| 1. |
- Kronqvist, Nina, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient protein production inspired by how spiders make silk
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Membrane proteins are targets of most available pharmaceuticals, but they are difficult to produce recombinantly, like many other aggregation-prone proteins. Spiders can produce silk proteins at huge concentrations by sequestering their aggregation-prone regions in micellar structures, where the very soluble N-terminal domain (NT) forms the shell. We hypothesize that fusion to NT could similarly solubilize non-spidroin proteins, and design a charge-reversed mutant (NT star) that is pH insensitive, stabilized and hypersoluble compared to wildtype NT. NT star-transmembrane protein fusions yield up to eight times more of soluble protein in Escherichia coli than fusions with several conventional tags. NT star enables transmembrane peptide purification to homogeneity without chromatography and manufacture of low-cost synthetic lung surfactant that works in an animal model of respiratory disease. NT star also allows efficient expression and purification of non-transmembrane proteins, which are otherwise refractory to recombinant production, and offers a new tool for reluctant proteins in general.
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| 2. |
- Moraes Holst, Luiza, et al.
(författare)
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Downregulated Mucosal Autophagy, Alpha Kinase-1 and IL-17 Signaling Pathways in Active and Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. - : DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD. - 1178-7023. ; 15, s. 129-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Improved mucosal immune profiling in active and quiescent colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is needed to develop therapeutic options for treating and preventing flares. This study therefore aimed to provide a comprehensive mucosal characterization with emphasis on immunological host response of patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC active), UC during remission (UC remission) and active colonic Crohn's disease (CD active).Methods: Colonic biopsies from 47 study subjects were collected for gene expression and pathway analyses using the NanoString host-response panel, including 776 genes and 56 immune-related pathways.Results: The majority of mucosal gene expression and signaling pathway scores were increased in active IBD (n=27) compared to healthy subjects (n=10). However, both active IBD and UC remission (n=10) demonstrated decreased gene expression and signaling pathway scores related to autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways compared to healthy subjects. Further, UC remission was characterized by decreased scores of several signaling pathways linked to homeostasis along with increased mononuclear cell migration pathway score as compared to healthy subjects. No major differences in the colonic mucosal gene expression between CD active (n=7) and UC (n=20) active were observed.Conclusion: This study indicates that autophagy, alpha kinase-1 and IL-17 signaling pathways are persistently downregulated in UC irrespective of disease activity. Further, UC patients in remission present a unique mucosal environment, potentially preventing patients from reaching and sustaining true homeostasis. These findings may enable better comprehension of the remitting and relapsing pattern of colonic IBD and guide future treatment and prevention of flares.
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| 3. |
- Olofsson, Hans, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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ALMA view of the circumstellar environment of the post-common-envelope-evolution binary system HD 101584
- 2015
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We study the circumstellar evolution of the binary HD 101584, consisting of a post-AGB star and a low-mass companion, which is most likely a post-common-envelope-evolution system. Methods. We used ALMA observations of the (CO)-C-12, (CO)-C-13, and (CO)-O-18 J = 2-1 lines and the 1.3 mm continuum to determine the morphology, kinematics, masses, and energetics of the circumstellar environment. Results. The circumstellar medium has a bipolar hour-glass structure, seen almost pole-on, formed by an energetic jet, approximate to 150 km s(-1). We conjecture that the circumstellar morphology is related to an event that took place approximate to 500 yr ago, possibly a capture event where the companion spiraled in towards the AGB star. However, the kinetic energy of the accelerated gas exceeds the released orbital energy, and, taking into account the expected energy transfer efficiency of the process, the observed phenomenon does not match current common-envelope scenarios. This suggests that another process must augment, or even dominate, the ejection process. A significant amount of material resides in an unresolved region, presumably in the equatorial plane of the binary system.
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| 4. |
- Alsanius, Beatrix, et al.
