| 1. |
- Johansson, Kenth S., et al.
(författare)
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Surface modification of wheat gluten films for improved water resistance
- 2010
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Ingår i: Abstracts of Papers of the American Chemical Society. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0065-7727. ; 240
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Renewable packaging materials are of interest for a more sustainable environment, and wheat gluten (WG) is one of the most interesting candidates to replace petroleum-based oxygen-barrier polymers for packaging applications. This is due to its attractive combination of flexibility and strength, high gas (especially O2) barrier properties under low humidity conditions and renewability. The main drawback of WG, as with most biopolymers, is its water and moisture sensitivity. The aim of this study was therefore to improve the hydrophobicity of WG films by means of surface modification while maintaining the excellent O2 barrier properties. The surface modification work included a combination of electrospinning of WG fibers and different plasma surface modifications. The latter involved He plasma treatment for crosslinking the WG film prior to the deposition of electrospun WG fibers, O2/Ar plasma etching of the WG films with and without electrospun WG fibers for increasing the surface roughness, and plasma polymerization of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) and other hydrophobic precursors for hydrophobicity. The plasma polymerization trials were performed both at reduced and atmospheric pressure conditions. The aim of the combined work was to maximize the hydrophobicity by combining a suitable nano-microstructure of the WG fibers with the hydrophobicity of the plasma-deposited coatings. The surface modification work was mainly evaluated by means of water contact angle measurements (hydrophobicity), Scanning Electron Microscopy (surface structures), Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) (moisture barrier) and Oxygen Transmission Rate (OTR) measurements (oxygen barrier). The surface modification work resulted in significantly improved hydrophobic properties of the WG films. The initial water contact angle increased from 65 to 110-130 degrees, depending on the combinations of electrospinning and plasma modification conditions. The plasma coatings prepared at ambient conditions resulted in slightly lower contact angles compared the plasma coating prepared at reduced pressure. The WVTR and OTR measurements are still in progress and will be reported at the meeting.
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| 2. |
- Brandén, Gunnar
(författare)
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Understanding Intergenerational Mobility : Inequality, Student Aid and Nature-Nurture Interactions
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay I: A body of evidence has emerged in the literature on intergenerational mobility documenting that unequal countries experience less social mobility: a relationship known as the Great Gatsby Curve. In this paper I estimate the Great Gatsby Curve within Sweden across 125 commuting zones and 20 cohorts, exploiting both cross-sectional and longitudinal variation. I find that children who were exposed to higher levels of inequality during childhood experienced less social mobility as adults, thereby confirming the existence of a Great Gatsby Curve in Sweden. I also present new evidence on the underlying mechanisms of the Great Gatsby Curve. By decomposing intergenerational mobility into separate transmission channels, I find that the Great Gatsby Curve is exclusively driven by the mediating effect that children's educational attainment and development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills has on the persistence of income across generations. Hence, the results suggest that adverse effects of inequality on mobility can be alleviated by policies that target children's educational attainment and development of cognitive and non-cognitive skills.
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| 3. |
- Börjesson, Mikael, Professor, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
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Den högre utbildningens organisation och finansiering i stöpsleven : Ställningstaganden till Strutens huvudbetänkande
- 2022
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Ingår i: Statsvetenskaplig Tidskrift. - Lund : Falbeckska stiftelsen. - 0039-0747. ; 124:1, s. 211-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The organization and the financing of higher education under negotiation. Position-takings on the main report of the Swedish Commission of Inquiry on Governance and ResourceIn recent decades, Swedish higher education and research have undergone significant changes and seen a rapid growth. In parallel, more attention has been given to higher education institutions as strategic actors and the function of the higher education insti-tutions is currently under renegotiation with an increased number of actors demand-ing a say in its development. The Commission of Inquiry on Governance and Resources was set up to address a broad range of issues in higher education and research. Its work resulted in the report A Long-term, Coordinated and Dialogue-based Governance of Higher Education (SOU 2019:6). The article presents an analysis of referral responses to the report by constructing two related spaces: a space of position-takings and a space of referral organisations. Our conclusion is that the referral organisations’ position-takings are clearly related to their overall positions in the higher education sector as well as their more specific positions in the field of research and the field of higher education. This is also clearly visible in the argumentation of specific actors for certain standpoints.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Carlsson Blomster, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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First Semester Nursing Student Perceptions of Their Knowledge of and Difficulties in Performing Supportive Caring Actions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Quality Advancement in Nursing Education - Avancées en formation infirmière. - : Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing. - 2368-6669. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Students in nursing education do not need to have any experience of having worked in healthcare prior to entering the programme. A total of 123 students rated their perceived knowledge and degree of difficulty in performing supportive caring actions during the first semester of their nursing education. The study, which has a descriptive approach, has been carried out using the Verbal and Social Interaction for Nursing Students (VSI-NS) questionnaire that contains four factors: Inviting to talk about feeling and thoughts, Building a caring relationship, Encouraging social and practical aspects in daily life and Caring towards health and well-being. The results of the study showed that the nursing students rated a high level of knowledge about supportive caring actions, but that these could be difficult to perform. The only significant difference was between male and female nursing students, where the male nursing students considered that it was more difficult to create a caring relationship than their female counterparts.
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| 8. |
- Darmastuti, Zhafira, et al.
