| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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| 3. |
- Kanoni, Stavroula, et al.
(författare)
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Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Genome biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-760X .- 1465-6906 .- 1474-7596. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery.To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N=1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism.Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
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| 4. |
- Cattaruzza, Martina, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid polymer-liquid lithium ion electrolytes: effect of porosity on the ionic and molecular mobility
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 11:13, s. 7006-7015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternative electrolyte systems such as hybrid electrolytes are much sought after to overcome safety issues related to liquid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Hybrid solid-liquid electrolytes (HEs) like the heterogeneous structural battery electrolyte (SBE) consist of two discrete co-existing phases prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation: one solid polymer phase providing mechanical integrity and the other one a percolating liquid ion-conducting phase. The present work investigates the ion and the solvent mobility in a series of HEs using morphological, electrochemical impedance and NMR spectroscopic methods. All the dried HEs exhibit a porous structure with a broad pore size distribution stretching down to <10 nm diameter. Penetration of the individual components of the solution, that is the ions and the solvent, in the solid polymer phase is demonstrated. Yet, it is the pores that are the main ion conduction channels in the liquid-saturated HEs and, in general, translational mobility is strongly dependent on the volume fraction and size of the pores and, thereby, on the initial liquid electrolyte content. We also observe that the translational mobility of solvent and the ions vary differently with the pore volume fraction. This finding is explained by the presence of small mesopores where the mobility strongly depends on the specific interactions of the molecular constituent with the pore wall. These interactions are inferred to be stronger for the EC/PC solvent than for the ions. This study shows how the morphology and the chemical composition of HEs affect the ionic and molecular transport in the system.
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| 5. |
- Golpayegani, Ardeshir, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure of a Creep-Resistant 10 Pct Chromium Steel Containing 250 ppm Boron
- 2011
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 42:4, s. 940-951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The microstructure of a trial martensitic chromium steel containing a high content of boron (250 ppm) was characterized in detail in the as-tempered and aged conditions. This steel has a similar composition and heat treatment as the TAF steel that still is unsurpassed in creep strength among all 9 to 12 pct chromium steels. Characterization was performed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and atom probe tomography. Focus was placed on investigating different types of precipitates that play a key role in improving the creep resistance of these steels. The low tempering temperature of 963 K (690 A degrees C) is enough for the precipitation of the full volume fraction of both MX and M23C6. A high boron content, more than 1 at. pct, was found in M23C6 precipitates and they grow slowly during aging. The high boron level in the steel results in metal borides rather than BN with the approximate formula (Mo0.66Cr0.34)(2)(Fe0.75V0.25)B-2. Two families of MX precipitates were found, one at lath boundaries about 35 nm in size and one dense inside the laths, only 5 to 15 nm in size.
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| 6. |
- Liu, Fang, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Boron on Carbide Coarsening at 873 K (600°C) in 9 to 12 pct Chromium Steels
- 2012
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1073-5623. ; 43:11, s. 4053-4062
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The addition of small amounts of boron to 9 to 12 pct chromium steels has been found to decrease their creep rate at 823 K to 923 K (550 °C to 650 °C). In this article, the behavior of boron during austenitizing, tempering, and isothermal heat treatment at 873 K (600 °C) is studied using high-resolution microscopy and microanalysis as well as using atomistic modeling. It was found that increasing the boron content from 9 to 40 ppm decreased the coarsening constant of M23C6 by a factor of almost 2. Most of the added boron was incorporated in M23C6. Atomistic modeling showed that boron diffusion in ferrite is dominated by an interstitial mechanism at 873 K (600 °C). However, the generation of vacancies when carbide precipitates dissolve may promote a distribution with substitutional boron atoms. The absence of a fast mechanism for the transition from substitutional to interstitial occupancy will make the slow substitutional boron diffusion in the matrix rate controlling for the coarsening process.
