| 1. |
- Thorsson, Sofia, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal bioclimatic conditions and patterns of behaviour in an urban park in Goteborg, Sweden
- 2004
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biometeorology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0020-7128 .- 1432-1254. ; 48:3, s. 149-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- People in urban areas frequently use parks for recreation and outdoor activities. Owing to the complexity of the outdoor environment, there have only been a few attempts to understand the effect of the thermal environment on people's use of outdoor spaces. This paper therefore seeks to determine the relationship between the thermal environment, park use and behavioural patterns in an urban area of Sweden. The methods used include structured interviews, unobtrusive observations of the naturally occurring behaviour and simultaneous measurements of thermal comfort variables, i.e., air temperature, air humidity, wind speed and global radiation. The thermal environment is investigated through the mean radiant temperature (T-mrt) and the predicted mean vote (PMV) index. The outcome is compared to the subjective behaviour and thermal sensation of the interviewees. It is found that the thermal environment, access and design are important factors in the use of the park. In order to continue to use the park when the thermal conditions become too cold or too hot for comfort, people improve their comfort conditions by modifying their clothing and by choosing the most supportive thermal opportunities available within the place. The study also shows that psychological aspects such as time of exposure, expectations, experience and perceived control may influence the subjective assessment. Comparison between the thermal sensation of the interviewees and the thermal sensation assessed by the PMV index indicates that steady-state models such as the PMV index may not be appropriate for the assessment of short-term outdoor thermal comfort, mainly because they are unable to analyse transient exposure.
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| 2. |
- Abbasi, Alireza, et al.
(författare)
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Highly hydrated cations : Deficiency, mobility and coordination of water in crystalline nonahydrated scandium(III), yttrium(III) and lanthanoid(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate
- 2005
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Ingår i: Chemistry - A European Journal. - : Wiley. - 0947-6539 .- 1521-3765. ; 11:14, s. 4065-4077
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trivalent lanthanide-like metal ions coordinate nine water oxygen atoms, which form a tricapped trigonal prism in a large number of crystalline hydrates. Water deficiency, randomly distributed over the capping positions, was found for the smallest metal ions in the isomorphous nonahydrated trifluoromethanesulfonates, [M(H2O)(n)]CF3SO3)(3), in which M=Sc-III, Lu-III, Yb-III, Tm-III or Er-III. The hydration number n increases (n=8.0(1), 8.4(1), 8.7(1), 8.8(1) and 8.96(5), respectively) with increasing ionic size. Deuterium (H-2) solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed fast positional exchange between the coordinated capping and prism water molecules; this exchange started at temperatures higher than about 280 K for lutetium(m) and below 268 K for scandium(m). Similar positional exchange for the fully nonahydrated yttrium(m) and lanthanum(m) compounds started at higher temperatures, over about 330 and 360 K, respectively. An exchange mechanism is proposed that can exchange equatorial and capping water molecules within the restrictions of the crystal lattice, even for fully hydrated lanthanoid(III) ions. Phase transitions occurred for all the water-deficient compounds at; 185 K. The hydrated scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate transforms reversibly (Delta H degrees= -0.80(1) kJ mol(-1) on cooling) to a trigonal unit cell that is almost nine times larger, with the scandium ion surrounded by seven fully occupied and two partly occupied oxygen atom positions in a distorted capped trigonal prism. The hydrogen bonding to the trifluoromethanesulfonate anions stabilises the trigonal prism of water ligands, even for the crowded hydration sphere of the smallest metal ions in the series. Implications for the Lewis acid catalytic activity of the hydrated scandium(III) and lanthanoid(III) trifluoromethanesulfonates for organic syntheses performed in aqueous media are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. EHT and Multiwavelength Observations, Data Processing, and Calibration
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 930:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm measurements of the radio source located at the position of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), collected during the 2017 April 5-11 campaign. The observations were carried out with eight facilities at six locations across the globe. Novel calibration methods are employed to account for Sgr A*'s flux variability. The majority of the 1.3 mm emission arises from horizon scales, where intrinsic structural source variability is detected on timescales of minutes to hours. The effects of interstellar scattering on the image and its variability are found to be subdominant to intrinsic source structure. The calibrated visibility amplitudes, particularly the locations of the visibility minima, are broadly consistent with a blurred ring with a diameter of similar to 50 mu as, as determined in later works in this series. Contemporaneous multiwavelength monitoring of Sgr A* was performed at 22, 43, and 86 GHz and at near-infrared and X-ray wavelengths. Several X-ray flares from Sgr A* are detected by Chandra, one at low significance jointly with Swift on 2017 April 7 and the other at higher significance jointly with NuSTAR on 2017 April 11. The brighter April 11 flare is not observed simultaneously by the EHT but is followed by a significant increase in millimeter flux variability immediately after the X-ray outburst, indicating a likely connection in the emission physics near the event horizon. We compare Sgr A*'s broadband flux during the EHT campaign to its historical spectral energy distribution and find that both the quiescent emission and flare emission are consistent with its long-term behavior.
