |
- Egecioglu, Emil, 1977, et al.
(författare)
-
Hypothalamic gene expression following ghrelin therapy to gastrectomized rodents.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Regulatory peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-0115 .- 1873-1686. ; 146:1-3, s. 176-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether ghrelin depletion (by gastrectomy surgery) and/or treatment/replacement with the gastric hormone ghrelin alters the expression of key hypothalamic genes involved in energy balance, in a manner consistent with ghrelin's pro-obesity effects. At 2 weeks after surgery mice were treated with ghrelin (12 nmol/mouse/day, sc) or vehicle for 8 weeks. Gastrectomy had little effect on the expression of these genes, with the exception of NPY mRNA in the arcuate nucleus that was increased. Ghrelin treatment (to gastrectomized and sham mice) increased the mRNA expression of orexigenic peptides NPY and AgRP while decreasing mRNA expression of the anorexigenic peptide POMC. Two weeks gavage treatment with the ghrelin mimetic, MK-0677, to rats increased NPY and POMC mRNA in the arcuate nucleus and MCH mRNA in the lateral hypothalamus. Thus, while predicted pro-obesity ghrelin signalling pathways were activated by ghrelin and ghrelin mimetics, these were largely unaffected by gastrectomy.
|
|
| 3. |
- Häggström, Margaretha, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Att undervisa i hållbar utveckling - Relationellt perspektiv
- 2022
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur kan lärare arbeta med hållbar utveckling i en tid då globala kriser och klimatförändringar väcker både rädsla och oro? Och hur kan elever samtidigt känna hopp inför sin framtid och sitt vuxna liv? Dessa frågor är utgångspunkt för det utvecklings- och forskningsprojekt som utgör basen i denna bok. Du får följa med i berättelser som lärare och elever skapat tillsammans för att utveckla kunskap om social, ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet. Boken redogör för de pedagogiska utgångspunkterna, men ger också rikligt med praktiska exempel på metoder och former för undervisning i och genom demokratiska och relationella förhållningssätt. Du får konkreta tips på hur du kan integrera hållbar utveckling i undervisningen. Såväl kritiska aspekter som lärdomar och möjligheter lyfts fram. I centrum står eleven och läraren utifrån det relationspedagogiska perspektivet. Att undervisa i hållbar utveckling: Relationellt perspektiv vänder sig till lärarstudenter och verksamma lärare i årskurs F-6. Bokens syfte är att inspirera, stödja och utgöra diskussionsunderlag i skolans arbete med miljöperspektivet och hållbar utveckling.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jönsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
-
När mjölken blev skånsk
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Skåne, mat och medier. ; , s. 39-54
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 5. |
- Kottorp, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Access to and use of everyday technology among older people : An occupational justice issue – but for whom?
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Science. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1442-7591 .- 2158-1576. ; 23:3, s. 382-388
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research into older people's use of remote controls, mobile phones, digital home appliances, and computerized communication systems reveals that many have difficulty accessing and using these everyday technologies. By using occupational justice theory as a lens onto this technological development, we argue in this commentary that critical analysis of the findings from an occupational perspective reveals systematic injustices that disadvantage certain sectors of the older population. In particular we propose that, contrary to what might be expected, diagnosis or disability is not the sole marker for a vulnerable population at high risk of occupational injustices. Rather, the empirical findings support that other aspects (e.g., economic, educational) may also be influencing both everyday technology access and use among the older population. In light of these concerns, we argue that (a) occupation-centred outcome measures are needed to target everyday technology populations at risk of occupational injustices, and (b) future studies evaluating the access and use of everyday technology among older people must also monitor and target socio-demographic diversities.
|
|
| 6. |
- Lindqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Ghrelin affects gastrectomy-induced decrease in UCP1 and beta(3)-AR mRNA expression in mice.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1686 .- 0167-0115. ; 142:1-2, s. 24-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- this study we investigated the effects of gastrectomy (Gx) and of the gastric hormone, ghrelin, on the expression of proteins in brown adipose tissue (BAT) that are thought to be involved in thermogenesis. Heat production in BAT is known to depend upon activation and increased expression of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3-AR) and the consequent up-regulation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Mice were subjected to Gx or sham operation. One week later they started to receive daily subcutaneous injections of either saline or ghrelin (12 nmol) for two or eight weeks. Neither Gx nor ghrelin affected daily food intake. Gx did not lower body weight gain (except during the first post-operative week) but Gx mice responded to eight weeks of ghrelin treatment with a greater body weight increase (37%, p < 0.05) than saline-injected Gx mice; sham-operated mice did not respond to ghrelin. Gx resulted in a greatly reduced expression of both UCP1 and β3-AR mRNA in BAT (50% reduction or more, p < 0.01) compared to sham-operated mice. Eight weeks of ghrelin treatment raised the UCP1 as well as the β3-AR mRNA expression in the Gx mice, whereas two weeks of ghrelin treatment decreased UCP1 and β3-AR mRNA expression compared to Gx mice receiving saline. In fact, mRNA expression in Gx mice after treatment with ghrelin for eight weeks was similar to that in saline-treated sham-operated mice. Ghrelin did not affect UCP1 and β3-AR mRNA in sham-operated mice neither two nor eight weeks after the operation. The results suggest 1) that signals from the stomach stimulate BAT UCP1 (and possibly thermogenesis) and 2) that ghrelin may contribute to the control of UCP1 expression.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lindqvist, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Overeating of palatable food is associated with blunted leptin and ghrelin responses.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1686 .- 0167-0115. ; 130:Jun 16, s. 123-132
