| 1. |
- Wärnberg, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic Risk Assessment and Prediction of Radiotherapy Benefit for Women with Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) of the Breast, in a Randomized Clinical Trial (SweDCIS).
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 13:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prediction of radiotherapy (RT) benefit after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for DCIS is crucial. The aim was to validate a biosignature, DCISionRT®, in the SweDCIS randomized trial. Women were randomly assigned to RT or not after BCS, between 1987 and 2000. Tumor blocks were collected, and slides were sent to PreludeDxTM for testing. In 504 women with complete data and negative margins, DCISionRT divided 52% women into Elevated (DS > 3) and 48% in Low (DS ≤ 3) Risk groups. In the Elevated Risk group, RT significantly decreased relative 10-year ipsilateral total recurrence (TotBE) and 10-year ipsilateral invasive recurrence (InvBE) rates, HR 0.32 and HR 0.24, with absolute decreases of 15.5% and 9.3%. In the Low Risk group, there were no significant risk differences observed with radiotherapy. Using a cutoff of DS > 3.0, the test was not predictive for RT benefit (p = 0.093); however, above DS > 2.8 RT benefit was greater for InvBE (interaction p = 0.038). Recurrences at 10 years without radiotherapy increased significantly per 5 DS units (TotBE HR:1.5 and InvBE HR:1.5). Continuous DS was prognostic for TotBE risk although categorical DS did not reach significance. Absolute 10-year TotBE and InvBE risks appear sufficiently different to indicate that DCISionRT can aid physicians in selecting individualized adjuvant DCIS treatment strategies. Further analyses are planned in combined cohorts to increase statistical power.
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Bremer, Troy, et al.
(författare)
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A Biological Signature for Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Predict Radiotherapy Benefit and Assess Recurrence Risk
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 24:23, s. 5895-5901
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients and their physicians currently face challenging treatment decisions with limited information about the individual's subsequent breast cancer risk or treatment benefit. The DCISionRT biological signature developed in this study provides recurrence risk and predicts radiotherapy (RT) benefit for DCIS patients following breast-conserving surgery (BCS).EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A biological signature that calculates an individualized Decision Score (DS) was developed and cross-validated in 526 DCIS patients treated with BCS ± RT. The relationship was assessed between DS and 10-year risk of invasive breast cancer (IBC) or any ipsilateral breast event (IBE), including IBC or DCIS. RT benefit was evaluated by risk group and as a function of DS.RESULTS: The DS was significantly associated with IBC and IBE risk, HR (per 5 units) of 4.2 and 3.1, respectively. For patients treated without RT, DS identified a Low Group with 10-year IBC risk of 4% (7% IBE) and an Elevated Risk Group with IBC risk of 15% (23% IBE). In analysis of DS and RT by group, the Elevated Risk Group received significant RT benefit, HR of 0.3 for IBC and IBE. In a clinicopathologically low-risk subset, DS reclassified 42% of patients into the Elevated Risk Group. In an interaction analysis of DS and RT, patients with elevated DS had significant RT benefit over baseline.CONCLUSIONS: The DS was prognostic for risk and predicted RT benefit for DCIS patients. DS identified a clinically meaningful low-risk group and a group with elevated 10-year risks that received substantial RT benefit over baseline.
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| 4. |
- Chen, I. Ju, et al.
(författare)
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Hot-Carrier Extraction in Nanowire-Nanoantenna Photovoltaic Devices
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6992 .- 1530-6984. ; 20:6, s. 4064-4072
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowires bring new possibilities to the field of hot-carrier photovoltaics by providing flexibility in combining materials for band engineering and using nanophotonic effects to control light absorption. Previously, an open-circuit voltage beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit was demonstrated in hot-carrier devices based on InAs-InP-InAs nanowire heterostructures. However, in these first experiments, the location of light absorption, and therefore the precise mechanism of hot-carrier extraction, was uncontrolled. In this Letter, we combine plasmonic nanoantennas with InAs-InP-InAs nanowire devices to enhance light absorption within a subwavelength region near an InP energy barrier that serves as an energy filter. From photon-energy- and irradiance-dependent photocurrent and photovoltage measurements, we find that photocurrent generation is dominated by internal photoemission of nonthermalized hot electrons when the photoexcited electron energy is above the barrier and by photothermionic emission when the energy is below the barrier. We estimate that an internal quantum efficiency up to 0.5-1.2% is achieved. Insights from this study provide guidelines to improve internal quantum efficiencies based on nanowire heterostructures.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Fast, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Hot-carrier separation in heterostructure nanowires observed by electron-beam induced current
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nanotechnology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6528 .- 0957-4484. ; 31:39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The separation of hot carriers in semiconductors is of interest for applications such asthermovoltaic photodetection and third-generation photovoltaics. Semiconductor nanowiresoffer several potential advantages for effective hot-carrier separation such as: a high degree ofcontrol and flexibility in heterostructure-based band engineering, increased hot-carriertemperatures compared to bulk, and a geometry well suited for local control of light absorption.Indeed, InAs nanowires with a short InP energy barrier have been observed to produce electricpower under global illumination, with an open-circuit voltage exceeding the Shockley-Queisserlimit. To understand this behaviour in more detail, it is necessary to establish control over theprecise location of electron-hole pair-generation in the nanowire. In this work we performelectron-beam induced current measurements with high spatial resolution, and demonstrate therole of the InP barrier in extracting energetic electrons.We interprete the results in terms ofhot-carrier separation, and extract estimates of the hot carriers’ mean free path.
