| 1. |
- Bivik Stadler, Caroline, 1986-, et al.
(author)
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Proactive Construction of an Annotated Imaging Database for Artificial Intelligence Training
- 2021
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In: Journal of digital imaging. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0897-1889 .- 1618-727X. ; 34, s. 105-115
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) holds much promise for enabling highly desired imaging diagnostics improvements. One of the most limiting bottlenecks for the development of useful clinical-grade AI models is the lack of training data. One aspect is the large amount of cases needed and another is the necessity of high-quality ground truth annotation. The aim of the project was to establish and describe the construction of a database with substantial amounts of detail-annotated oncology imaging data from pathology and radiology. A specific objective was to be proactive, that is, to support undefined subsequent AI training across a wide range of tasks, such as detection, quantification, segmentation, and classification, which puts particular focus on the quality and generality of the annotations. The main outcome of this project was the database as such, with a collection of labeled image data from breast, ovary, skin, colon, skeleton, and liver. In addition, this effort also served as an exploration of best practices for further scalability of high-quality image collections, and a main contribution of the study was generic lessons learned regarding how to successfully organize efforts to construct medical imaging databases for AI training, summarized as eight guiding principles covering team, process, and execution aspects.
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| 2. |
- Broberg Palmgren, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Lithium in Drinking Water and Thyroid Function
- 2011
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In: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924 .- 0091-6765. ; 119:6, s. 827-830
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: High concentrations of lithium in drinking water were previously discovered in the Argentinean Andes Mountains. Lithium is used worldwide for treatment of bipolar disorder and treatment-resistant depression. One known side effect is altered thyroid function. OBJECTIVES: We assessed associations between exposure to lithium from drinking water and other environmental sources and thyroid function. METHODS: Women (n = 202) were recruited in four Andean villages in northern Argentina. Lithium exposure was assessed based on concentrations in spot urine samples, measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid function was evaluated by plasma free thyroxine (T-4) and pituitary gland thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), analyzed by routine immuno metric methods. RESULTS: The median urinary lithium concentration was 3,910 mu g/L (5th, 95th percentiles, 270 mu g/L, 10,400 mu g/L). Median plasma concentrations (5th, 95th percentiles) of T-4 and TSH were 17 pmol/L (13 pmol/L, 21 pmol/L) and 1.9 mIU/L, (0.68 mIU/L, 4.9 mIU/L), respectively. Urine lithium was inversely associated with T-4 [beta for a 1,000-mu g/L increase = -0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.31 to -0.068; p = 0.002] and positively associated with TSH (beta = 0.096; 95% CI, 0.033 to 0.16; p = 0.003). Both associations persisted after adjustment (for T-4, beta = -0.17; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.015; p = 0.032; for TSH: beta = 0.089; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.15; p = 0.007). Urine selenium was positively associated with T-4 (adjusted T-4 for a 1 mu g/L increase: beta = 0.041; 95% CI, 0.012 to 0.071; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to lithium via drinking water and other environmental sources may affect thyroid function, consistent with known side effects of medical treatment with lithium. This stresses the need to screen for lithium in all drinking water sources.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad
- 2006
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad 2020De kommande 15 åren står institutionen för Bygg- och miljöteknik inför stora förändringar. Därför har institutionen initierat projektet Framtidsbilder 2020 där man engagerat en framtidspanel bestående av elva yngre disputerade forskare. Arbetet inleddes med ett breddgruppsmöte där 110 personer representerande institutionens personal och studenter deltog. Vid mötet identifierades ett antal trender och osäkra utvecklingar som påverkar framtiden inom samhällsbyggnadsområdet. Deltagarna bidrog också med idéer till en önskvärd utveckling, vilket har sammanställts och utgör grunden till en gemensam önskvärd framtid/vision för institutionen. Materialet från breddgruppsmötet har bearbetats av Framtidspanelen och resulterat i fyra scenarier som beskriver hur samhällsbyggnadsområdet kan se ut år 2020. Syftet med framtidsbilderna är att de ska vara vägledande för institutionens beslut och förhållningssätt under de kommande åren.Fyra scenarierTurning TorsoSamhället präglas av en ekonomi som är på uppgång, och av ett nytänkande och öppet samhälle. Materiell status och individualism är viktigt. Detta leder till en hög arbetsbelastning samt krav på exklusiva varor av hög kvali-tet. Det finns en stor medvetenhet om miljöpåverkan och klimatförändringar och lösningarna för att klara energiförsörjningen är innovativa.Eco-metropolenDet sveper en grön våg genom dagens samhälle. Under de senaste 15 åren har vi insett att jorden skall vara en bebolig plats även åt dem som kommer efter oss. Vi söker ständigt efter nya, mer förfinade metoder att tillvarata de resurser vi har. Samhället och individen är i balans. Ekonomin är god och vi är miljömedvetna, trygga och integrerade. Nytänkande premieras och icke- materialistiska värderingar står högt i kurs. Vi tänker individuellt, men agerar mer än gärna för kollektivets bästa. Utbildning är gratis TrädgårdsstadenEtt samhälle där vi lärt oss hantera stress, men känner oss otrygga och helst umgås i slutna sociala sammanhang. Vi bor enkelt inne i stan, eller gärna på landsbygden nära storstäderna. Minskade behov av högutbildade i samhället gör att vi har svårt att rekrytera studenter till teknikutbildningar. Det traditionella tankesättet leder till kulturkrockar med företag och personer från andra länder.Gated communitiesFörsämrad ekonomi och ökad egoism har lett fram till ett stressat, otryggt och segregerat samhälle. Accelererande klimatförändringar och ökad miljö-påverkan skrämmer oss, men trots det åtgärdar vi inte problemen, utan koncentrerar oss på konsekvenserna. Arbetslöshet i samhällsbyggnadssek-torn leder till sänkt status för samhällsbyggaren. Vi har därför svårt att rekrytera studenter, och även forskningen har låg status.