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Palatable food is rich in fat and/or sucrose. In this study we examined the long-term effects of such diets on food intake, body weight, adiposity and circulating levels of the satiety peptide leptin and the hunger peptide ghrelin. The experiments involved rats and mice and lasted 5 weeks. In rats, we examined the effect of diets rich in fat and/or sucrose and in mice the effect of a high fat diet with or without sucrose in the drinking water. Animals fed with the palatable diets had a larger intake of calories, gained more weight and became more adipose than animals fed standard rat chow. Fasted animals are known to have low serum leptin and high serum ghrelin and to display elevated serum leptin and lowered serum ghrelin postprandially. With time, a sucrose-rich diet was found to raise the fasting level of leptin and to lower the fasting level of ghrelin in rats. A fat-rich diet suppressed serum ghrelin without affecting serum leptin; high sucrose and high fat in combination greatly reduced serum ghrelin and raised serum leptin in the fasted state. The mRNA expression of leptin in the rat stomach was up-regulated by sucrose-rich (but not by fat-rich) diets, whereas the expression of ghrelin seemed not to be affected by the palatable diets. Mice responded to sucrose in the drinking water with elevated serum leptin (fasted state) and to all palatable diets with low serum ghrelin. The expression of both leptin and ghrelin mRNA in the stomach was suppressed in fasted mice that had received a high fat diet for 5 weeks. We conclude that the expression of leptin mRNA in stomach and the concentration of leptin in serum were elevated in response to sucrose-rich rather than fat-rich diets, linking leptin with sucrose metabolism. In contrast, the expression of ghrelin and the serum ghrelin concentration were suppressed by all palatable diets, sucrose and fat alike. In view of the increased body weight and adiposity neither elevated leptin nor suppressed ghrelin were able to control/restrain the overeating that is associated with palatable diets.
|
|
| 8. |
- Lindqvist, Siri, et al.
(författare)
-
Girlfags and Guydykes : “Too Queer for Straights and too Straight for Queers"
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Positive Sexuality. - : Center For Positive Sexuality. ; 6:2, s. 45-65
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the article is to highlight the experiences of those who call themselves “girlfags” and “guydykes” and to interpret the identity labels associated with these terms. Online, the communities that refer to themselves by these terms all define the labels and what they signify in terms of identity differently. These include descriptions of people who consider themselves gay but “in the wrong body”, for example, when a woman is sexually oriented toward gay men or when a man is sexually oriented toward lesbian women, most often with a gender or queer element to the definitions. Little to no previous research can be found on these identities, and what is known is mainly found on internet blogs and forums. The participants were sought through a Facebook forum, resulting in a total of 11 interviews with two guydykes and nine girlfags. The results were analyzed within the framework of social constructionism and applied with Butler’s (1990) concept of the heterosexual matrix and van Anders’ (2015) Sexual Configurations Theory (SCT), involving concepts of gender/sex sexuality, nurturance, and eroticism. The results show that those who identify as girlfags and guydykes are proud of their identity, but the complexity of the identity nevertheless affects many aspects of their lives. The respondents reveal how the labels involve one’s sense of self and gender identity. In addition, they touch upon transgender issues, sexual identity, sexual orientation, and other relational aspects. These identities break gender norms, sexual practices, and even sexual orientations within the LGBT context. The results indicate the need for further research on transgender issues; in particular, the relational and social aspects of the girlfag and guydyke identities.
|
|
| 9. |
- Zhao, CM, et al.
(författare)
-
Histamine and histidine decarboxylase are hallmark features of ECL cells but not G cells in rat stomach
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Regulatory Peptides. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-1686 .- 0167-0115. ; 118:1-2, s. 61-66
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxyntic mucosa of the rat stomach is rich in ECL cells which produce and secrete histamine in response to gastrin. Histamine and the histamine-forming enzyme histidine decarboxylase (HDC) have been claimed to occur also in the gastrin-secreting G cells in the antrum. In the present study, we used a panel of five HDC antisera and one histamine antiserum to investigate whether histamine and HDC are exclusive to the ECL cells. By immunocytochemistry, we could show that the ECL cells were stained with the histamine antiserum and all five HDC antisera. The G cells, however, were not stained with the histamine antiserum, but with three of the five HDC antisera. Thus, histamine and HDC coexist in the ECL cells (oxymic mucosa) but not in G cells (antral mucosa). Western blot analysis revealed a typical pattern of HDC-immunoreactive bands (74, 63 and 54 kDa) in oxymic mucosa extracts with all five antisera. In antral extracts, immunoreactive bands were detected with three of the five HDC antisera (same as above); the pattern of immunoreactivity differed from that in oxymic mucosa. Food intake or treatment with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole raised the HDC activity and the HDC protein content of the oxyntic mucosa but not of the antral mucosa; the HDC activity in the antrum was barely detectable. We suggest that the HDC-like immunoreactivity in the antrum represents a cross-reaction with non-HDC proteins and conclude that histamine and HDC are hallmark features of ECL cells but not of G cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
