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- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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- Archambault, Emile, et al.
(författare)
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Routing and spectrum assignment in elastic filterless optical networks
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. - : IEEE. - 1063-6692 .- 1558-2566. ; 24:6, s. 3578-3592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elastic optical networking is considered a promising candidate to improve the spectral efficiency of optical networks. One of the most important planning challenges of elastic optical networks is the NP-hard routing and spectrum assignment (RSA) problem. In this paper, we investigate offline RSA in elastic filterless optical networks, which use a passive broadcast-and-select architecture to offer network agility. Here elastic optical network is referred to as the optical network that can adapt the channel bandwidth, data rate, and transmission format for each traffic demand in order to offer maximum throughput. In elastic filterless networks, the presence of unfiltered signals resulting from the drop-and-continue node architecture must be considered as an additional constraint in the RSA problem. In this paper, first the RSA problem in elastic filterless networks is formulated by using integer linear program (ILP) to obtain optimal solutions for small networks. Due to the problem complexity, two efficient RSA heuristics are also proposed to achieve suboptimal solutions for larger networks in reasonable time. Simulation results show that significant bandwidth savings in elastic filterless networks can be achieved compared to the fixed-grid filterless solutions. The proposed approach is further tested in multi-period traffic scenarios and combined with periodical spectrum defragmentation, leading to additional improvement in spectrum utilization of elastic filterless optical networks.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Jiajia, et al.
(författare)
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Passive wide area network solutions : Filterless and semi-filterless optical networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: 13th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). - 9781457708800
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in optical coherent transmission and electrical compensation technologies (such as coherent receiver and forward error correction FEC) have stimulated ideas for novel optical network architectures. Recently proposed passive wide area network solution, referred to as filterless optical network [1 #x2013;2] eliminates or minimizes the usage of active photonic reconfigurable network elements. In this approach, only the passive splitters and combiners for interconnecting the fiber links are utilized, which makes this network architecture more cost- and energy-effective as well as more reliable compared with networks based on active optical switching. However, the filterless optical network architecture implies some constraints on fiber interconnection design, maximum fiber-tree length and wavelength reuse due to its broadcast nature. Consequently, filterless solution always requires more resources (i.e. number of wavelengths) compared with the active switched optical networks which are allowed to utilize reconfigurable and coloured components. In order to improve the wavelength utilization while maintaining flexibility of resource allocation, this work extends the idea of filterless optical network by introducing some passive coloured components (e.g., fiber Bragg grating FBG, red/blue filters, etc) to drop local signals at some determined nodes. This approach is referred to as semi-filterless optical network. Furthermore, the semi-filterless solution maintains the passive feature, enabling high reliability and efficiency of cost and energy. Meanwhile, its non-broadcast property at some determined nodes has potential to decrease the transmission impairments and hence relax the constraints on fiber interconnection design and the maximal transparent length, which are strict in the filterless optical network. Our preliminary results confirm the advantages of semi-filterless solution.
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| 6. |
- Downey, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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Training future generations to deliver evidence-based conservation and ecosystem management
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. - : Wiley. - 2688-8319. ; 2:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. To be effective, the next generation of conservation practitioners and managers need to be critical thinkers with a deep understanding of how to make evidence-based decisions and of the value of evidence synthesis.2. If, as educators, we do not make these priorities a core part of what we teach, we are failing to prepare our students to make an effective contribution to conservation practice.3. To help overcome this problem we have created open access online teaching materials in multiple languages that are stored in Applied Ecology Resources. So far, 117 educators from 23 countries have acknowledged the importance of this and are already teaching or about to teach skills in appraising or using evidence in conservation decision-making. This includes 145 undergraduate, postgraduate or professional development courses.4. We call for wider teaching of the tools and skills that facilitate evidence-based conservation and also suggest that providing online teaching materials in multiple languages could be beneficial for improving global understanding of other subject areas.
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