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- Danielsson, Anna, Dr, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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A choking(?) engine of war : Human agency in military targeting reconsidered
- 2022
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Ingår i: Review of International Studies. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0260-2105 .- 1469-9044. ; 49:1, s. 83-103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the question of human agency in military targeting. Targeting is one of the key drivers of war. When studied by academic disciplines, much interest has been devoted to the ethics and effects of military targeting. Less debated, but focused here, is the question of the conditions of human agency within military targeting. In the literature that does exist on this topic, there is a questioning of the traditional conception of human agency but at the same time a lack of closer conceptualisation of different kinds of articulations of human agency in the targeting process. In this article, we propose a recentring of human agency in critical scholarship on military targeting. With inspiration from Theodore Schatzki's work on ‘practice’, by analytically approaching targeting as a practice, and through various examples from Operation Iraqi Freedom, the article develops and illustrates a framework for the conceptualisation of human agencies in targeting. This framework distinguishes articulations of agency based on whether they furthered the (temporary) ordering of the targeting practice or challenged its internal organising elements. The study of military targeting is significant not least since the phenomenon is one of the key ‘engines’ and drivers of war's constant becoming.
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| 2. |
- Gordon, David J., et al.
(författare)
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Theorizing the globally engaged city in world politics
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of International Relations. - : SAGE Publications. - 1354-0661 .- 1460-3713. ; 28:1, s. 58-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cities both large and small, more and less economically advanced, are deeply involved in efforts to address the most challenging and complex issues of contemporary global governance, ranging from climate change and conditions of insecurity to human migration and public health. Yet this puzzling phenomenon is largely ignored within International Relations (IR) scholarship, and only partially theorized by scholars working in other fields of inquiry. Our premise in this article is that attempts to understand and assess city participation in world politics are augmented by focusing on the global identity of the city, since understanding what cities do in world politics is shaped by who cities (think they) are on the global stage. In proposing a subtle shift, from the passively labeled global city to what we call the globally engaged city, we direct analysis to the political and discursive forces shaping, delimiting, and informing this novel role for the city as a world-political actor. We propose that city identity is now fractured into local and global dimensions and set out two analytically distinct contexts in which the global identity of the city is forged through a process of differentiation from the nation-state. Our framework highlights in particular the politics of recognition shaping how the globally engaged city is defined and diffused. Through two empirical vignettes we illustrate the value of our framework as a means for IR scholarship to bring cities in from the analytic hinterlands and better understand their (potential) impact on the world stage.
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| 5. |
- Ljungkvist, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Den ömsesidiga relationen mellan städer och krig, krig och städer
- 2023
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Ingår i: Kosmopolis. - 1236-1372 .- 2814-5070. ; 53:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Under de senaste åren har eskalerande urbanisering och väpnade konflikter i städer kommit att uppfattas som en allt viktigare global säkerhetsfråga, både bland forskare och praktiker. Samtidigt är det empiriskt välbelagt att städer alltid har formats av krig och krigföring, och krig och krigföring alltid har formats av städer. Trots detta är samtida krigsvetenskapliga och västerländska militärstrategiska diskussioner om krig, fred och säkerhet i relation till städer och det urbana ofta onyanserade och baserade på ett binärt tänkande. Syftet med den här artikeln är att genom en bred forskningsöversikt belysa och exemplifiera den ömsesidiga relationen mellan krig och städer, och därmed bidra till en fördjupad och mer nyanserad samtida diskussion om krig i och mot städer, samt till en fördjupad förståelse för stadens dubbla konstruktion och funktion som en miljö som både är konstituerad av och konstituerande för militärt våld. Dylik fördjupad förståelse är angelägen även i relation till samtida fredsforskning rörande post-konfliktstäder och urbant fredsbyggande.
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| 7. |
- Ljungkvist, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the local turn in peacebuilding - through the emerging urban approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 42:10, s. 2209-2226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we revisit the ‘local turn’ debate in the peacebuilding literature, and explore its most recent and promising approach to ‘the local’, focussing on post-war cities and on urban dimensions of peacebuilding. There is still substantive contestation and frustration in the peacebuilding research field with regards to the conceptual fuzziness of ‘the local’, and with the continual failures of international interventions to actually take into account local perspectives, promote local agency and establish local ownership. In this article, we explore to what extent recent urban approaches to peacebuilding can help alleviate some of the conceptual problems that has persisted in the literature. We reflect on and raise questions about what a focus on cities and urban perspectives is contributing to the study of local peacebuilding more specifically. We suggest three facets of analytical added value: (1) an increased understanding of how the particularities of urban and rural space affects peacebuilding locally and potentially beyond; (2) how cities and urban space are interrelated with traditional territoriality; and (3) the methodological benefits of the city/urban as (local) analytical entry point. We also discuss potential pitfalls and limitations of urban approaches to peacebuilding, and identify prospective pathways for further research.
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