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| 4. |
- Brodin, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish version of Hemophilia Activity List, HAL
- 2008
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In: World conference of Hemophilia, Istanbul, 08.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The patient´s perspective has gained interest in assessing outcome of treatment. A Dutch questionnaire, Hemophilia Activity List (HAL) has been developed according to WHO´s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. It is a self report measure of function and validated. Aim of this study: To translate HAL to Swedish and test its validity. Method: The HAL, both Dutch and English, was translated according to Swedish using the “forward-backward translation” method and merged into a final Swedish version. Validation was performed against the Swedish version of the questionnaires Arthritis Impact Measurement and Impact on Participation and Autonomy. Patients with haemophilia A and B from the 3 Swedish centres (225 persons with severe or moderate form) were invited to participate in the study. Spearman’s correlation test was used for validation and internal consistency of the HAL was calculated with Cronbach´s alfa. Results: Eighty-four patients (18-80 years old) filled out the questionnaires. The internal consistencies of the Swedish version of HAL were high, Cronbach alfa 0.98-0.71. The best domain was the function of the legs and the lowest was transportation. The correlation was excellent between the HAL sum score and AIMS phys (r = -0.84, p= 0.01), IPA autonomy indoors (r = -0.83, p=0.01) and autonomy outdoors (r = -0.89, p=0.01). Conclusion: The Swedish version of HAL have both internal consistency and convergent validity and can be used as a complement to other clinical tests to get the patient’s self-perceived ability to perform activities of daily life.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Brodin, Elisabeth, et al.
(author)
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The Swedish version of the Haemophilia Activity List.
- 2011
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In: Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1365-2516. ; 17:4, s. 662-8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There has been increasing interest in the patient's perspective on outcome of treatment. The Haemophilia Activity List (HAL) has been developed as a disease-specific questionnaire for haemophilia patients and is a validated self-report measure of function developed according to WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. To validate HAL in Sweden. The Dutch and English versions of HAL were translated into Swedish using 'the forward-backward translation' method and merged into a final Swedish version. Validation was performed against the Swedish version of the questionnaires Arthritis Impact Measurement 2 (AIMS 2) and Impact on Participation and Autonomy (IPA). Two hundred and twenty-five patients with severe and moderate forms of haemophilia A and B from three centres were invited to participate in the study. Spearman's rank correlation test was used for validation, and internal consistency of the HAL was calculated with Cronbach's alpha. Eighty-four patients (39%) (18-80 years old) filled out the questionnaires. The internal consistency of the Swedish version of HAL was high, with Cronbach's alpha being 0.98-0.71. Function of the legs had the highest consistency and transportation had the lowest. The correlation was excellent between the HAL sum score and AIMS 2 physical (r = 0.84, P< 0.01), IPA autonomy indoors (r = 0.83, P < 0.01) and autonomy outdoors (r = 0.89, P < 0.01). The Swedish version of HAL has both internal consistency and convergent validity and may complement other functional tests to gather information on the patient's self-perceived ability.
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| 7. |
- Brownstein, Catherine A., et al.