(författare)
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SiC based field effect transistor for H2S detection
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proc. IEEE Sensors 2011, Limerick, Ireland, October 28-31. - : IEEE. - 9781424492909 ; , s. 770-773
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental characterization and quantum chemical calculations were performed to evaluate the performance of a SiC based Field Effect Transistors with Pt and Ir gates as H2S sensors. The sensors were tested against various concentrations of H2S gas at the operating temperature between 150 and 350 °C. It was observed that Ir was very sensitive and selective to H2S at 350 °C. This phenomenon was studied further by comparing the reaction energy when H2S is exposed to Pt and Ir with density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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| 9. |
- Darmastuti, Zhafira
(författare)
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SiCFET gassensors : theory, developent, and applications to flue gas cleaning processes in power plants
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental and health concerns lead to stricter regulations on power plant emission. Sensors play an important role, not only as part of the process control to ensure that the effluent stays under the regulated values, but also to increase the pollution removal efficiency and to decrease the reagent consumption.Previous studies, on the use of SiC based Field Effect Transistors (FET) as NH3 sensors in Tekniska Verken power plants and as CO sensors for the control of the domestic boilers, have shown promising results. Moreover, these sensors can withstand high temperature operation and are considerably cheaper than most conventional sensors used in power plants. The price of the sensors enable the installation of multiple sensors in one flue gas duct section, which lead to better monitoring of the flue gas uniformity. Based on that argument, this study is performed to determine whether it is possible to expand the possible application of SiC-FET sensors for the detection of other pollutants emitted by power plants. This thesis reports the characterization and performance testing of SiC-FET sensors towards other selected air pollutants: H2S, methanol as a product of CO2 hydrogenation, and SO2.The study is performed by I-V characterization of the sensors toward the test gas in different background gases and studies of the detection mechanism. Detection mechanism studies include DRIFT spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and theoretical study of the surface reaction with Density Functional Theory (DFT).Ir-gate SiC-FET sensors at 350oC show a very high sensitivity to H2S. The large response reduces the possibility of cross-sensitivity from other gases. Pt-gate sensors offer very fast response with decent response magnitude at 200oC for methanol. The presence of oxygen improves the response to methanol, which is favorable for the leak detection application. Besides oxygen, the influence of hydrogen, propene, and water vapor is also observed in the experiment with methanol. The detection mechanism and different sensing behavior of Pt and Ir gates are illustrated with model reaction mechanisms on the surface of the metals. Sensor characterization has been performed for SO2 with several catalytic metal gates: Pt, Ir, Cu, and Au. The results suggest that a single sensor with any of Pt, Ir, Cu, and Au gates is able to detect the presence of SO2 in the air or nitrogen background. However, they are unable to measure different SO2 concentration. Moreover, the response level to SO2 is so small, that it will probably disappear if there is any other gas present in the mixture.
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| 10. |
- Erixson, Oscar, 1984-
(författare)
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Economic Decisions and Social Norms in Life and Death Situations
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Essay 1: (with Mikael Elinder) Since the sinking of the Titanic, there has been a widespread belief that the social norm of “women and children first” (WCF) gives women a survival advantage over men in maritime disasters, and that captains and crew members give priority to passengers. We analyze a database of 18 maritime disasters spanning three centuries, covering the fate of over 15,000 individuals of more than 30 nationalities. Our results provide a unique picture of maritime disasters. Women have a distinct survival disadvantage compared with men. Captains and crew survive at a significantly higher rate than passengers. We also find that: the captain has the power to enforce normative behavior; there seems to be no association between duration of a disaster and the impact of social norms; women fare no better when they constitute a small share of the ship’s complement; the length of the voyage before the disaster appears to have no impact on women’s relative survival rate; the sex gap in survival rates has declined since World War I; and women have a larger disadvantage in British shipwrecks. Taken together, our findings show that human behavior in life-and-death situations is best captured by the expression “every man for himself.”Essay 2: (with Henry Ohlsson) The objective of this essay is to study to what extent parents divide their estates unequally between their children and the determinants of this decision. We use a new dataset based on the estate reports for almost 70,000 Swedish widows, widowers, divorcees and unmarried individuals who died with positive estates and at least two children. Unequal sharing is unusual; depending on definitions only 2–12 percent of the estates are unequally divided. Previous studies for other countries, particularly from the US, find that around 20–40 percent of parents divide their estates unequally. We argue that the relatively low frequency of unequal sharing in Sweden might be explained by contextual factors such as the inheritance law, the transfer tax system, the income distribution, and the welfare state. We also estimate models with family fixed effects to study how the characteristics of children to parents who choose unequal division affect the size of the transfer. The empirical estimates show that bequests are not used to compensate for income differences between children, suggesting that bequests are not guided by altruistic motives. Children who are likely to have provided services to the parent receive more than their siblings however. This suggests that, at least some bequests are guided by exchange motives.Essay 3: (with Mikael Elinder and Henry Ohlsson) The objective of this essay is to study when and how much labor and capital income of heirs respond to inheritances. We estimate fixed effects models following direct heirs, inheriting in 2004, during the years 2000–2008 using Swedish panel data. Our first main result is that the more the heir inherits, the lower her labor income becomes. This labor income effect appears in the years after the heir had inherited and is stronger for old heirs than for young heirs. We also find evidence of anticipation effects that occur before the actual transfer. Our second main result is that the more the heir inherits, the higher her capital income becomes. This effect only appears in the years after receiving the inheritance. It seems to be dissipating after a couple of years.Essay 4: This essay contributes in two ways to the literature on the effects of economic circumstances on health. First, it deals with reverse causality and omitted variable bias by exploiting previously exogenous variation in inherited wealth generated by the unexpected repeal of the Swedish inheritance tax. Second, it analyzes responses in health outcomes from administrative registers. The results show that increased wealth has limited impacts on objective adult health over a period of six years. This is in line with what has been documented previously regarding subjective health outcomes. If anything, it appears as if the wealth shock resulting from the tax reform leads people to seek care for symptoms of disease, which result in that cancer is detected and possibly treated earlier. One possible explanation for this preventive response is that good health is needed for enjoying the improved consumption prospects generated by the wealth shock.
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