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| 7. |
- Holm, Petter, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging Gaps, Reforming Fisheries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Collaborative Research in Fisheries Co-creating Knowledge for Fisheries Governance in Europe. - 9783030267834 ; , s. 279-303
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Karimi, Mohammad, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Intersubband Quantum Disc-in-Nanowire Photodetectors with Normal-Incidence Response in the Long-Wavelength Infrared
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nano letters (Print). - Washington : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 18:1, s. 365-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Semiconductor nanowires have great potential for realizing broadband photodetectors monolithically integrated with silicon. However, the spectral range of such detectors has so far been limited to selected regions in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. Here, we report on the first intersubband nanowire heterostructure array photodetectors exhibiting a spectrally resolved photoresponse from the visible to long-wavelength infrared. In particular, the infrared response from 3 to 20 μm is enabled by intersubband transitions in low-bandgap InAsP quantum discs synthesized axially within InP nanowires. The intriguing optical characteristics, including unexpected sensitivity to normal incident radiation, are explained by excitation of the longitudinal component of optical modes in the photonic crystal formed by the nanostructured portion of the detectors. Our results provide a generalizable insight into how broadband nanowire photodetectors may be designed and how engineered nanowire heterostructures open up new, fascinating opportunities for optoelectronics.
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| 9. |
- Karimi, Mohammad, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Nanowire photodetectors with embedded quantum heterostructures for infrared detection
- 2019
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Ingår i: Infrared physics & technology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 1350-4495 .- 1879-0275. ; 96, s. 209-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowires offer remarkable opportunities for realizing new optoelectronic devices because of their unique fundamental properties. The ability to engineer nanowire heterostructures with large bandgap variations is particularly interesting for technologically important broadband photodetector applications. Here we report on infrared photodetectors based on arrays of InP nanowires with embedded InAsP quantum discs. We demonstrate a strongly reduced dark current in the detector elements by compensating the unintentional n-doping in the nominal intrinsic region of the InP nanowires by in-situ doping with Zn, a crucial step towards realizing high-performance devices. The optimized array detectors show a broad spectral sensitivity at normal incidence for wavelengths from visible to far-infrared up to 20 μm, promoted by both interband and intersubband transitions. Optical simulations show that the unexpected normal incidence response at long wavelengths is due to non-zero longitudinal modes hosted by the nanowires. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
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| 10. |
- Lade, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness of beads for tracking small-scale molecular motor dynamics
- 2011
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Ingår i: Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics). - 1539-3755. ; 84:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigations into molecular motor dynamics are increasingly focused on small-scale features of the motor's motion. We define performance measures of a common type of single-molecule motility assay, the bead assay, for its ability to detect such features. Using numerical models, we explore the dependence of assay performance on a number of experimentally controllable parameters, including bead size, optical force, and the method of attaching the bead to the motor. We find that the best parameter choice depends on the objective of the experiments, and give a guide to parameter selection. Comparison of the models against experimental data from a recent bead assay of myosin V exemplifies how our methods can also be used to extract additional information from bead assays, particularly that related to small-scale features. By analyzing the experimental data we find evidence for previously undetected multiple waiting states of the bead-motor complex. Furthermore, from numerical simulations we find that equilibrium bead dynamics display features previously attributed to aborted motor steps, and that bead dynamics alone can produce multiple subphases during a step.
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