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- Thacher, Jesse D., et al.
(författare)
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Occupational noise exposure and risk of incident stroke: a pooled study of five Scandinavian cohorts
- 2022
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Ingår i: OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 79:9, s. 594-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To investigate the association between occupational noise exposure and stroke incidence in a pooled study of five Scandinavian cohorts (NordSOUND). Methods We pooled and harmonised data from five Scandinavian cohorts resulting in 78 389 participants. We obtained job data from national registries or questionnaires and recoded these to match a job-exposure matrix developed in Sweden, which specified the annual average daily noise exposure in five exposure classes (L-Aeq8h): <70, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, >= 85 dB(A). We identified residential address history and estimated 1-year average road traffic noise at baseline. Using national patient and mortality registers, we identified 7777 stroke cases with a median follow-up of 20.2 years. Analyses were conducted using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for individual and area-level potential confounders. Results Exposure to occupational noise at baseline was not associated with overall stroke in the fully adjusted models. For ischaemic stroke, occupational noise was associated with HRs (95% CI) of 1.08 (0.98 to 1.20), 1.09 (0.97 to 1.24) and 1.06 (0.92 to 1.21) in the 75-79, 80-84 and >= 85 dB(A) exposure groups, compared with <70 dB(A), respectively. In subanalyses using time-varying occupational noise exposure, we observed an indication of higher stroke risk among the most exposed (>= 85 dB(A)), particularly when restricting analyses to people exposed to occupational noise within the last year (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.63). Conclusions We found no association between occupational noise and risk of overall stroke after adjustment for confounders. However, the non-significantly increased risk of ischaemic stroke warrants further investigation.
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- Lissaker, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a low oxygen environment on parental effort and filial cannibalism in the male sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus
- 2003
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Ingår i: Behavioral Ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1045-2249 .- 1465-7279. ; 14:3, s. 374-381
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In fish, brood cycling parental males sometimes eat some or all of their eggs, a behavior termed filial cannibalism. We tested predictions of filial cannibalism models related to the cost of parental care in the male sand goby, Pomatoschistus minutus, by increasing the parental effort (fanning expenditure) through reduced levels of dissolved oxygen to 39% in an experimental group, whereas a control group had fully saturated water. Males showed both full-clutch cannibalism and partial-clutch cannibalism in both treatments. Giving the males one to three females to spawn with, we found that small clutches were completely eaten more often than were larger ones, whereas partial-clutch cannibalism was not affected by clutch size. Although treatment did not affect filial cannibalism, it did affect a male's energy state such that males in the low oxygen treatment lost more body fat, indicating a greater fanning effort. This shows that males in the low oxygen treatment allocated more energy to the present brood, potentially at the expense of future reproductive success. Our study strongly suggests that filial cannibalism in male sand gobies represents a strategic life-history decision as an investment in future reproductive success, and is not triggered by a proximate need for food necessary for the male's own survival. Furthermore, males in the low oxygen treatment built nests with larger entrances, and were less likely to rebuild their nests after destruction. Presumably, this makes fanning easier but the nest more vulnerable to predators, suggesting a trade-off between fanning and nest defense.
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