(författare)
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Terroir Bjäre : en fallstudie
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vin är en relativ ny gröda i Sverige, i och med att den är beroende av en lång växtsäsong. Bjärehalvön (Båstads kommun) är känd för sin tidiga växtsäsong (t.ex. för odling av färskpotatis) och det bidrog till att idén att provodla vitvin där. Bröddarp som ligger 3 km ifrån halvöns västra kust föddes. Fyra lokaler (försöksytor, parceller) valdes och tre typer av markskötsel (öppen jord, marktäckning med folie, marktäckning med sten) testades under etableringsfasen i syfte att förbättra platsens förutsättningar. Det långsiktiga ursprungliga målet med försöksupplägget var att studera påverkan av olika markbehandlingar på druvmognaden och –kvaliteten. Fyra vitvinssorter (Ortega, Pinot gris, Siegerrebe och Solaris) provodlades. I föreliggande rapport redovisas olika definitioner för terroir. Platsens klimatiska förutsättningar (solens instrålningsvinkel, globalstrålning, lufttemperatur, graddagar, heliotermiskt och niktotermiskt index, nederbörd, marktemperatur) analyserades. Med undantag av marktemperaturen baserades de flesta klimatiska parametrar på en tioårsperiod, från 2004-2013. Utöver detta studerades dynamiken i halten organisk substans och kvävemineralisering. Vinplantornas tillväxt och utveckling samt förmåga att motstå kyla under vintern registrerades. Däremot går föreliggande observationsförsök inte in på frågor relaterade till markens vattenförhållande – detta på grund av forskningsfinansiella överväganden. En grov skattning avminimikraven för odling av vin är enligt Müller et al. (20) • Årsmedeltemperatur ≥ 9 °C • Vegetationstidens längd (period mellan sista vårfrost till första höstfrost) > 180 dagar • Medeltemperatur under vegetationsperioden (april-oktober) ≥ 13 °C • Medeltemperatur under årets varmaste månad ≥ 18 °C • Graddagar under vegetationsperioden > 1000 • Minst 1300 soltimmar med minst 200000 J cm-2 • lägsta vintertemperatur <-20 °C. Dessa hörnsten i skattningen tar inte hänsyn till samtliga biotiska och abiotiska faktorer och samspelen dem emellan. Detta är mycket viktigt att hålla i åtanke. Vår analys visar att årsmedeltemperaturen ≥ 9 °C enbart uppnåddes enbart under tre av tio år under perioden 2004-2013. Zenitvinkeln var som högst 57°. Vegetationsperiodens längd översteg nästan alltid 180 dagar med god marginal och medeltemperaturen under perioden april-oktober var 13.35 °C. Däremot uppnåddes enbart under sex av tio år en medeltemperatur ≥ 18 °C under årets varmaste månad (juli respektive augusti). Endast år 2006 klättrade antalet graddagar > 1000. Däremot låg den heliotermiska indexen vid gränsen av odlingslämplighet för vin (HI: 1502 ± 156), och den niktotermiska indexen, d.v.s. genomsnitt av lägsta nattemperatur under september månad (CI) på 11.6 ± 1.02 °C. Antal solskenstimmar under månaderna april till oktober låg i genomsnitt >1300, men vi har inget underlag vad gäller strålningsintensiteten. Därför kan detta krav inte avgöras. Relationen mellan solskenstimmar och graddagar är en viktig avkastningsbildande parameter; och antalet solskenstimmar var alltid större än antalet graddagar. Lägsta vintertemperatur under -20 °C registrerades vid inget tillfälle. Under observationsperioden var det nästan aldrig vindstilla; den dominanta vindhastigheten låg på 5-10 m s-1. Vinden blåste främst ur sydlig, sydvästlig och västlig riktning. Marktäckning påverkade inte marktemperaturen. På så sätt fastställdes inte heller några skillnader vad gäller dynamiken i organisk substans eller halten mineraliserat kväve (ammonium, nitrat), då prover togs i två markdjup (0-30 cm; 30-60 cm). Siegerrebe och Solaris visade den starkaste respektive svagaste tillväxten under första etableringsåret. Solaris acklimatiserade sig däremot bäst till kalla betingelser och visade starkaste härdighet. För Solaris noterades också den största stamdiametern efter andra odlingsåret, medan stamdiametern hos Siegerrebe var klenast. Att döma utifrån stamdiametern var vinsorternas tillväxt bäst på på yta 3.
