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| 2. |
- Back, S E, et al.
(författare)
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Age dependence of renal function: clearance of iohexol and p-amino hippurate in healthy males
- 1989
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - 1502-7686. ; 49:7, s. 641-646
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iohexol, a newly developed non-ionic contrast agent, has been recently documented as a reliable glomerular filtration marker. This study describes the age dependence of the single injection clearance of iohexol in a sample of healthy male volunteers ranging from 21 to 77 years of age. In parallel, renal plasma flow was studied by measuring the total clearance of p-amino hippuric acid administered as a continuous infusion. In subjects older than 50 years a negative correlation to age was found for both p-amino hippuric acid and iohexol clearance, with a reduction of 52 ml/min and 12 ml/min per decade, respectively, whereas no age dependence was found for younger subjects. Correlation between p-amino hippuric acid and iohexol clearances was 0.81. However, the filtration fraction, defined as the ratio of iohexol to p-amino hippuric acid clearance, was higher in the elderly subjects. A consistent discrepancy was found between total and renal clearances of p-amino hippuric acid, indicating significant renal metabolism. Renal clearance of creatinine was poorly correlated to iohexol clearance and did not show any relationship to age.
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| 3. |
- Boiesen, P, et al.
(författare)
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Histologic grading in breast cancer--reproducibility between seven pathologic departments. South Sweden Breast Cancer Group
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 39:1, s. 41-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Histologic grade, including tubular formations, nuclear grade, and mitotic activity, is a well-documented prognostic factor in breast cancer. In comparison with other prognostic parameters, the evaluation of histologic grade is cheap and can be performed, in principle, in all cases of breast cancer. One possible disadvantage is that the evaluation may vary between different pathological departments. The aim of the present work was therefore to study the reproducibility of the histologic grading system by distributing haematoxylin-erythrosin-stained slides from 93 invasive breast cancers to the seven pathology departments within the southern healthcare region of Sweden. The evaluation was performed blindly and without any knowledge of other clinical parameters. In 31% of the cases the same histologic grade was obtained for all departments. The overall mean kappa was 0.54, indicating a moderate reproducibility. Of the three factors included in histologic grade, the agreement was best for tubular formations and poorest for nuclear grade and mitotic activity. The overall moderate reproducibility should be considered when the clinical usefulness of histologic grading is compared with other prognostic instruments.
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| 4. |
- Bousquet, Jean, et al.
(författare)
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ARIA digital anamorphosis : Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Allergy. European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-4538 .- 1398-9995. ; 76:1, s. 168-190
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed.
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| 5. |
- Chen, H.Y., et al.
(författare)
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Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity in aortic stenosis: a genome-wide study
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 44:21, s. 1927-1939
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Although highly heritable, the genetic etiology of calcific aortic stenosis (AS) remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to discover novel genetic contributors to AS and to integrate functional, expression, and cross-phenotype data to identify mechanisms of AS. Methods and results A genome-wide meta-analysis of 11.6 million variants in 10 cohorts involving 653 867 European ancestry participants (13 765 cases) was performed. Seventeen loci were associated with AS at P ≤ 5 × 10−8, of which 15 replicated in an independent cohort of 90 828 participants (7111 cases), including CELSR2–SORT1, NLRP6, and SMC2. A genetic risk score comprised of the index variants was associated with AS [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–1.35; P = 2.7 × 10−51] and aortic valve calcium (OR per standard deviation, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37; P = 1.4 × 10−3), after adjustment for known risk factors. A phenome-wide association study indicated multiple associations with coronary artery disease, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Mendelian randomization supported a causal role for apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein particles in AS (OR per g/L of apolipoprotein B, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.90–5.12; P = 2.1 × 10−20) and replicated previous findings of causality for lipoprotein(a) (OR per natural logarithm, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.17–1.23; P = 4.8 × 10−73) and body mass index (OR per kg/m2, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05–1.9; P = 1.9 × 10−12). Colocalization analyses using the GTEx database identified a role for differential expression of the genes LPA, SORT1, ACTR2, NOTCH4, IL6R, and FADS. Conclusion Dyslipidemia, inflammation, calcification, and adiposity play important roles in the etiology of AS, implicating novel treatments and prevention strategies. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.
