| 1. |
- Huang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Interim effects of salt substitution on urinary electrolytes and blood pressure in the China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS).
- 2020
-
Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 221, s. 136-145
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Salt Substitute and Stroke Study is an ongoing 5-year large-scale cluster randomized trial investigating the effects of potassium-enriched salt substitute compared to usual salt on the risk of stroke. The study involves 600 villages and 20,996 individuals in rural China. Intermediate risk markers were measured in a random subsample of villages every 12 months over 3 years to track progress against key assumptions underlying study design. Measures of 24-hour urinary sodium, 24-hour urinary potassium, blood pressure and participants' use of salt substitute were recorded, with differences between intervention and control groups estimated using generalized linear mixed models. The primary outcome of annual event rate in the two groups combined was determined by dividing confirmed fatal and non-fatal strokes by total follow-up time in the first 2 years. The mean differences (95% CI) were -0.32 g (-0.68 to 0.05) for 24-hour urinary sodium, +0.77 g (+0.60 to +0.93) for 24-hour urinary potassium, -2.65 mmHg (-4.32 to -0.97) for systolic blood pressure and +0.30 mmHg (-0.72 to +1.32) for diastolic blood pressure. Use of salt substitute was reported by 97.5% in the intervention group versus 4.2% in the control group (P<.0001). The overall estimated annual event rate for fatal and non-fatal stroke was 3.2%. The systolic blood pressure difference and the annual stroke rate were both in line with the statistical assumptions underlying study design. The trial should be well placed to address the primary hypothesis at completion of follow-up.
|
|
| 2. |
- Liang, Yajun, et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in incidence of hypertension in Chinese adults, 1991-2009 : The China Health and Nutrition Survey
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 175:1, s. 96-101
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/objectives: Previous studies have shown an upward trend in the prevalence of hypertension, but data on trend of incidence of hypertension are lacking. We seek to investigate the trends in incidence of hypertension and control of incident hypertension among Chinese adults during 1991-1997 and 2004-2009. Methods: Within the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1991-2009), we identified five cohorts of adults (age >= 18 years) who were free of hypertension at baseline of each cohort: cohorts 1991-1997 (n = 4107), 1993-2000 (n = 4068), 1997-2004 (n = 4141), 2000-2006 (n = 4695), and 2004-2009 (n = 4523). Data on demographics, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were collected through interviews and clinical examination. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure >= 140/90 mmHg or currently using antihypertensive drugs. Multiple generalized estimation equations and Coxregression models were used to test the trends in blood pressure, incidence of hypertension, use of antihypertensive drugs, and control status of incident hypertension. Results: After controlling for potential confounders, incidence of hypertension (per 100 person-years) significantly increased from 2.9 in 1991-1997 to 5.3 in 2004-2009 (p(trend) = 0.024); the linear trend was statistically or marginally significant in the age group of 18-39 years, in women, in rural residents, and in adults with normal BMI. The overall rates of antihypertensive treatment and control of incident hypertension increased significantly from 5.7% and 1.7% in 1991-1997 to 19.9% and 7.6% in 2004-2009, respectively (p(trend) < 0.001). Conclusions: The incidence of hypertension has increased in Chinese adults since early 1990s. The treatment and control status of incident hypertension, while improved, remain very poor.
|
|