(author)
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An international effort towards developing standards for best practices in analysis, interpretation and reporting of clinical genome sequencing results in the CLARITY Challenge
- 2014
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In: Genome Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 15:3, s. R53-
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: There is tremendous potential for genome sequencing to improve clinical diagnosis and care once it becomes routinely accessible, but this will require formalizing research methods into clinical best practices in the areas of sequence data generation, analysis, interpretation and reporting. The CLARITY Challenge was designed to spur convergence in methods for diagnosing genetic disease starting from clinical case history and genome sequencing data. DNA samples were obtained from three families with heritable genetic disorders and genomic sequence data were donated by sequencing platform vendors. The challenge was to analyze and interpret these data with the goals of identifying disease-causing variants and reporting the findings in a clinically useful format. Participating contestant groups were solicited broadly, and an independent panel of judges evaluated their performance. Results: A total of 30 international groups were engaged. The entries reveal a general convergence of practices on most elements of the analysis and interpretation process. However, even given this commonality of approach, only two groups identified the consensus candidate variants in all disease cases, demonstrating a need for consistent fine-tuning of the generally accepted methods. There was greater diversity of the final clinical report content and in the patient consenting process, demonstrating that these areas require additional exploration and standardization. Conclusions: The CLARITY Challenge provides a comprehensive assessment of current practices for using genome sequencing to diagnose and report genetic diseases. There is remarkable convergence in bioinformatic techniques, but medical interpretation and reporting are areas that require further development by many groups.
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| 8. |
- Chasoglou, Dimitris, et al.
(author)
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Computational predictions with coupled experimental investigations of the effect of alloying elements on microstructure in PM-HIP alloys
- 2013
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In: International Powder Metallurgy Congress and Exhibition, Euro PM 2013. - : European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). - 9781899072408
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Steel produced by the PM-HIP route has a more homogenous microstructure compared with that obtained in conventionally produced material. This is an important advantage in many applications, and is therefore of interest to predict. The homogeneity of the microstructure is possible due to the rapid solidification of the powder grains in the atomization and the small size of the powder grains. Computational predictions of the variations of composition in powder grains, compacted material and conventionally produced material are compared with microstructure investigations. The microstructure is investigated in SEM with coupled composition analysis by EDS/WDS. The computational predictions are based on a description of the equilibria in the steel, and of the kinetics of segregation on solidification. The effect of alloying elements is discussed, and the effect in a stainless steel and in a tool steel is calculated.
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| 9. |
- Geraghty, S, et al.
(author)
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Practice patterns in haemophilia A therapy - global progress towards optimal care
- 2006
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In: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 12:1, s. 75-81
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports the findings of a global survey of practice patterns for the management of patients with haemophilia A. A total of 147 haemophilia treatment centres worldwide responded to the questionnaire, supplying data for 16 115 patients with haemophilia A. From these responses, 38% (range: 25-48%) of patients were under 18 years old. Almost half (47%) of patients were reported to have mild or moderate haemophilia A, 48% had severe haemophilia A (no inhibitor) and 5% were inhibitor patients. Less than half of patients with severe haemophilia A received prophylactic therapy (37%, excluding inhibitor patients) and 54% received on-demand treatment; the remaining 9% were inhibitor patients. Primary prophylaxis rates for severe haemophilia ranged from 73% in Sweden to 17% in the USA. Most respondents (80%) ranked infrequent bleeds as one of the top five reasons for not administering prophylactic treatment, followed by venous access (60%) and cost (45%). Of patients with severe haemophilia (non-inhibitor), 32% on primary prophylaxis and 27% on secondary prophylaxis had indwelling catheters. Risk of infection and the patient's inability to maintain the line were the key concerns cited by nurses relating to venous access. The mean ratio of nurses to patients with haemophilia A was 1:69 and nurses felt that they were either fully (26%) or mostly (45%) autonomous in assessment and treatment decisions. Results from this current survey suggest that worldwide research should be continued so as to improve outcomes through the identification of optimal treatment protocols for the management of haemophilia A.
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| 10. |
- Honeth, Gabriella, et al.
(author)
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Chemokine-directed migration of tumor-inhibitory neural progenitor cells towards an intracranially growing glioma.
- 2006
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In: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-2422 .- 0014-4827. ; 312:8, s. 1265-1276
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We have earlier shown that the rat neural progenitor cell line HiB5 is capable of suppressing intracranial growth of glioma cells in Fisher rats. Unlike some neural progenitor cells, HiB5 cells have not shown homing capacity towards glioma cells growing intracranially. In this study, we have genetically modified HiB5 progenitor cells to over-express the chemokine receptor CXCR3. We show that the introduced receptor is functionally responding to ligand stimulation with increased phosphorylation levels of ERK and SAPK/JNK and a transcriptional response of an AP-1 reporter system introduced into HIB5 cells. These transfected progenitor cells migrate in vitro in response to IP-10 and I-TAC. Further, we show an enhanced in vivo migration of the CXCR3 transfected HiB5 cells over the corpus callosum towards an IP-10 and I-TAC expressing glioma, as compared to wild type HiB5 cells. Our data indicate that it is possible to take advantage of chemokines natural capacity to initiate migratory responses, and to use this ability to enhance tumor-inhibitory neural progenitor cells to target an intracranially growing glioma.
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