| 1. |
- Cao, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability of blue foods to human-induced environmental change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - 2398-9629. ; 6, s. 1186-1198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global aquatic foods are a key source of nutrition, but how their production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes is not well known. The vulnerability of global blue food systems to main environmental stressors and the related spatial impacts across blue food nations are now quantified. Global aquatic or 'blue' foods, essential to over 3.2 billion people, face challenges of maintaining supply in a changing environment while adhering to safety and sustainability standards. Despite the growing concerns over their environmental impacts, limited attention has been paid to how blue food production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes. Here we assess the vulnerability of global blue food systems to predominant environmental disturbances and predict the spatial impacts. Over 90% of global blue food production faces substantial risks from environmental change, with the major producers in Asia and the United States facing the greatest threats. Capture fisheries generally demonstrate higher vulnerability than aquaculture in marine environments, while the opposite is true in freshwater environments. While threats to production quantity are widespread across marine and inland systems, food safety risks are concentrated within a few countries. Identifying and supporting mitigation and adaptation measures in response to environmental stressors is particularly important in developing countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa where risks are high and national response capacities are low. These findings lay groundwork for future work to map environmental threats and opportunities, aiding strategic planning and policy development for resilient and sustainable blue food production under changing conditions.
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| 2. |
- Gosens, Jorrit, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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The limits of academic entrepreneurship: Conflicting expectations about commercialization and innovation in China's nascent sector for advanced bio-energy technologies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy Research and Social Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-6296. ; 37, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite many years of substantial government research funding, advanced bio-energy technologies in China have seen limited commercial application. Chinese policy makers are increasingly critical of academic organizations for neglecting their role in the transfer of scientific results into industrial applications. We interviewed a selection of Chinese research groups working on bio-energy technologies, and asked them to describe their efforts at commercialization. We found that they focus their research on technological pathways with commercial potential, they patent and attempt to license their technologies, they are highly involved in large scale demonstration plants, and have created a number of new firms. Industry and government may have unrealistic expectations on the maturity and scale of technologies that academia can develop, however. These findings contrast with many earlier analyses of early commercialization stages of novel technologies, which have commonly identified lacking academic entrepreneurship as a root cause in stalling development.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Shurong, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of the pyrolysis behavior of lignins from different tree species
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 0734-9750 .- 1873-1899. ; 27:5, s. 562-567
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the increasing importance of biomass pyrolysis. little is known about the pyrolysis behavior of lignin-one of the main components of biomass-due to its structural complexity and the difficulty in its isolation. In the present study, we extracted lignins from Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandschurica) and Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) using the Bjorkman procedure, which has little effect on the structure of lignin. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry was used to characterize the microstructure of the Bjorkman lignins, i.e., milled wood lignins (MWLs), from the different tree species. The pyrolysis characteristics of MWLs were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the release of the main volatile and gaseous products of pyrolysis were detected by FTIR spectroscopy. During the pyrolysis process, MWLs underwent thermodegradation over a wide temperature range. Manchurian ash MWL showed a much higher thermal degradation rate than Mongolian Scots pine MWL in the temperature range from 290-430 degrees C. High residue yields were achieved at 37 wt.% for Mongolian Scots pine MWL and 26 wt.% for Manchurian ash MWL. In order to further investigate the mechanisms of lignin pyrolysis, we also analyzed the FTIR profiles for the main pyrolysis products (CO2, CO, methane, methanol, phenols and formaldehyde) and investigated the variation in pyrolysis products between the different MWLs.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Shurong, et al.
(författare)
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Study on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Manchurian Ash for Production of Bio-Oil
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Green Energy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1543-5075 .- 1543-5083. ; 7:3, s. 300-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyrolysis of Manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.) sawdust with four zeolite molecular sieve catalysts was performed on a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Pyrolysis of pure Manchurian ash and three main components, viz. cellulose, xylan, lignin, was also carried out as reference. The four zeolite catalysts investigated in this study (viz. HZSM-5, H-, USY and Na-Y) all catalyze the dehydration reaction, restrain the release of volatiles, and obviously promote the final residue yields. Y-type catalysts show the most evident catalytic effect, such as restraining the formation of aldehydes, acids, and ethers, and promoting that of isoalkanes and aromatics. The preferred catalyst should have both high activity for deoxygenating and selectivity for hydrocarbon production.
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