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| 7. |
- Rashidi, Masoud, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanistic insights into the transformation processes in Z-phase strengthened 12% Cr steels
- 2018
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Ingår i: Materials and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 158, s. 237-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Compositionally complex Z-phase strengthened 12% Chromium steels are considered as potentially viable materials for components used in highly-demanding environments in steam power plants, operating at a target temperature of 650 °C. To date, however, the transformation processes of various phases into the desired precipitate, i.e., Z-phase CrTaN, are not fully understood. In this research, we first designed and produced three different alloys and then studied the microstructure in the as-tempered and aged conditions (for up to 10,000 h at 650 °C) using advanced electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and atom probe tomography. We report on the evolution of the densely distributed MX (Ta(C, N)) and M2X ((Cr, Ta)2N) precipitates into blade-like and bulky Z-phase, respectively. The blade-like precipitates benefit from a smaller size compared to the bulky ones, providing precipitation hardening for creep resistance. We discuss an interactive role of carbon and nitrogen content in the formation of the Z-phase. Our findings pave the way towards designing new alloys with improved properties to serve in harsh environments at 650 °C.
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| 8. |
- Wuttke, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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A catalog of genetic loci associated with kidney function from analyses of a million individuals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:6, s. 957-972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is responsible for a public health burden with multi-systemic complications. Through transancestry meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and independent replication (n = 1,046,070), we identified 264 associated loci (166 new). Of these,147 were likely to be relevant for kidney function on the basis of associations with the alternative kidney function marker blood urea nitrogen (n = 416,178). Pathway and enrichment analyses, including mouse models with renal phenotypes, support the kidney as the main target organ. A genetic risk score for lower eGFR was associated with clinically diagnosed CKD in 452,264 independent individuals. Colocalization analyses of associations with eGFR among 783,978 European-ancestry individuals and gene expression across 46 human tissues, including tubulo-interstitial and glomerular kidney compartments, identified 17 genes differentially expressed in kidney. Fine-mapping highlighted missense driver variants in 11 genes and kidney-specific regulatory variants. These results provide a comprehensive priority list of molecular targets for translational research.
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| 9. |
- Yan, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Learning-Based Handovers for Sub-6 GHz and mmWave Integrated Vehicular Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 18:10, s. 4873-4885
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The integration of sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave (mmWave) bands has a great potential to enable both reliable coverage and high data rate in future vehicular networks. Nevertheless, during mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) handovers, the coverage blindness of directional beams makes it a significant challenge to discover target mmWave remote radio units (mmW-RRUs) whose active beams may radiate somewhere that the handover vehicles are not in. Besides, fast and soft handovers are also urgently needed in vehicular networks. Based on these observations, to solve the target discovery problem, we utilize channel state information (CSI) of sub-6 GHz bands and Kernel-based machine learning (ML) algorithms to predict vehicles' positions and then use them to pre-activate target mmW-RRUs. Considering that the regular movement of vehicles on almost linearly paved roads with finite corner turns will generate some regularity in handovers, to accelerate handovers, we propose to use historical handover data and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) ML algorithms to predict handover decisions without involving time-consuming target selection and beam training processes. To achieve soft handovers, we propose to employ vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) connections to forward data for V2I links. The theoretical and simulation results are provided to validate the feasibility of the proposed schemes.
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| 10. |
- Andrén, Hans-Olof, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure evolution of a Z-phase strengthened 9-12% Cr steel
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 8th International Charles Parsons Turbine Conference, Portsmouth, UK, September 5th - 8th, 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new alloy design concept for martensitic / ferritic steels aiming for 650°C – the Zphasestrengthened steels – has been developed in Europe. These new steels areexpected to have good corrosion and creep resistance, which is attributed to a high Crcontent (up to 12 %) and a dense distribution of stable Z-phase precipitates.This paper reports a study of the microstructure evolution of a trial Ta-containing Zphasestrengthened steel. Samples with different aging times, from 24 hours to 10,000hours, were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy and transmissionelectron microscopy. Mainly two types of precipitates, Z-phase and Laves phase, werefound. The size distribution of the precipitates was analysed. It was found that Zphaseprecipitates, with very small initial size, have a very low coarsening rate.
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