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| 5. |
- Andriantsaralaza, Miora, et al.
(författare)
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DEATHSTAR: Nearby AGB stars with the Atacama Compact Array: II. CO envelope sizes and asymmetries: The S-type stars
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 653
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims. We aim to constrain the sizes of, and investigate deviations from spherical symmetry in, the CO circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of 16 S-type stars, along with an additional 7 and 4 CSEs of C-type and M-type AGB stars, respectively. Methods. We map the emission from the CO J = 2-1 and 3-2 lines observed with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) and its total power (TP) antennas, and fit with a Gaussian distribution in the uv- and image planes for ACA-only and TP observations, respectively. The major axis of the fitted Gaussian for the CO(2-1) line data gives a first estimate of the size of the CO-line-emitting CSE. We investigate possible signs of deviation from spherical symmetry by analysing the line profiles and the minor-to-major axis ratio obtained from visibility fitting, and by investigating the deconvolved images. Results. The sizes of the CO-line-emitting CSEs of low-mass-loss-rate (low-MLR) S-type stars fall between the sizes of the CSEs of C-stars, which are larger, and those of M-stars, which are smaller, as expected because of the differences in their respective CO abundances and the dependence of the photodissociation rate on this quantity. The sizes of the low-MLR S-type stars show no dependence on circumstellar density, as measured by the ratio of the MLR to terminal outflow velocity, irrespective of variability type. The density dependence steepens for S-stars with higher MLRs. While the CO(2-1) brightness distribution size of the low-density S-stars is in general smaller than the predicted photodissociation radius (assuming the standard interstellar radiation field), the measured size of a few of the high-density sources is of the same order as the expected photodissociation radius. Furthermore, our results show that the CO CSEs of most of the S-stars in our sample are consistent with a spherically symmetric and smooth outflow. For some of the sources, clear and prominent asymmetric features are observed which are indicative of intrinsic circumstellar anisotropy. Conclusions. As the majority of the S-type CSEs of the stars in our sample are consistent with a spherical geometry, the CO envelope sizes obtained in this paper will be used to constrain detailed radiative transfer modelling to directly determine more accurate MLR estimates for the stars in our sample. For several of our sources that present signs of deviation from spherical symmetry, further high-resolution observations would be necessary to investigate the nature of, and the physical processes behind, these asymmetrical structures. This will provide further insight into the mass-loss process and its related chemistry in S-type AGB stars.
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| 6. |
- Angele, Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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Flow Mixing Inside a Control-Rod Guide Tube : Part 2—Experimental Tests and CFD-Simulations
- 2010
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. - 9780791849323 ; , s. 655-663
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alarge number of control rod cracks were detected during therefuelling outage of the twin reactors Oskarshamn 3 and Forsmark3 in the fall of 2008. The extensive damage investigationfinally lead to the restart of both reactors at theend of 2008 under the condition that further studies wouldbe conducted in order to clarify all remaining matters. Also,all control rods were inserted 14% in order to locatethe welding region of the control rod stem away fromthe thermal mixing region of the flow. Unfortunately, this measureled to new cracks a few months later due toa combination of surface finish of the new stems andthe changed flow conditions after the partial insertion of thecontrol rods. The experimental evidence reported here shows an increasein the extension of the mixing region and in theintensity of the thermal fluctuations. As a part of thecomplementary work associated with the restart of the reactors, andto verify the CFD simulations, experimental work of the flowin the annular region formed by the guide tube andcontrol rod stem was carried out. Two full-scale setups weredeveloped, one in a Plexiglass model at atmospheric conditions (inorder to be able to visualize the mixing process) andone in a steel model to allow for a highertemperature difference and heating of the control rod guide tube.The experimental results corroborate the general information obtained through CFDsimulations, namely that the mixing region between the cold crud-removalflow and warm by-pass flow is perturbed by flow structurescoming from above. The process is characterized by low frequent,high amplitude temperature fluctuations. The process is basically hydrodynamic, causedby the downward transport of flow structures originated at theupper bypass inlets. The damping thermal effects through buoyancy isof secondary importance, as also the scaling analysis shows, howevera slight damping of the temperature fluctuations can be seendue to natural convection due to a pre-heating of thecold crud-removal flow. The comparison between numerical and experimental resultsshows a rather good agreement, indicating that experiments with plantconditions are not necessary since, through the existing scaling lawsand CFD-calculations, the obtained results may be extrapolated to plantconditions. The problem of conjugate heat transfer has not yetbeen addressed experimentally since complex and difficult measurements of theheat transfer have to be carried out. This type ofmeasurements constitutes one of the main challenges to be dealtwith in the future work.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Berg, Hans ten, et al.
