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- Litt, Dana M., et al.
(författare)
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Daily level examination indicates that positive affect, but not negative affect, is associated with alcohol and marijuana use among adolescents and young adults.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Although there is growing evidence that alcohol use at the daily level is associated with positivebut not negative affect, results are mixed when examining marijuana use and simultaneous alcohol andmarijuana (SAM) use (i.e., use with overlapping effects). In addition, less is known about these daily levelassociations among diverse samples of adolescents and young adults. The present study will address thesegaps. Method: Participants (N = 1,006; 57.3% female, 43.1% White, Non-Hispanic, ages 15−25; Mage =20.0) were part of a study on substance use that consisted of a 3-week ecological momentary assessment(EMA) burst design (eight surveys per week, up to 2×/day) that was repeated quarterly over a 12-monthperiod. Results: Within-person results indicated that on days with elevated positive affect, participantsreported consuming more drinks, whereas positive affect was not significant for hours high from marijuana.In addition, on days with elevated negative affect, participants reported fewer hours high from marijuana.No association was found between negative affect and number of drinks. Finally, within-person resultsindicated that on alcohol or marijuana days with elevated positive affect, individuals were more likely toreport SAM use. There was no association found between negative affect and SAM use. Conclusions:Results have implications such that in-the-moment interventions for alcohol and SAM use may be moresalient when individuals have higher positive affect than average, whereas such interventions may be morerelevant for marijuana use when negative affect is lower compared to average levels.
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- Geusens, Femke, et al.
(författare)
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First Comes Substance Use, Then Comes Social Media Posts? : Examining the Temporal Ordering and Relative Strength of Relations Across Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Use and Posting Behavior
- 2023
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Ingår i: Health Communication. - : Routledge. - 1041-0236 .- 1532-7027.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social media posts represent a major route by which youth share their substance use cognitions and experiences with others. Extant research has primarily examined relations between alcohol-related posts and posters’ own alcohol use, yet little is known about the role of social media in the use of less socially accepted substances, namely tobacco and marijuana. Our study represents the first to examine the relative strength of this relation across alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. The current research used a one-month time lag to tease apart the temporal ordering of substance-use-posting and participants’ own substance use. A sample of 282 15-20-year-olds (Mage = 18.4, SD = 1.3, 52.9% female) in the United States completed two self-report surveys, one month apart. Results of a cross-lagged panel model revealed significant effects of alcohol and marijuana consumption on subsequent alcohol- and marijuana-related posting, respectively (i.e., selection effects). However, reverse relations (i.e., self-effects) were not significant. Further, we found no differences in the strength of selection effects across substances, suggesting they are similar for both more (alcohol) and less (marijuana and tobacco) socially acceptable substances. Results point to the importance of using young people’s social media posts as a way to help identify individuals at risk for heightened substance use and social media as a mechanism for targeted prevention programming.
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- Litt, Dana M., et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Test of Abstaining-and-Drinking Social Media Content on Adolescent and Young Adult Social Norms and Alcohol Use
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. - : Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.. - 1937-1888 .- 1938-4114. ; 84:5, s. 700-709
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Experimental research has demonstrated that when alcohol-related content is viewed on social media, adolescents and young adults tend to have favorable attitudes toward alcohol use. However, limited research focuses on social media norms for abstaining from alcohol use. The current study examined the role of descriptive and injunctive alcohol-abstaining-and-drinking norms via experimentally manipulated social media profiles. Experimental effects on descriptive and injunctive normative perceptions and subsequent behavior were tested.Method: Participants (N= 306; ages 15-20 years) were recruited from the Seattle metropolitan area to complete a baseline survey and view researcher-fabricated social media profiles. Using stratified random assignment (birth sex and age), participants were randomized into one of three conditions: (a) alcohol abstaining and drinking, (b) alcohol ab-staining, and (c) attention control.Results: The alcohol-abstaining-and-drinking condition reported greater drinking descriptive norms compared with participants in either the alcohol-abstaining or the attention-control conditions at post-experiment and 1-month follow-up. The alcohol-abstaining-and-drinking condition reported lower abstaining descriptive norms (i.e., perceiving fewer peers abstain) compared with those in the alcohol-abstaining condition at post-experiment and lower abstaining injunctive norms compared with those in the attention-control condition at 1-month follow-up.Conclusions: Exposure to social media profiles containing both alcohol-drinking and alcohol-abstaining messages was respectively associated with individuals perceiving that peers were con-suming alcohol more often and that fewer peers were abstaining. The present findings are consistent with prior experimental research that indicates alcohol displays on social media are associated with riskier drinking cognitions.
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- Romare, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in spatial and temporal gradients in zooplankton spring development: the effect of climatic factors
- 2005
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Ingår i: Freshwater Biology. - : Wiley. - 0046-5070 .- 1365-2427. ; 50:6, s. 1007-1021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. We examined the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton in lake surface waters during the spring of 3 years in Lake Washington, U.S.A., a large lake with a high production of sockeye salmon fry. 2. We show large within-season and among-year variation in the horizontal distribution of temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and zooplankton in the lake. The main pattern, a delay in zooplankton population increase from the north- to the south-end of the lake, recurred in each year and was persistent within each spring. 3. The delay is primarily caused by the development of a temperature gradient during spring warming, as cold mountain water enters the south end of the lake, while warm water enters the north end via a river draining a nearby lake. Climate factors, such as air temperature and precipitation during winter and spring, appear to influence the extent of the delay of zooplankton increase. 4. If the climate continues to warm, the temporal disconnection in zooplankton development between lake areas immediately influenced by cold river inflow and areas that are influenced by spring warming may increase in magnitude. Thus, the different areas of the lake may not contribute equally to fish production.
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