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| 4. |
- Beckman, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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A behaviour-based coding tool for assessing supervisors' adherence and competence : Findings from a motivational interviewing implementation study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1063-3995 .- 1099-0879. ; 29:6, s. 1942-1949
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Supervision seems to be an essential part of therapist training and thus also of implementing evidence-based practices. However, there is a shortage of valid and reliable instruments for objective assessment of supervision competence that include both global measures and frequency counts of behaviour—two essential aspects of supervisory competence. This study tests the internal consistency and inter-rater reliability of an assessment tool that includes both these measures. Additionally, strategies and techniques used by 10 supervisors in 35 Motivational interviewing supervision sessions are described. Codings were conducted after two separate coding training sessions. The internal consistency across the global measures was acceptable (α = 0.70; 0.71). After the second training, the inter-rater reliabilities for all frequency counts were in the moderate to good range, except for two that were in the poor range; inter-rater reliability for one of the four global measures was in the moderate range, and three were in the poor range. A prerequisite for identifying specific supervisor skills central to the development of therapist skills, teaching these skills to supervisors and performing quality assurance of supervision, is to create instruments that can measure these behaviours. This study is a step in that direction.
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| 5. |
- Bergman, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of sintering parameters on the mechanical performance of PM steels pre-alloyed with chromium
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials Science Forum. - 0255-5476 .- 1662-9752. ; 534-536, s. 545-548
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder grades pre-alloyed with 1.5-3 wt% chromium are suitable for PM steel components in high performance applications. These materials can be successfully sintered at the conventional temperature 1120 degrees C, although well-monitored sintering atmospheres with low oxygen partial pressures (< 10(-17)-10(-18) atm) are required to avoid oxidation. Mechanical properties of the Cr-alloyed PM grades are enhanced by a higher sintering temperature in the range 1120-1250 degrees C, due to positive effects from pore rounding, increased density and more effective oxide reduction. A material consisting of Astaloy CrM, which is pre-alloyed with 3 wt% Cr and 0.5 wt% Mo, and 0.6 wt% graphite obtains an ultimate tensile strength of 1470 MPa combined with an impact strength of 31 J at density 7.1 g/cm(3), after sintering at 1250 degrees C followed by cooling at 2.5 degrees C/s and tempering.
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| 6. |
- Collin, Sven-Olof Yrjö, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the functional orientation of the budget : a survey of Swedish organisations
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Accounting and Finance. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1752-8224. ; 9:1, s. 28-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a congruence model where factors belonging to the environment, to the corporation, and to the management control system of the corporation are expected to influence the functional emphasis put on the budget, i.e., the function of coordination, responsibility and evaluation. Through a test performed on 111 Swedish corporations, we find indications that the budget is very much alive; it appears to focus more on dealing with external situations than with internal characteristics; and it appears to be part of the formalisation of the organisation. We draw these conclusions based on our findings that suggest that the budget is being used mainly as a coordinative device, and less as an instrument for evaluating actions.
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| 7. |
- Collin, Sven Olof Yrjö, et al.
(författare)
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Explaining the functional orientation of the budget : a survey of Swedish organisations
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Accounting and Finance. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1752-8224 .- 1752-8232. ; 9:1, s. 28-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper presents a congruence model where factors belonging to the environment, to the corporation, and to the management control system of the corporation are expected to influence the functional emphasis put on the budget, i.e., the function of coordination, responsibility and evaluation. Through a test performed on 111 Swedish corporations, we find indications that the budget is very much alive; it appears to focus more on dealing with external situations than with internal characteristics; and it appears to be part of the formalisation of the organisation. We draw these conclusions based on our findings that suggest that the budget is being used mainly as a coordinative device, and less as an instrument for evaluating actions.