(författare)
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DN Debatt: Sluta skjutsa barnen till skolan - hälsa går före rädsla
- 2023
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. (DN). - Stockholm : Bonnier. - 1101-2447. ; :2023-02-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Våra barn blir alltmer stillasittande, vilket får livslånga konsekvenser. En av de enklaste lösningarna står föräldrar i vägen för – på grund av rädsla. Föräldrarnas välvilja är i själva verket ett tydligt hot mot barnens hälsa, både i trafiken och genom livet. Sverige behöver en ny nationell rekommendation för aktiva skolresor, skriver åtta forskare och organisationer.
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| 9. |
- Castro-Carrizo, A., et al.
(författare)
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Mapping the 12CO J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 emission in AGB and early post-AGB circumstellar envelopes. I. The COSAS program, first sample
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 523:4, s. A59-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present COSAS (CO Survey of late AGB Stars), a project to map and analyze the 12CO J = 1−0 and J = 2−1 line emission in a representative sample of circumstellar envelopes around AGB and post-AGB stars. The survey was undertaken with the aim of investigating small- and large-scale morphological and kinematical properties of the molecular environment surrounding stars in the late AGB and early post-AGB phases. For this, COSAS combines the high sensitivity and spatial resolving power of the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer with the better capability of the IRAM 30 m telescope to map extended emission. The global sample encompasses 45 stars selected to span a range in chemical type, variability type, evolutionary state, and initial mass. COSAS provides means to quantify variations in the mass-loss rates, assess morphological and kinematical features, and to investigate the appearance of fast aspherical winds in the early post-AGB phase. This paper, which is the first of a series of COSAS papers, presents the results from the analyses of a first sample of 16 selected sources. The envelopes around late AGB stars are found to be mostly spherical, often mingled with features such as concentric arcs (R Cas and TX Cam), a broken spiral density pattern (TX Cam), molecular patches testifying to aspherical mass-loss (WX Psc, IK Tau, V Cyg, and S Cep), and also with well-defined axisymmetric morphologies and kinematical patterns (X Her and RX Boo). The sources span a wide range of angular sizes, from relatively compact (CRL 2362, OH 104.9+2.4 and CRL 2477) to very large (χ Cyg and TX Cam) envelopes, sometimes partially obscured by self-absorption features, which particularly for IK Tau and χ Cyg testifies to the emergence of aspherical winds in the innermost circumstellar regions. Strong axial structures with more or less complex morphologies are detected in four early post-AGB stars (IRAS 20028+3910, IRAS 23321+6545, IRAS 19475+3119 and IRAS 21282+5050) of the sub-sample.
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| 10. |
- Chaplin, John, et al.
(författare)
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Varför ska du använda PROMIS? : Nytt system för patientrapporterad utfallsmått
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- PROMIS är ett itembanksystem för hälso- och sjukvården. Syftet är att erbjuda moderna, patientrapporterade mått som kan användas för flertalet patientgrupper till en mycket låg kostnad och med ett nationellt supportsystem.En itembankär en modern form av elektronisk enkät som kan innehålla ett stort antal enkätfrågor. Ett datorprogram väljer ut de mest lämpade frågorna till varje person utifrån dennes svar på föregående frågor, på så sätt enkäten individanpassas.
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