| 1. |
- Carlén, Björn, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel : underlagsrapporter 1-10
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- VTI notat 28-2014 innehåller de tio underlagsrapporter som ligger till grund för VTI rapport 831: ”Landbaserade godstransporter, klimat och styrmedel – Sammanfattande rapport”. I VTI rapport 831 diskuterar forskarna flera dimensioner av hur växthusgaserna från godstransportsektorn ska kunna minskas, till exempel med hjälp av så kallade Gröna korridorer. Vidare diskuteras hur man ska se på de klimatpolitiska konsekvenserna av överflyttning från väg till järnväg eller elektrifierade fordon på väg.
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| 2. |
- Hultkrantz, Lars, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Green cars sterilize congestion charges : a model analysis of the reduced impact of Stockholm road tolls
- 2012
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Ingår i: Transport Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0967-070X .- 1879-310X. ; 21, s. 110-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Before–after comparisons indicate that the impact of the road toll in Stockholm on traffic volumes was smaller when the system was re-opened in 2007, compared to the effect during the trial in 2006. We calibrate a modal-choice model on data for Stockholm from before and during the trial and use it to simulate the effects of some seemingly subtle changes of the design of the congestion-charge scheme. We find that the growth of the share of exempted “green” cars and the decision to make charges deductible from the income tax was about to considerably reduce the positive welfare effect of the toll at the time when the “green” car exemption was abolished.
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| 3. |
- Liu, Xing, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Estimating the additionality of the Swedish climate subsidy program : Klimp
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2003, Sweden initiated a climate subsidy program known as Klimp, to encourage implementation of projects that reduce carbon emissions. A total grant of 1.8 billion SEK was approved for 912 projects, and 766 of these were implemented. The emission reduction from these projects totals 746,000 tons annually. However, it is criticized that some of the subsidized projects might have been implemented in the absence of financial support from Klimp, i.e., the projects were not additional. This concept of "additionality" brings concerns about the opportunity cost of government spending, and about what the impact of Klimp on emission reduction actually is.This paper compares the implementation outcomes (i.e., whether a project was implemented or not) of Klimp subsidized projects with a control group of projects that were not approved for Klimp subsidies. We use an econometric model to study the treatment effect of the Klimp subsidy, and we estimate the probability that a subsidized project would be implemented with and without the Klimp subsidy. The additionality of Klimp is calculated based on estimated probabilities. The estimation results show that the additionality of Klimp is approximately 60 percent, which means that 60 percent of the Klimp-subsidized projects would not have been implemented had they not been subsidized.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Xing, et al.
(författare)
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Octave-spanning Supercontinuum Generation in a Silicon-rich Nitride Waveguide
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2016. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We generate supercontinuum (817 – 2250 nm at -30dB) in a dispersion-engineered silicon-rich nitride waveguide by pumping fs pulses with 82 pJ from an erbium-fiber oscillator. Spectral broadening mechanisms include soliton fission and dispersive wave generation.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Xing, 1984-
(författare)
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Transport and environment incentive policy instruments : effects and interactions
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation studies issues related to the evaluation of the effects and interactions of transport and environmental incentive policy instruments. Essay 1: Green cars sterilize congestion charges: a model analysis of the reduced impact of Stockholm road tolls calibrates a modal-choice model with data from the Stockholm road toll and uses it to study the sensitivity of congestion toll effects to some seemly subtle changes in the toll system design and external circumstances. Essay 2: The impact of consistent internalization of external effects of transport and manufacturing – a CGE analysis of Sweden uses a static, small open-economy Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of the Swedish economy to study the impact of the consistent internalization of external effects of transport and manufacturing. We examine and compare the effects and tradeoffs of different policy reforms on domestic emissions reduction, carbon leakage, macroeconomic variables, social welfare, government budget, and transport demand. Essay 3: Estimating the value of transport time savings for freight transport: a simultaneous decision model of the choices of transport mode and shipment size applies a simultaneous decision model of the choices of transport mode and shipment size to study the value of transport time savings (VTTS) of Swedish shippers for four commodity groups: agricultural goods, forest goods, mining goods, and manufactured goods. Essay 4: Estimating the additionality of the Swedish climate subsidy program – Klimp studies an important issue related to the climate subsidy program – additionality. We estimate the probability that a subsidized project would have been implemented in the absence of the subsidy to assess the additionalityof the Klimp program
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| 6. |
- Xing, Liu, et al.
(författare)
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Octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in a silicon-rich nitride waveguide
- 2016
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Ingår i: Optics Letters. - 0146-9592 .- 1539-4794. ; 41:12, s. 2719-2722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally show octave-spanning supercontinuum generation in a nonstoichiometric silicon-rich nitride waveguide when pumped by femtosecond pulses from an erbium fiber laser. The pulse energy and bandwidth are comparable to results achieved in stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides, but our material platform is simpler to manufacture. We also observe wave-breaking supercontinuum generation by using orthogonal pumping in the same waveguide. Additional analysis reveals that the waveguide height is a powerful tuning parameter for generating mid-infrared dispersive waves while keeping the pump in the telecom band.
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