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| 6. |
- Enkovaara, J., et al.
(författare)
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Electronic structure calculations with GPAW : a real-space implementation of the projector augmented-wave method
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 22:25, s. 253202-
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electronic structure calculations have become an indispensable tool in many areas of materials science and quantum chemistry. Even though the Kohn-Sham formulation of the density-functional theory (DFT) simplifies the many-body problem significantly, one is still confronted with several numerical challenges. In this article we present the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method as implemented in the GPAW program package (https://wiki.fysik.dtu.dk/gpaw) using a uniform real-space grid representation of the electronic wavefunctions. Compared to more traditional plane wave or localized basis set approaches, real-space grids offer several advantages, most notably good computational scalability and systematic convergence properties. However, as a unique feature GPAW also facilitates a localized atomic-orbital basis set in addition to the grid. The efficient atomic basis set is complementary to the more accurate grid, and the possibility to seamlessly switch between the two representations provides great flexibility. While DFT allows one to study ground state properties, time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) provides access to the excited states. We have implemented the two common formulations of TDDFT, namely the linear-response and the time propagation schemes. Electron transport calculations under finite-bias conditions can be performed with GPAW using non-equilibrium Green functions and the localized basis set. In addition to the basic features of the real-space PAW method, we also describe the implementation of selected exchange-correlation functionals, parallelization schemes, Delta SCF-method, x-ray absorption spectra, and maximally localized Wannier orbitals.
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| 7. |
- Gaziano, Liam, et al.
(författare)
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Mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease : Observational and mendelian randomization analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 146:20, s. 1507-1517
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: End-stage renal disease is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. It is unknown, however, whether mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke.METHODS: Observational analyses were conducted using individual-level data from 4 population data sources (Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD [European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Cardiovascular Disease Study], Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank), comprising 648 135 participants with no history of cardiovascular disease or diabetes at baseline, yielding 42 858 and 15 693 incident CHD and stroke events, respectively, during 6.8 million person-years of follow-up. Using a genetic risk score of 218 variants for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), we conducted Mendelian randomization analyses involving 413 718 participants (25 917 CHD and 8622 strokes) in EPIC-CVD, Million Veteran Program, and UK Biobank.RESULTS: There were U-shaped observational associations of creatinine-based eGFR with CHD and stroke, with higher risk in participants with eGFR values <60 or >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, compared with those with eGFR between 60 and 105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Mendelian randomization analyses for CHD showed an association among participants with eGFR <60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, with a 14% (95% CI, 3%-27%) higher CHD risk per 5 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2 lower genetically predicted eGFR, but not for those with eGFR >105 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2. Results were not materially different after adjustment for factors associated with the eGFR genetic risk score, such as lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c, and blood pressure. Mendelian randomization results for stroke were nonsignificant but broadly similar to those for CHD.CONCLUSIONS: In people without manifest cardiovascular disease or diabetes, mild-to-moderate kidney dysfunction is causally related to risk of CHD, highlighting the potential value of preventive approaches that preserve and modulate kidney function.
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| 10. |
- Hofmann, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1469-493X. ; :10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Several comparative randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been performed including combinations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors since the publication of a Cochrane Review on targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in 2008. This review represents an update of that original review.Objectives: To assess the effects of targeted therapies for clear cell mRCC in patients naïve to systemic therapy.Search methods: We performed a comprehensive search with no restrictions on language or publication status. The date of the latest search was 18 June 2020.Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials, recruiting patients with clear cell mRCC naïve to previous systemic treatment. The index intervention was any TKI‐based targeted therapy.Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed the included studies and extracted data for the primary outcomes: progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and serious adverse events (SAEs); and the secondary outcomes: health‐related quality of life (QoL), response rate and minor adverse events (AEs). We performed statistical analyses using a random‐effects model and rated the certainty of evidence according to the GRADE approach.Main results: We included 18 RCTs reporting on 11,590 participants randomised across 18 comparisons. This abstract focuses on the primary outcomes of select comparisons.
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