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| 8. |
- Eliasson, Ingegärd, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Wind fields and turbulence statistics in an urban street canyon
- 2006
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 40:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first paper of a long-term measurement campaign to explore wind, temperature, radiation and energy fieldswithin an urban canyon. A canyon and a rooftop mast were installed in a canyon with an aspect ratio (Height/Width)of 2.1 in Goteborg, Sweden. A number of instruments including sonic anemometers, radiometers and thermocoupleswere mounted in vertical profiles and across the width of the canyon. The experimental set-up, the characteristics of thecanyon flow pattern and mean and turbulence statistics with respect to above canyon flow are examined using datacollected under clear-sky conditions in summer and autumn 2003. Results show that under cross-canyon (within 601 oforthogonal) flow, a single helical vortex exists. High temporal resolution analysis suggests that eddies frequentlypenetrate the shear stress layer at the canyon top disrupting established flow patterns. A combination of complexbuilding roof shapes and local topography may contribute to this effect by maintaining a high degree of turbulence. Theprofile of mean wind speed within the canyon and the relation with that above canyon depends on the ambient flowdirection in relation to the canyon long axis. Turbulence statistics show results similar to other field studies, withturbulence kinetic energy and vertical mixing greatest toward the windward wall.
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| 9. |
- Fransson, Martin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary study of modeling and simulation in individualized drug dosage – azathioprine on inflammatory bowel disease
- 2007
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Ingår i: SIMS 2006: Proceedings of the 47th Conference on Simulation and Modelling, Helsinki, Finland. - Helsinki : Kopio Niini Oy. - 9525183300 ; , s. 216-220
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Individualized drug dosage based on population pharmacokinetic/dynamic models is an important future technology used to reduce or eliminate side effects of certain drugs, e.g. cancer drugs. In this paper we report preliminary results from work-in-progress: a simplified linear model of the metabolism of a cancer treatment drug was estimated from experimental data. The model was then validated against the same data as a test of the adequacy of the model structure. From this investigation it became apparent that the model structure could not be used due to its inability to recreate the dynamic properties of the system.
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| 10. |
- Gäreskog, Petra
(författare)
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Jurisdiktion och arbetsfördelning : Yrkesgruppers arbete med särskilt stöd i förskolan
- 2020
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this licentiate thesis is to increase our knowledge about the division of labor in the work with children in need of special support in preschools as described by the occupational groups of preschool teachers and special educational needs coordinators (SENCOs). This is explored in two separate studies.In the first study, the tasks, perceptions, and roles of SENCOs in preschools are examined. The study is part of a total population study where all SENCOs in Sweden (n = 4252) who were examined by the examination acts of the years 2001, 2007, and 2008 were sent a questionnaire. In a later phase of the procedure, the responses from SENCOs who work in preschools were extracted from the survey. These responses were analysed in Study I involving 523 participants. The results show that SENCOs’ working hours are primarily spent on consultation. SENCOs further report that they are able to influence their colleagues’ views on children's difficulties to a high degree. Most SENCOs in the study believe that the most important reason why children encounter difficulties in preschools is that preschools are poorly adapted to deal with children's differences. The results of this study are theoretically interpreted on the basis of Abbott's (1988) reasoning about jurisdictional control. Persson's (1998) two perspectives on different ways of understanding children's difficulties, namely a categorical and a relational perspective, are also used to interpret the results.Study II analyses how preschool teachers describe which occupational group claims jurisdiction over the work with children in need of special support. The data consist of interviews with 15 preschool teachers. The analysis of the data is based on Abbott's (1988) division of professional work into three aspects: a) formulating a problem, b) reasoning about the problem, and c) treating the problem. The results show that the area where preschool teachers claim jurisdictional control is related to the formulation of the problem. Preschool teachers do not, on the other hand, seem to claim jurisdictional control over the part of professional work that concerns reasoning about the problem. The results show a contradictory image of the treatment of the problem. Preschool teachers sometimes describe themselves as claiming jurisdictional control over treatment and other times describe how SENCOs have jurisdiction over the treatment of the problem.In the licentiate thesis, Abbott's (1988) reasoning about jurisdiction of occupational groups and Persson's (1998) categorical and relational perspectives for understanding children's difficulties are brought together and put in relation to different perspectives on inclusion.
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