| 1. |
- Adams, Mike, et al.
(författare)
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Managing policy lapse risk in Sweden's life insurance market between 1915 and 1947
- 2020
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Ingår i: Business History. - : Routledge. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 62:2, s. 222-239
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine the challenges that Swedish life insurers faced in managing the lapse risk of policies written on the lives of the industrial urban working class between 1915 and 1947. We observe that with the threat of State socialisation of insurance in the 1930s, industrial life insurers modified their business practices to better control policy lapses. Using firm-level data, we also analyse the effect of socio-economic changes, such as rising real wages, interest rate fluctuations and unemployment on life insurance policy lapses. Our results support contemporary tests of the emergency fund and interest rate explanations for the voluntary premature termination of life insurance policies.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse selection in mutual benefit societies : an longitudinal approach
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mutual benefit societies evolved as the major provider for illness, accident and burialinsurance in the late 19 th and early 20 th century in the Western world. One of themajor problems facing the insurers was the risk for adverse selection; that unhealthyindividuals had more incentive then healthy to insure when priced for the averagerisk. By empirically examine if the longevity among insured in mutual benefit societieswas different from uninsured, we seek to identify the presence of adverse section. Wefind no compelling evidence that unhealthy individuals was more likely to insure, orreasons to believe that adverse selection was behind the decline of mutual benefitsocieties in the twentieth century.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Did statutory insurance improve the welfare of Swedish workers? : The statutory workplace accident insurance act of 1916
- 2022
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Ingår i: Labor history. - : Routledge. - 0023-656X .- 1469-9702. ; 63, s. 210-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welfare researchers have regarded statutory accident insurance in 1916 as a starting point for the exceptional expansion of the Swedish welfare state. However, rather less attention has been paid to the roles played by mutual insurance societies and employer compensation schemes in offering voluntary welfare protection. We argue that voluntary welfare protection was an integral part of the early-twentieth century welfare system and played a crucial role in protecting workers in the case of sickness and accident. We also examine the limitations of these arrangements and explore the ways in which the design of the statutory scheme ensured that there was a continuing role for voluntary provision after the new Act came into operation. We also explore the impact of the scheme on wage levels, and show how its introduction eroded the wage premiums which had previously been earned by workers in high-risk industries.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Lars-Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Exclusion of women and organizational characteristics : Swedish mutual health insurance 1901-1910
- 2019
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Ingår i: Business History. - : Routledge. - 0007-6791 .- 1743-7938. ; 61:8, s. 1352-1378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutual societies have been recognised for their ability to mitigate information asymmetry. Although successful in reducing sickness claims, the exclusion of women was common. Health insurance societies argued the exclusion was a means to reduce adverse selection and moral hazard since women were regarded as higher risk. In this paper, we explore differences in organisational characteristics between societies that excluded and societies that did not exclude women as members between 1901 to 1910. Based on panel data, the study shows that societies that excluded women were less successful in keeping down sickness claims, in relation to benefits, than gendermixed societies
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Household risk strategies during a pandemic : Experiences from the 1918 influenza pandemic
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The corona crisis has during the year 2020 put large pressure on the economy. Only time can tell whether the corona crisis will have permanent effects on corporate and household behaviour and how it will affect society at large. This article examines historical experiences of how households managed the financial consequences of the rising mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. We find that the pandemic led to an immediate and major increase in primarily industrial life insurance policies on small sums designed for blue-collar workers. The increase in new policies did however not have a lasting effect. When the pandemic had faded over, the number of policies had dropped to bellow pre-pandemic conditions. This historical experience underlines that there are limits to the extent to which even a major shock, such as a pandemic, can lead to the kinds of behavioural change on which recent policies have been predicated.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Household risk strategies during a pandemic – experiences from the 1918 influenza pandemic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Routledge. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 71:1, s. 36-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2020, The COVID-19 crisis has put great pressure on the economy worldwide. Only time can tell whether the COVID-19 crisis will have permanent effects on corporate and household behaviour and how it will affect society at large. This article examines historical experiences of how households managed the financial consequences of rising mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic. We find that the previous pandemic led to an immediate and major increase in primarily small-sum industrial life insurance policies designed for blue-collar workers. The increase in new policies did not, however, have a lasting effect. By the time the pandemic had faded, the number of policies had dropped to below pre-pandemic conditions. This historical experience underlines the fact that there are limits to the extent to which even a major shock, such as a pandemic, can lead to behavioural change among households as currently being predicted in relation to COVID-19.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Hushållens riskstrategier under en pandemi – erfarenheter från spanska sjukan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm : Nationalekonomiska föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 48:8, s. 73-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vi befinner oss i en pandemi som befaras få stora konsekvenser för samhällsekonomin. I denna artikel undersöker vi historiska erfarenheter av hur hushåll hanterade finansiella risker orsakade av influensa-epidemin spanska sjukan, 1918–20. Spanska sjukan ökade livförsäkringstagandet under de år som sjukdomen härjade, men fick inga bestående effekter på hushållens riskstrategier. Erfarenheterna från spanska sjukan inger begränsade förhoppningar för den ökade invididualiseringen av krisansvaret vi sett under senare år, exempelvis har ansvaret för beredskapslager delvis lyfts över mot hushållen. För att vi ska vara rustade för nya pandemier krävs politisk konsensus kring att pandemiberedskap bör vara ett långsiktigt, samhälleligt åtagande.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Life insurance and income growth : the case of Sweden 1830-1950
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Economic History Review. - : Routledge. - 0358-5522 .- 1750-2837. ; 58:3, s. 203-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we provide an analysis of the life insurance market in Sweden from the early 19th century to the mid 20th century. We consider determinants put forward in the financial history literature to explain the growth of life insurance. The paper shows that income elasticity of demand gives a fairly good approximation of the development in the twentieth century, while the development of risk and insurance innovation among other things need to be taken into account to explain the growth of life insurance in nineteenth century. The price of life insurance, measured as the overhead-to-premium-income-ratio, remained fairly constant during the second half of the 19th century, while the risk, as indicated in terms of crude mortality rates and its volatility did decline. This probably improved the return on life-insurance savings and further helped the entry of new firms. The average premium size was reduced to enable the diffusion of life insurance to workers.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Morbidity among working class men and women in early twentieth century Sweden
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates gendered morbidity patterns by employing micro data derived from sickness records and membership ledgers on working class men and women in the early 20th century Sweden. We find that the main reason for gendered morbidity differences - that woman faced fewer, but longer sickness episodes than men – reflects gendered productive and reproductive activities. Men suffered from the large number of work-place accidents as workers in the production sector, while women faced major risks due to pregnancy, childbearing and related sickness. Women also suffered more from for diseases of the blood, diseases of the digestive & metabolic system and diseases the genitourinary than men. Both men and women faced shorter, but longer, sickness episodes in urban areas attributed to the underlying differences in morbidity causes during the epidemiological transition.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Lars Fredrik, Docent, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Morbidity among working class men andwomen in early twentieth century Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper investigates gendered morbidity patterns by employing micro data derived from sicknessrecords and membership ledgers on working class men and women in the early 20th century Sweden.We find that the main reason for gendered morbidity differences - that woman faced fewer, butlonger sickness episodes than men – reflects gendered productive and reproductive activities. Mensuffered from the large number of work-place accidents as workers in the production sector, whilewomen faced major risks due to pregnancy, childbearing and related sickness. Women also sufferedmore from for diseases of the blood, diseases of the digestive & metabolic system and diseases thegenitourinary than men. Both men and women faced shorter, but longer, sickness episodes in urbanareas attributed to the underlying differences in morbidity causes during the epidemiologicaltransition.
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