| 1. |
- Cao, Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Vulnerability of blue foods to human-induced environmental change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - 2398-9629. ; 6, s. 1186-1198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global aquatic foods are a key source of nutrition, but how their production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes is not well known. The vulnerability of global blue food systems to main environmental stressors and the related spatial impacts across blue food nations are now quantified. Global aquatic or 'blue' foods, essential to over 3.2 billion people, face challenges of maintaining supply in a changing environment while adhering to safety and sustainability standards. Despite the growing concerns over their environmental impacts, limited attention has been paid to how blue food production is influenced by anthropogenic environmental changes. Here we assess the vulnerability of global blue food systems to predominant environmental disturbances and predict the spatial impacts. Over 90% of global blue food production faces substantial risks from environmental change, with the major producers in Asia and the United States facing the greatest threats. Capture fisheries generally demonstrate higher vulnerability than aquaculture in marine environments, while the opposite is true in freshwater environments. While threats to production quantity are widespread across marine and inland systems, food safety risks are concentrated within a few countries. Identifying and supporting mitigation and adaptation measures in response to environmental stressors is particularly important in developing countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa where risks are high and national response capacities are low. These findings lay groundwork for future work to map environmental threats and opportunities, aiding strategic planning and policy development for resilient and sustainable blue food production under changing conditions.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of the extent of lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer-specific survival among T1 patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407 .- 1471-2407. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clinically, there are no clear guidelines on the extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with T1 esophageal cancer. Studying the minimum number of lymph nodes for resection may increase cancer-specific survival.Methods: Patients who underwent esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy at T1 stage were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (United States, 1998–2014). Maximally selected rank and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine three variables: the number of lymph nodes examined, the number of negative lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio.Results: Approximately 18% had lymph node metastases, where the median values were 10, 10 and 0 for the number of lymph nodes examined, the number of negative lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio, respectively. All three examined variables were statistically associated with cancer-specific survival probability. Dividing patients into two groups shows a clear difference in cancer-specific survival compared to four or five groups for all three variables: there was a 29% decrease in the risk of death with the number of lymph nodes examined ≥14 vs < 14 (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.89), a 35% decrease in the risk of death with the number of negative lymph nodes ≥13 vs < 13 (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.81), and an increase of 1.21 times in the risk of death (hazard ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.76–2.77) for the lymph node ratio > 0.05 vs ≤ 0.05.Conclusions: The extent of lymph node dissection is associated with cancer-specific survival, and the minimum number of lymph nodes that need to be removed is 14. The number of negative lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio also have prognostic value after lymphadenectomy among T1 stage patients.
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| 3. |
- Wu, Yuntao, et al.
(författare)
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Climatic controls on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of temperate grasslands in northern China
- 2023
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Ingår i: Plant and Soil. - : Springer. - 0032-079X .- 1573-5036. ; 491, s. 133-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims The natural abundances of stable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) isotopes (delta C-13 and delta N-15) are extensively used to indicate the C and N biogeochemical cycles at large spatial scales. However, the spatial patterns of delta C-13 and delta N-15 in plant-soil systems of grasslands in northern China and their main driving factors across regional climatic gradient are still not well understood. Methods We measured plant and soil delta C-13 and delta N-15 compositions as well as their associated environmental factors across 2000 km climatic gradient (-0.2 to 9 degrees C; 152 to 502 mm) in grasslands of northern China. Results The soil delta C-13 and delta N-15 values in surface were lower than those in bottom for temperate typical steppe but had no significant differences for temperate meadow steppe and temperate desert steppe. Soil delta C-13 values declined with increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) but increased as mean annual temperature (MAT). These changes were attributed to the microbial decomposition rate. The delta N-15 values in soil and plant were negatively correlated with MAT and mean annual precipitation (MAP), which were mainly related to the low soil organic matter mineralization rate and the shift of dominant species from C-4 to C-3. Conclusions Our results indicate the spatial patterns and different influencing factors on delta C-13 and delta N-15 values along the climatic gradient in grasslands of northern China. The findings will provide scientific references for future research on the C and N biogeochemical cycles of temperate grasslands.
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| 4. |
- Zhang, Xiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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The Prognostic Value of Tumor Length for Cause-Specific Mortality in Resectable Esophageal Cancer.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 106:4, s. 1038-1046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current esophageal cancer AJCC-TNM staging system may not capture the full prognostic implications of the primary tumor. A study is needed to explore the prognostic value of tumor size on esophageal cancer-specific mortality.METHODS: Patients who underwent surgical resection for non-metastatic esophageal cancer were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program database (United States, 1988 - 2014). Using statistics methods - maximally selected rank and two hazard models (Cox model and Fine-Gray model) - the optimum cutoff point for tumor length in each T classification was estimated and the prognostic value of tumor size on esophageal cancer-specific mortality was analyzed.RESULTS: 4,447 patients were identified. The median tumor size was significantly correlated with T classification, with the correlation coefficient of 0.43 (p < 0.001). Patients in the T1-T3 classifications who had larger tumor size showed a larger probability of cancer-specific mortality. The multivariate Cox model showed that tumor size was significantly associated with an increase in cancer-specific mortality in T1 (2.15, 95% CI [1.72, 2.69]) and T2 (1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62]), but marginally significantly in T3 (1.12, 95% CI [1.00, 1.27]) and insignificantly in T4 classification (p > 0.1). Similar results were found using the multivariate Fine-Gray model.CONCLUSIONS: We have found that combining T classification with tumor size can increase the precision in identifying the high-risk groups in T1-T2 classification. Based on esophageal cancer-specific mortality our study is the first to explore the prognostic cutoff point of tumor size by T classification.
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